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Transcript of 0 12 3 456 4714 - Université Grenoble Alpespanchish/moscou201211/moscou201211-v2.pdf/&)0!)%0&!...

Page 1: 0 12 3 456 4714 - Université Grenoble Alpespanchish/moscou201211/moscou201211-v2.pdf/&)0!)%0&! )0*&0)!"#"$ &'()*(+)&%!"#$#%# &'%($)(* +!$,)("$#- .()!'/0)12 345467* 897:; ?(#$!

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/&)0!)%0&! )0*&0)

!"#"$ % &'()*(+)&

!"#$#%# &'%($)(* +!$,)("$#- .()!'/0)12

345467* 897:; <#4=>?(#$! @ABC()"* &DEFGH

!"#$%$"&$ '($)* #+"&),!"-./'

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102 2"$) (, '(!)%*+'%&!3 '(45#06 "!. -".&' !-,+!'%&(!)

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CDE:D.:86 :8= !"#"> F>G$8 $8-$H"= ." H, H<$D E,B0H< ;,8E"0"8;"

IF"H: JB8;H$,8DIK

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H, ;,8H0$/BH" :L:$8 H, H<" ;,8H$8B$H> ,E H<" $8H"0"DH H, H<" H<",0> ,E

M"H: EB8;H$,8D6 :8= H, $8=$;:H" ?0,=B;H$-" =$0";H$,8D H, H:G"

0"D":0;< E0,. <"0"K

) N,B!= /" $8H"0"DH"= $8 8"N ="-"!,??."8HD $8 H<" H<",0> ,E

;,.?!"# :8= 3:=$; M"H: EB8;H$,8D6 "D?";$:!!> 0"!:H"= H, H<" :0":D ,E

:BH.,0?<$; E,0.D :8= L",."H0>K

H ?0"D"8H DH:L" ,E D;$"8;" :8= "=B;:H$,8 $H $D $.?,0H:8H H, O8=

?,DD$/$!$H$"D H, DB??,0H ,B0 "#;<:8L" $8 H<" DHB=> :8= $8 EB0H<"0

="-"!,??."8H ,E M"H: EB8;H$,8DK

)H N,B!= /" -"0> BD"EB! H, ;,8H$8B" ,B0 "P,0HD $8 H<$D =$0";H$,8K Q8

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: ',8E"0"8;" IR,B08U"D 0$H<.UH$AB"DI N$!! /" <"!=6 $8 N<$;< H<"

H<"." ,E M"H: EB8;H$,8D N$!! /" N$="!> ?0"D"8H"=K

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!"#$ %#&'&( )#*&+*,&#+ *&-#&* !+" -&(!,&" '&./&,-0

!" #$ %&'$()!* "+! $,-./!%"(% 0*&#. Γ = !

(Z) 1&2(3 × 3 )4-5"*(%!$67 5') .*&8! "+5" "+! 9&#*(!* %&!:%(!'"$ !

!

(")&2 "+! &*(0('5/ ;(!0!/4<($!'$"!(' $!*(!$ #

"

5)-(" 5' !=./(%(" $45)(%

-!*&-&*.+(% ('"!*.&/5"(&' &' " >+!*! % *#'$ "+*&#0+ 5// .&$("(8!

)!?'("! +5/2 ('"!0*5/ -5"*(%(!$ 2&* )!"(3%) '&" )(8($(@/! @, $7 >+!*!

#

"

(&) =∑

(#,$)/∼

)!"('& + ()−" =∑

γ∈%\Γ

)!"('& + ()−"

=∑

!∈&

!

!

!=.("#(%&))

&' "+! ;(!0!/ #..!* +5/2 ./5'! H

= {& = '

& ∈ )

(C)|$% (&) > A}&2 )!0*!! 7 (', () *#'$ &8!* !B#(85/!'%! %/5$$!$ &2 5// %&.*(-!

