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C H A P T E R

CIS 300 – MIS

Course Introduction

Chang-Yang Lin

cy.lin@eku.edu people.eku.edu/linc

Several Terms

• E-World; Digital Age; Digital Firms• Information Technology (IT)• Information Systems (IS)• Office Workers; Knowledge Workers;

End-Users; End-User Managers• E-Business; E-Commerce• Business initiatives drive IT choices

Information Technology (IT)

• Computer Technology (Hardware and Software) Processing and Storing Information

• Communication Technology Transmitting information

CIS 300 - MIS

• The MIS Concept• Why Studying IS/MIS

What You Need to Know • System Concepts• Types of Business Information Systems

Roles; Trends• Managerial Challenges of IT• Course Website

The MIS Concept

  The MIS concept addresses the use of IT to improve individual and organizational performance at two levels:

1) producing “better” tangible outputs

2) developing tools and processes that allow better management decision making

Level 1: “Better” Tangible Outputs

• IT is used to make the process in producing a tangible output more efficient and more effective

• Implication Issueswhether or not to use ITselecting the proper ITemploying correct procedures for the utilization of the IT

Level 2 : Intangible Outputs

• A schematic view - the information/decision level• MIS involves identifying the key decisions that

are related to reaching objectives, on determining the proper information needed to make these decisions, and on improving the decision processes employed to make the decisions.

• Implications: Activity at this level concentrates on developing tools and processes that allow better management decision making

The MIS Concept - Level 2:Intangible Outputs (achieving desired

objectives)

D ata

In fo rm ation D ec is ion P rocesses

D ec is ion s

G oa ls /O b jec tives

System Concepts

• What is a system?A set of components that interact to accomplish goalsSystems can be viewed as process models in terms of

their inputs, outputs, processing, and feedback/control mechanisms. Examples.

• What is an IS?A set of interrelated components that

collect input, process, and output data and information and provide a feedback/control mechanism

• What is a CBIS?An IS that uses IT.Components: hardware, software, databases, networks,

people, procedures

System Examples

• University – an example Inputs: students, faculty, textbooks Processing mechanisms: teaching, research, service Output: graduates Goal: acquisition of knowledge

• The Manufacturing System• Other Examples• Subsystem, interface,

open, adaptive

Boundary Feedback

ManufacturingProcess

Input ofRaw Materials

Output ofFinished Products

Environment

Other Systems

Control byManagement

ControlSignals

ControlSignals

FeedbackSignals

FeedbackSignals

System Boundary

A Manufacturing System: Generic Components

Systems: Some Examples

• University Inputs: Students, Faculty,

Textbooks Processes:

Education/Courses Output: graduates Feedback: surveys, grades

• Toyota Plant Inputs: raw materials,

components Processes: assembly line Output: mini-vans Feedback: customer surveys,

quality reports

• Fast Food IS Inputs: consumer orders Processes: processing

software Output: receipts, cook’s

order list Feedback: invalid entry

message• Video Store IS

Inputs: rentals, returns Processes: processing

software Output: reports, rental

agreement Feedback: error repots

System Classifications and Characteristics

Open Closed

Adaptive Nonadaptive

SubsystemSystem BoundaryInterfaceOpen, Adaptive Systems

Input, Processing, Output, Feedback/Control

INPUTSGathering and capturing raw data

INPUTSGathering and capturing raw data

PROCESSINGConverting or transforming data into useful outputs

PROCESSINGConverting or transforming data into useful outputs

OUTPUTSProducing useful information, usually in the form of documents.

OUTPUTSProducing useful information, usually in the form of documents.

Feedback/Control

Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

Procedures

• Procedures - set of instructions used by people to complete a task

• Procedures include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.

• Examples: procedures describe When each program is to be run Who can have access to database What is to be done in case of a disaster

System Performance Standards:Efficiency and Effectiveness

Efficiency: a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed

• an improved product• the same level product

produced cheaper or faster

• the improvement in the product exceeds the increased cost

Effectiveness: a measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals.

