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Fixed Effect Coefficient s.e. t Coefficient s.e. t Coefficient s.e. t Coefficient s.e. t Intercept (!0) 5@AB@C! @A@CB! 5DAEEF! 5@A@EB! @A@GH! 5@ADGE! 5@A@E@! @A@G@! 5@AD@I! 5@A@ED! @A@G@! 5@ADCG!Pathway treatment effect (!1) @AFCD! @AHEJ! GAEDC! @A@FF! @A@GH! HAEJ@! @A@FF! @A@GE! HAEGJ! @A@FG! @A@GE! HAEDC!Classroom pretest score (!2) @ADCI! @A@JB! GACJF! @AJDF! @A@GF! HDAIIH! @ACJH! @A@GF! HBAIHI! @ACDI! @A@GF! HBAEGB!

Random Effect Estimate -2logLR p Estimate -2logLR Estimate -2logLR Estimate -2logLR

Block Intercept (!02) @AHDG! GCADDJ! @A@@@! @A@GI! DEAFJB! @A@@@! @A@GD! BEACJB! @A@@@! @A@GB! BGAJBI! @A@@@!

Pathway treatment effect (!1

2) @AGHG! DBAJBC! @A@@@! @A@@G! HACGD! @AEEF! @A@@F! EA@EH! @AHIB! @A@@G! HAFCI! @AEBI!

Students ("2) @ACB@! @ACG@! !! !! @ACJE! !! !! @ACJF! !! !!~p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001

!"!##

##

Table 4. Hierarchical Linear Models Used to Predict Student-, Classroom-, and Randomization Block-Level Achievement Outcomes (All Classrooms)

CST Total CST Reading Subtest CST Writing Subtest Fixed Effect Coefficient s.e. t Coefficient s.e. t Coefficient s.e. t

Intercept (!0) $"%&'(# "%"'(# $)%&*'# $"%&&"# "%"'(# $'%(!+# $"%&&!# "%"'(# $'%(*'#Pathway treatment effect (!1) "%",'# "%"'*# &%!(+# "%"+*# "%"'*# !%,"-# "%!""# "%"''# &%&*+#Classroom pretest score (!2) "%,'!# "%"&-# *-%*(+# "%+-"# "%"&(# *&%')(# "%+&,# "%"&(# *!%!*!#

Random Effect Estimate -2logLR p Estimate -2logLR p Estimate -2logLR p

Block Intercept (!02) "%"--# *&*%-!"# "%"""# "%"-*# &)*%(&(# "%"""# "%"-*# &'(%!'*# "%"""#

Pathway treatment effect (!12) "%"&"# )%,!"# "%"&-# "%"&!# )%-))# "%"&,# "%"&*# -%''-# "%"!"#

Sections within teacher (!2) "%"""# "%"""# !%"""# "%"""# "%"""# !%"""# "%"""# "%"""# !%"""#

Students ("2) "%-!*# ## ## "%-)*# ## ## "%-)+# ## ##~p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 !

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