$,--!"*(% %&#./!$7 γ =

(! *

' (

)*#'$ &8!* !B#(85/!'%! %/5$$!$ &2 Γ

-&)#/& "+! ;(!0!/ .5*5@&/(% + =

(∗ ∗A ∗

)C

!"#$ %#&'&( )#*&+*,&#+ *&-#&* !+" -&(!,&" '&./&,-0

D+! +&-&0!'!#&$ $.5%! , = {(', ()/ ∼} = +\ !

5') ("$ $45)(%

.&('"$ 5)-(" ;(!0!/E$ %&&*)('5"!$

ν = )!"(') 5') R = '− (

)!?'!) &' "+! -5(' 5:'! $#@$!" 0(8!' @, )!"(') ∈ &'

7 >+(%+ ($

#$!) (' "+! %&'$"*#%"(&'C

F "*, 5/$& "& .*!$!'" 85*(&#$ 5../(%5"(&'$G "& $45)(% -42#'%"(&'$7 "&

;(!0!/E$ H5$$ 9&*-#/57 "& $45)(% 5'5/,"(% 25-(/(!$ &2 5#"&-&*.+(%

*!.*!$!'"5"(&'$C

<($!'$"!(' $!*(!$ 5*! @5$(% 5#"&-&*.+(% 2&*-$7 5') "+!*! !=($"

$!8!*5/ >5,$ "& %&'$"*#%" "+!- 8(5 0*&#. "+!&*,7 /5""(%! "+!&*,7

I5/&($ *!.*!$!'"5"(&'$7 CCC

9&* -!7 "+! <($!'$"!(' $!*(!$ ($ "+! -5(' "&&/ &2 5'5/,"(%

%&'$"*#%"(&'$ &2 %&-./!= 5') $45)(% -42#'%"(&'$7 (' .5*"(%#/5* 8(5

"+! )&#@/('0 -!"+&)7 $!! JK;LM7 JILK;M7 JN&!OPM7 J;+(QPM7

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%&//5@&*5"&*$C

!

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!"!#$% &'#$'!()

!" #$% &'"'()*+, ()#"#(,+" χ -!.

(!$/'.+" 0)'-1"#2/

3'$4!*1,+.3 0'+5+*67'/+$/,+'$ /+"'+/ #//1-'$5 ,)+'" #8/!*1,+

(!$4+"5+$(+ 9':+: ! > " + ;<=

#

∗!

(χ, $) =∑

(",#)/∼

χ(.+,(%)) .+,(%$ + &)−! =∑

<$∈%

'

$

(! , χ)($.

>)+ ,?! /'.+/ !@ ,)+ +A1#*',% B"!.1(+ .1#* #BB"!#()+/= 5+!-+,"'(

#$. #*5+8"#'(: >)+ !1"'+" (!+C('+$,/ (#$ 8+ (!-B1,+. 8% 0'+5+*2/

-+,)!. 9/++ D0,E;F D0)'GHFI : : : < 4'# ,)+ /'$51*#" /+"'+/

'

$

(# ∗!

(χ, $)) 9;<

=(−Jπ))&!

J

( − )! Γ

&

(!)

R !"# $

χ(ν(R))ν(R)−!

.+, *

!− + !

+

&

(*R)

>)+ !",)!5!$#*',% "+*#,'!$/ -!.

B"!.1(+ ,?! @#-'*'+/ !@

.'/,"'81,'!$/ 9$!,'(+ ,)#, ,+"-/ '$ ,)+ KL0 #"+ '$4#"'#$, 1$.+" /'5$

()#$5+/I #$. 9M< '/ #*5+8"#'( #@,+" -1*,'B*%'$5 8% ,)+ @#(,!" '$ 9;<<=

;

ϕ( )

χ !"# '

!

χ̄(,)∑

(",#)/∼

χ(.+,(%))

.+,(%$ + &)!=

(",#)/∼"#$(")≡$ %&" %

!

!"(.+,(%))!

