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Unit 1 - Basic Concepts

of Wildland Fire

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Unit Objective

Define basic terminology used in wildland fire.

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Parts of a Fire

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Origin

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Head

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Flank (Flanks)

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Rear or Heel

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Perimeter

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Finger

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Pocket

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Island

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Spot Fire

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Head

Rear or Heel

•Origin

•Right Flank•Left Flank

Which flank is more active?

Where would you start to fight this fire?

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What are these two fire parts called?

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Fire Behavior Terms

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SmolderingFire burning without flame and barely

spreading.

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CreepingFire burning with a low flame and

spreading slowly.

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Running

Fire spread rapidly with a well defined head.

*Click on image to play video

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SpottingFire producing sparks or embers that are carried

by the wind or convection that start new fires beyond the main fire

*Click on image to play video

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Torching

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CrowningFire advances from top-to-top of trees or shrubs more or less independently of the surface fire.

*Click on image to play video

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Flare upSudden acceleration of fire spread or intensity,

but of relatively short duration.

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FirewhirlA spinning, moving column of ascending air rising within

a vortex and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flames.

*Click on image to play video

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What type of fire behavior is this?

*Click on image to play video

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What type of fire behavior is this?

*Click on image to play video

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Other useful firefighting terms

• Anchor point

• Control line

• Fireline

• Mop-up

• Contained

• Controlled

• L.C.E.S.