WAR AND SOCIETYIRELAND IN THE 1790s

DR. NIALL Ó CIOSÁIN

STRUCTURE OF POWER IN 18TH-

CENTURY IRELAND

KINGDUBLIN PARLIAMENT

LONDON PARLIAMENT

PARLIAMENT- HOUSE OF LORDS- HOUSE OF COMMONS

HOUSE OF LORDS

HOUSE OF LORDS

•LANDOWNERS

HOUSE OF LORDS

•LANDOWNERS•BISHOPS

HOUSE OF COMMONS

HOUSE OF COMMONS•COUNTIES

HOUSE OF COMMONS•COUNTIES•BOROUGHS (CORPORATIONS)

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE

RELIGIOUS STRUCTUREANGLICANS•STATE CHURCH•MOST LANDOWNERS•MANY FARMERS•URBAN POPULATIONS

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURECATHOLICS

• MAJORITY• A FEW LANDOWNERS• MANY FARMERS• LABOURERS• COULD NOT VOTE OR BE ON

CORPORATIONS

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE•PRESBYTERIANS•NORTH-EAST•FARMERS, LABOURERS, WEAVERS

•NOT ON CORPORATIONS

ECONOMIC GROWTH

ECONOMIC GROWTH•EXPORT-LED

ECONOMIC GROWTH•EXPORT-LED•AGRICULTURE - SOUTH

ECONOMIC GROWTH•EXPORT-LED•AGRICULTURE - SOUTH

•TEXTILE INDUSTRY - NORTH

•GROWTH OF URBAN MERCANTILE CLASS

•GROWTH OF URBAN MERCANTILE CLASS

•POLITICAL FORUM - NEWSPAPERS

•GROWTH OF URBAN MERCANTILE CLASS

•POLITICAL FORUM - NEWSPAPERS

•FREEMAN’S JOURNAL, DUBLIN 1763

•AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-82

•AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-82

•ATTEMPTS BY LONDON TO REGULATE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES

•AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-82

•ATTEMPTS BY LONDON TO REGULATE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES

•A PRECEDENT FOR IRELAND?

IMPACT OF AMERICAN WAR

IMPACT OF AMERICAN WAR• DISRUPTION OF TRADE

IMPACT OF AMERICAN WAR• DISRUPTION OF TRADE• WAR EXPENDITURE

IMPACT OF AMERICAN WAR• DISRUPTION OF TRADE• WAR EXPENDITURE• IRISH TREASURY ALMOST

BANKRUPT

VOLUNTEERS 1778

VOLUNTEERS 1778

• A PRIVATE MILITIA

VOLUNTEERS 1778

• A PRIVATE MILITIA• 60,000 MEMBERS

VOLUNTEERS 1778

• A PRIVATE MILITIA• 60,000 MEMBERS• EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY

PRESSURE GROUP

VOLUNTEERS 1778

• A PRIVATE MILITIA• 60,000 MEMBERS• EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY

PRESSURE GROUP• ‘FREE TRADE’ 1779

IMPACT ON CATHOLICS

IMPACT ON CATHOLICS• NEED FOR CATHOLIC

SOLDIERS

IMPACT ON CATHOLICS• NEED FOR CATHOLIC

SOLDIERS• 1778 SOME CIVIC

RESTRICTIONS REMOVED - LAND LEASING

EXPANSION OF POLITICAL SPHERE

EXPANSION OF POLITICAL SPHERE• VOLUNTEER NATIONAL

CONVENTION 1782

EXPANSION OF POLITICAL SPHERE• VOLUNTEER NATIONAL

CONVENTION 1782• GREATER AUTONOMY OF

DUBLIN PARLIAMENT

EXPANSION OF POLITICAL SPHERE• VOLUNTEER NATIONAL

CONVENTION 1782• GREATER AUTONOMY OF

DUBLIN PARLIAMENT• ACHIEVED BY PRESSURE

OUTSIDE PARLIAMENT