.+,(%$ + &)!

9J<

;

ϕ( )

χ !"# '

!

χ̄(,)∑

R !"# $

χ(ν(R))+&

(*R)

ν(R)!=

R %&"

ν(R)≡$ %&" %

!

+

&

(*R) !"ν(R)!

ν(R)!

9M<

'

*+! ,&! -. /0$&$0$ '+!-#) $"1 2&!,1-3!$&,#!&

N+ +OB"+// ,)+ '$,+5"#*/ !@ &'"'()*+, ()#"#(,+"/ θ -!. #*!$5 ,)+

.'/,"'81,'!$/ 9M< ,)"!15) ,)+ "+('B"!(#* !@ # B"!.1(, !@ -6@1$(,'!$/I

#$. +*+-+$,#"% '$,+5"#* @#(,!"/: >)+ "+/1*, ,1"$/ !1, ,! 8+ #$

P?#/#?# @1$(,'!$ !@ ,)+ 4#"'#8*+ . = (;+ )! − ; .'4'.+. 8% #

.'/,'$51'/)+. B!*%$!-'#* B"!4'.+. ,)#, .+, * '/ $!, .'4'/'8*+ 8% :

>)1/ ,)+ /+(!$. @#-'*% 9M< (!-+/ @"!- # 1$'A1+ B/+1.!-+#/1"+ µ∗$

?)'() 8+(!-+/ # -+#/1"+ #@,+" -1*,'B*'(#,'!$ 8% #$ +OB*'(',

B!*%$!-'#* @#(,!" 9'$ ,)+ /+$/+ !@ ,)+ (!$4!*1,'!$ B"!.1(,<:

>)+$ ?+ .+.1(+ ,)#, 9J< .+,+"-'$+/ # 1$'A1+ B/+1.!-+#/1"+ ?',)

(!+C('+$,/ '$ Q[[(% ]] ?)!/+ -!-+$,/ #"+ 5'4+$ 8% ,)!/+ !@ ,)+(!+C('+$,/ 9M< 9#@,+" "+-!4'$5 @"!- ,)+ !1"'+" +OB#$/'!$

/ ($) =∑

$≥ '$+&(*$) #** * ?',) .+, * .'4'/'8*+ 8% <=

$> ,' 6 |#%& $

'

$

(

$ =

−&(&+$)/'∑

&

(

%&" %

% 6 |"#$ &(

(∈) !"# '

+

&

(−*

0/ )/ ($+(0/ )).

P$ ,)'/ ?#% # 6#.'( @#-'*% !@ 0'+5+*67'/+$/,+'$ /+"'+/ '/

5+!-+,"'(#**% B"!.1(+.:

!" #"$# %& #!'( #)*+ '( ,*%("*- ."*)#"/ #% #!)# '0

!##1233!)*4).,!'5"(6%75".#"(4&.3!)*6889::;<; ).='52 ><8?4@:A:

B%0#"0#(=

Q!-B*+O #$. 6#.'( -6@1$(,'!$/

6#.'( -+"!-!"B)'( (!$,'$1#,'!$ !@ ,)+ 0'+5+*67'/+$/,+'$ /+"'+/

R/+1.!-+#/1"+/ #$. ,)+'" S+**'$ ,"#$/@!"-

TBB*'(#,'!$ ,! S'$U!?/U'60'+5+* S#// (!$/,#$,/

V'$U ,! 0)#)'.'2/ -+,)!. '$ ,)+ (#/+ !@ 0V9J< #$. "+51*#" B"'-+

1",)+" #BB*'(#,'!$/= .!18*'$5 -+,)!. #$. PU+.#6S'%#?#U'

(!$/,"1(,'!$/

)

Page 4: 0 12 3 456 4714 - Université Grenoble Alpespanchish/moscou201211/moscou201211-v2.pdf/&)0!)%0&! )0*&0)!"#"$ &'()*(+)&%!"#$#%# &'%($)(* +!$,)("$#- .()!'/0)12 345467* 897:; ?(#$!