• Goal: to reduce damaged parts by 100 units

• Q: Actual reduction in damaged parts using a control system is only 85 units. Effectiveness?

• A: The effectiveness of the control system is 85 percent

What You Need to Know

• Foundation Concepts: Fundamental concepts about the components and roles of IS

• IT: Major concepts, developments, and management issues in information technologies

• Business Applications: The major uses of IS for the operations, management, and competitive advantage

• Development Processes: How end users or information specialists develop and implement IS

• The challenges of effectively and ethically managing information technologies, strategies, and security at the end user, enterprise, and global levels of a business

Major Roles of Information Systems

Support of Strategic

Advantage

Support of Managerial

Decision Making

Support of Business Operations

History of the Role of IS

Data Processing

ManagementReporting

DecisionSupport

Strategic &End User

Electronic Commerce

1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000

ElectronicData Processing- TPS

ManagementInformationSystems

DecisionSupportSystems- Ad hoc Reports

End UserComputingExec Info SysExpert SystemsSIS

ElectronicBusiness & Commerce-InternetworkedE-Business &Commerce

Trends in ISs

• Data Processing: 1950s - Transaction processing, record keeping, traditional

accounting applications• Management Reporting: 1960s -

MIS – predefined management reports for decision-making purposes

• Decision Support: 1970s - DSS – interactive ad hoc support of the managerial

decision-making process• Strategic and End User Support: 1980s -

EUC, Executive Information Systems, Expert Systems, Strategic Information Systems

• Electronic Business and E-Commerce: 1990s -

Manufacturingand

Production

Engineering &Research

Accounting,Finance, andManagement

Suppliers and Other Business Partners

Procurement, Distribution, and Logistics

Advertising Sales Customer Service

Consumer and Business Customers

CompanyBoundary

Intranets

The Internet

Extranets

Ext

ran

ets

The Electronic Business

• What uses of IT might be considered improper, irresponsible, or harmful to other individuals or to society?

• What is the proper use of an organization’s information resources?

• What does it take to be a responsible end user of IT?

• How can you protect yourself from computer crime and other risks of IT?

Ethical Dimensions of IT

Occupation 1998 2008Fastest growing

1 Computer engineers 299 622 323 108 1

2 Computer support specialists 429 869 440 102 1

3 Systems analysts 617 1,194 577 94 1

4 Database administrators 87 155 68 77 1

5 Desktop publishing specialists 26 44 18 73 2

6 Paralegals and legal assistants 136 220 84 62 2

7 Personal care and home health aides 746 1,179 433 58 4

8 Medical assistants 252 398 146 58 3

9 Social and human service assistants 268 410 142 53 3

10 Physician assistants 66 98 32 48 1

20Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents

303 427 124 41 1

Employment (1,000)

Employment Projections by Occupation: 1998 and 2008

# Change (1,000)

Percent change

Quartile rank bymedian

earningsRank

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1999

Occupation 1998 2008

Largest job growth

1 Systems analysts 617 1,194 577 94 1

2 Retail salespersons 4,056 4,620 564 14 4

3 Cashiers 3,198 3,754 556 17 4

4 General managers and top executives 3,362 3,913 551 16 1

7 Registered nurses 2,079 2,530 451 22 1

8 Computer support specialists 429 869 440 102 1

13 Computer engineers 299 622 323 108 1

14 Teachers, secondary school 1,426 1,749 323 23 1

15Office and administrative support supervisors and managers

1,611 1,924 313 19 2

19 Marketing and sales worker supervisors 2,584 2,847 263 10 2

25 Teachers, elementary school 1,754 1,959 205 12 1

26 Blue-collar worker supervisors 2,198 2,394 196 9 1

27 College faculty 865 1,061 196 23 1

Employment (1,000)

Employment Projections by Occupation: 1998 and 2008

# Change (1,000)

Percent change

Quartile rank bymedian

earningsRank

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1999