!"!#$%&'&!( $)*+' ,$-&. !,/+".'&*"(

!"#" "$%&' '() *%+,& )- .-/+0'%)+&

I1)234"$.5+546'%0 .-/+0'%)+& 78/4"# 3#),/0'&9

I!.5,%0 .-/+0'%)+& 7:"44%+ '#5+&-)#2& µ )- !.5,%0 2"5&/#"&9

;)'! 5#" /&", %+ )#,"# ') )<'5%+ 5 +/2<"# 7 .=54/"9 -#)2 5+

5/')2)#3!%0 -)#2> ?&/5446 &/0! 5 +/2<"# %& 54@"<#5%0 75-'"#

+)#254%A5'%)+9 =%5 '!" "2<",,%+@&

Q ↪→ C, Q ↪→ C

= Q̂

.

B)( ') ,"C+" 5+, ') 0)23/'" !.5,%0 .-/+0'%)+&D E" /&" :"44%+

'#5+&-)#2 )- 5 Z

.=54/", ,%&'#%</'%)+ µ )+ 5 3#)C+%'" @#)/3

" = 4%2

←!

"

!

, µ ∈ #$%&'(" ,Z

) = Z

[[" ]] = 4%2

←!

Z

["!

] =: Λ"

7'!" F(5&5(5 54@"<#5 )- " 9>

µ(() =

"

(())*µ, ( ∈ +

"

= !"#$%&

(" ,C∗

)

7'!" :"44%+ '#5+&-)#2 )- µ )+ " 9>

01$23%!( */ 3,$-&. 2!$(+#!( $"- !,/+".'&*"(

I" = Z

G +

"

= {χ&

: ) 7→ (H+ &)'}> !" :"44%+ '#5+&-)#2 µ(χ&) =

∫Z

(H+ &)'*µ()) )- 5+6 2"5&/#" µ )+ Z

%& @%="+

<6 '!" I2%0" '#5+&-)#2G (!%0! %& '!" -)44)(%+@ 3)("# &"#%"&

,µ(&) =∑

%≥

&

%

Z

()

-

)*µ()) =

Z

(H+ &)'*µ()),

">@> ,δ!

= (H+ &)(> !/&G #$%&'(Z

,Z

) ∼= Z

[[. ]]>I" = Z∗

= ∆× Γ = {) = δ(H+ !)) , δ −! = H, / ∈ Z

}+

"

= {θχ(&) | θ 2), !, χ(&)}G (!"#" χ(&)((H+ !))) = (H+ &)) G∆ %& '!" &/<@#)/3 )- #))'& )- /+%'6G Γ = H+ !Z

>

!" !.5,%0 :"44%+ '#5+&-)#2 µ(θχ(&)) =∫Z∗

θ(δ)(H+ &))µ())

)- 5 2"5&/#" µ )+ Z∗

%& @%="+ <6 '!" 0)44"0'%)+ )- F(5&5(5

&"#%"& 0θ,µ(&) =∑

%≥

1

%,θ&%

G (!"#" (H+ &)) =∑

%≥

(/

-

)&

%

G

1

%,θ =∑

δ "#$ , %≥

θ(δ)&% ·∫

Z

(/

-

)µ(δ(H+ !))).

II @"+"#54 %,"5 %& ') 0)+&'#/0' !.5,%0 .-/+0'%)+& ,%#"0'46 -#)2

J)/#%"# 0)"K0%"+'& )- 2),/45# -)#2& 7)# -#)2 '!" E!%''5*"#

-/+0'%)+& )- 5/')2)#3!%0 -)#2&9>

!

Page 5: 0 12 3 456 4714 - Université Grenoble Alpespanchish/moscou201211/moscou201211-v2.pdf/&)0!)%0&! )0*&0)!"#"$ &'()*(+)&%!"#$#%# &'%($)(* +!$,)("$#- .()!'/0)12 345467* 897:; ?(#$!

!"#$%& '!()* )+,-.$!/

!" #$% &'!(&) !* # $#+,"#- $,./)" ≥ 0 $!+ 1(2(3(/-) /% !4 +')")

)5(3+3 # !6#1(& .)#3,") µ

!$ Z∗!

4 3,&' +'#+ +') 37)&(#- 2#-,)3

ζ(0− ")(0− !

"− ) =

∫Z∗

#

"− $µ

0−

"

∈ Q, (" ≥ 8 )2)$ )

7"!1,&) +') 9,/!+#6:)!7!-1+ !6#1(& ;)+#6*,$&+(!$ ζ!

: %!

→ C!

<=')") %

!

= %Z∗

= &'(

#$%

(Z∗!

,C∗!

)> #3 +') !6#1(& ?)--($

+"#$3*!".

ζ!

()) =

∫Z∗

)(#)$µ

(#)

0− )( )=

*µ!

())

0− )( ),

=(+' # 3($@-) 3(.7-) 7!-) #+ ) = )

− !

∈ %

!

4 =')") C!

= Q̂!

+')

A#+) B)-14 +') &!.7-)+(!$ !* #$ #-@)/"#(& &-!3,") !* +') !6#1(& B)-1

Q!

4 ) ∈ %

!

<# C!

6#$#-%+(& :() @"!,7>4 )

!

(#) = # ∈ %

!

4 #$1

)(#) = χ(#)#"− #3 #/!2)C

!"#$%$&#'D ?#;,"E3 .)#3,") (3 @(2)$ /% µ

(+ + !

&Z!

)

=

[ '

!

"

]+ −

!

=

,

({ '

!

"

})− ,

( '

!

"

)4 ,

()) = ) −

!

4

3)) F:#$@? G4 H'CIJJJC

!"#$#"%&'( )*+'( (#,-',.*-'#, #/

ζ( − )( −! − ) !" #$% !&& '"()* +#,* +-* ./#0#/# 0*"(*0 !θ, (") !1 2#34"50

)*#04"* µ

/-*"* θ (0 # 6-#"#6+*" )!& 7

!θ, (") :=

Z∗

θ(#)χ(!)(〈#〉)µ

=∞∑

"=

$

"

"

" ∈ Z#

[["]], #$&

χ(!) : (8+ )$ 7→ (8+ ")$ , 〈#〉 = #

ω(#), ω +-* 9*(6-):;;*"

6-#"#6+*"< 2#34"50 ($+*="#; !1 +-* 6-#"#6+*" #

%−! = ω%−! · χ(!)0-!/0 +-#+ θ = ω%−!, (8+ ") = (8+ )%−!

ζ(8− %)(8−

%−!) =!θ, ((8+ )%−! − 8)

8− &

%

. >?@

A% +-* B*(*"0+"#00 '"*'#"#+(!$ +-*!"*) /* -#C* # &*6!)'!0(+(!$

!θ, (") = 'θ, (")(θ, (")

/(+- # &(0+($=4(0-*& '!;%$!)(#; (θ, (") #$& ($C*"+(D;* '!/*" 0*"(*0'θ, (")< 9-* ($C*"0(!$ !1 >?@ 1!" #$% *C*$ % ≥ E =(C*0 F

8

ζ(8− %)(8−

%−!)= !θ, ((8+ )%−! − 8)−!(8− &

%).

!

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!" #$%&"'( )*' #$+ ,'-." > / #$0 "1"$ ! ≥ /

! "#$ %&''&( )* +(,!,(, %-)." &) &) =

= (/ + !) − / 0 1 0$0

23 , 0 !" )*-!#$0 4&'3)&5 ,'6

/

ζ(/− ")(/− !

− )=

#

∗θ,!((/ + !) − − /)(/− $

)

%θ,!((/ + !) − − /)789

=#

∗θ,!((/ +

)(/ + !)− − /)(/− $

)

%θ,!((/ +

)(/ + !)− − /)

(# .# ! 5$:&5&:4# . ) "#$ -) " 0 !. &% "#$ 1,: ,2'$

= (/ + !) − / ( "# , ;) "$ )-52$: &% 4&'$! 7$<4:$!!$0 1 , :&&"!

&% %θ,!9 %&: θ = ω − = ,)0

#

∗θ,!((/ + !) − − /) := //#θ,!((/ + !) − − /).

>#$ ,2&1$ %&:5-', 55$0 ,"$'3 $<"$)0! "& ,'' ? : .#'$" &@%-)." &)!

&% .#,:,."$:! χ 5&0 !

"

,! "#$ %&''&( )* +(,!,(, %-)." &) 0 1 0$0

23 , 4&'3)&5 ,'6

/

&(/− " , χ)(/− χ(!)! − ) =#

∗θ,!(χ(/ + !)(/ + !) − − /)(/− χ($)$ )

%θ,!(χ(/ + !)(/ + !) − − /)

(#$:$

#

∗θ,!(χ(/ + !)(/ + !) − − /) := /

#θ,!(χ(/ + !)(/ + !) − − /)

2334%5'#5-*$( $4."'-6#3 1#34"% *) ζ(7− /!)− (7−

! − )−

)*' = 89

*4 A !"#$%&$'()* +,-(.&/!0(10#2&,-()-&%+$3&,-(+%)45&$36)))7

*4 A 4BCDE

*4 A %&:7FB/=74@/9GH= 4: )"7HIF= J$",4/74=F999

H" ζ(/− H")− (/− !

! − )−

H H8 + HK ∗ CD + HK ∗ CD

! + HK ∗ CD

" + HK ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

K L + C ∗ CD + L ∗ CD

" + C ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

M D + CN ∗ CD + CM ∗ CD

! + CM ∗ CD

" + CM ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

O /O + M ∗ CD + '(CD

$)

/N /M + CC ∗ CD + CM ∗ CD

! + CM ∗ CD

" + CM ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

/H O + H8 ∗ CD + HO ∗ CD

! + HC ∗ CD

" + '(CD

$)

/K H8 + CM ∗ CD + CM ∗ CD

! + CM ∗ CD

" + CM ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

/M M + /M ∗ CD + C/ ∗ CD

! + HL ∗ CD

" + HN ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

/O C + K ∗ CD + /N ∗ CD

! + CH ∗ CD

" + H8 ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

HN // + /C ∗ CD + /L ∗ CD

! + CM ∗ CD

" + /H ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

HH / + HM ∗ CD + /8 ∗ CD

! + C8 ∗ CD

" + L ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

HK /M + HO ∗ CD + HK ∗ CD

! + HD ∗ CD

" + C/ ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

HM K + /D ∗ CD + H8 ∗ CD

! + H8 ∗ CD

" + /L ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

HO HH + CM ∗ CD + O ∗ CD

! + K ∗ CD

" + CC ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

CN HH + 8 ∗ CD + C8 ∗ CD

! + L ∗ CD

" + 8 ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

CH CM ∗ CD

− + HO + C ∗ CD + /L ∗ CD

! + /O ∗ CD

" + '(CD

#)

CK HN + CD + CN ∗ CD

! + /8 ∗ CD

" + HH ∗ CD

# + '(CD

$)

CM CM ∗ CD + HL ∗ CD

! + C8 ∗ CD

" + 8 ∗ CD

# + CD

$ + '(CD

%) !

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(

θ,#(< ) ∈ Z'

[< ] $-# ?:$1$:$ 1'82'1 @(θ,#(< ) ∈ Z'

[[< ]] 1="(

,($, ,(' *A8'7=5$8 *$8, $

(')#

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$

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θ,#((I+ *)!−! − I)

>

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θ,#((I+ *)!−! − I)

:2,( $ 4-2,' -=).'8 06 *05'1 '9*8'11'# 32$ ,(' 800,1 06 >

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)

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,8!7 %&! +!% +

!

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× 4!%(G()"− + !

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%&! "#+! ,1 2/(G) ",77!+.,04+ %, , = ?B

#

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4

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(

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'

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$

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Z#

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ψ

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L/,%,G/-A

*

(() =

{

(B− ψ$

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M$

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M$

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(() ∈ Z#

[[(]].

&

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θ,!(%)

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ψ$

))

× $θ"

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[%/!]∏

&=

$θ "− # ,$ (() + #)!#−!&− − ))

= () + (% − ))δ(ω#−!

ψ$

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×[%/!]∏

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δ(ω#−!

ψ$

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{

), -" ω#−!

ψ$

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) + (% − ))δ(ω#−!

ψ$

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{

%, -" ω#−!

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), #!'*+%-&*.0

! +*1(-2& !# 2#!-3* !'(! 4-5*+*2! 3'#-3*& #" (

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[[ ]] ,% ,7" )7%5" 6('-,*%+ 8"5$ LA1

B7" !C'$*- &"(%&%(<7*- 6#+-,*%+

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%

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θ,!((D+ !)# − D)=$

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θ,!(&)

%

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θ,!(&),

*! ',,'-7"$ ,% '+ "><5*-*, <!"#$%&"'!#("E

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S! (χ )

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θ,"((3+ #)% − 3). !

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!"#$"%&'( (#)*%&+(%'#)

!" #$ %&&'( ")! *+"!,&-'%"*-+ ")!-,!. /0)!-,!. 12 "- %'' ")!

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!

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#

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!−ψ

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"/ #=! (!−

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!

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#=! (!− !− #−!), & -99,

%+9 /1:2 ;!3-.!$ % <=!-.!",*3>%'=!;,%*3 !?#%'*"(< -@ "6- @%.*'*!$

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)

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'*-(.3* '*+ 1"$.+, () '*+ ).!&'%(!, BIG "' "

= (C+ ) − CH )(-# = $ H "!0 # = E, J, . . . , E$ − E7

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%&'()*%+,- +,""'.'/0 1,2/ "1/ -) /-"3 "1," "1/-/ ,-/

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!

%, '*+

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$

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$

= E

−$ζ(C− $)$− ∏

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ζ(C− E$ + E') = (−C)$ C$

E$

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C

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21%'1&-(%!"2 #.)+&.51*) &(") = &θ(") = '

"

"

" + · · ·+ '

9

!"

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> C /.$ C ≤ ( ≤ ) − 09 *&2 !"

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- &

7 &

8 &

9 :8;&' &<

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&- :&>&' &= -9>' &= @;>' &= 8&?' &= 8;&' -= >8&?' &=

7>98?' &<

&7 :&(>' &= &>&' &= -9>' &= @;>' &= 8&?' &= 8;&' &=

>8&?' &= 7>98?' &= 8@?; >&' &= --;7?;?' &<

&8 :&(>' &= &>&' &= -9>' &= @;>' &= 8&?' &= 8;&' &=

&?-&' &= >8&?' -= ;>7;' &= 7>98?' &= >8-;(>' &=

8@?;>&' &= --;7?;?' &= &((&-@;99&' &<

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>8-;(>' &= 8@?;>&' &= --;7?;?' &= >(@(8@;-?' &=

&((&-@;99&' &= &@&8-98;?@@&' &<

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8;&' &= &?-&' &= >8&?' &= ;>7;' &= 7>98?' &= >8-;(>'

&= 8@?;>&' &= --;7?;?' &= >(@(8@;-?' &= &((&-@;99&' &=

&@&8-98;?@@&' &= &@7-&(-(@;;&88&' &=

-8>&@-?&@@>(@>7??>?>' &<

"

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# (* , $) =:

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+

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