Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ...

8
e Z Ë ; Z £ ¼ Z g £ Z g Š z Ô D - E g ; W s â e g y + ? ç J E E Ô Z s x W ! * Š Z g Š z ~ ã ï X Z q - c * C _ · ÿ 7 5 8 1 Y Ð 7 4 9 1 Y J - þ Dr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University of Modern languages, Islamabad Abstract: Owing to the War of Independence, 1857 is an important year in the history of the Sub-Continent. It was the year in which not only Mughal Empire collapsed but also almost a thousand years long Muslim rule in India declined. The impacts of this historical event can be found on every aspect of life, especially Urdu language which went through a great phase of change and development. In the history of Urdu language, the years between 1857 and 1947 are considered very critical and significant. This paper studies the evolution of the Urdu language during these ninety years. 7 5 8 1 Y y z * y Å @ * g õ ~ Z q - ( , ~ p ~ » w ì X Z k w h ! * Š ÷ á > Ø » Š z g » ƒ Z Z z g ' , ¤ â ~ g Z ` » ª x ¿ ~ W c * X Í * z y Ð I Z g Š z ~ ã ï Æ Z q - ( , } { à Z Ï g Z ` Æ ª x Æ a Å Y ã z Z à à @ V Æ Ú ø ~ Š ¬ Y * * e c X Z ô m , z V Å y z * y ~ è I Z z g ( Ï ' , F , ~ Æ a F œ - V 6 , » z Ø V ~ Ð Z q - Ô Œ V Å £ ò i ! * â V Ð z Z / q Ý * * Ì å X Z Ï » z l Æ © ] Z z g £ ò 6 , Z  V 6 , ï » Ÿ Z , V ä Ë Ì Š z g ~ I U 7 Š c * X § { m Z g Š z Æ j Z á Ð Z y Å Š p ú c * V g Z z g t I O ƒ Ç ā Z k i ! * y Å ƒ Z z g ¨ g z p n ä Z y Æ ( Ï ' , F , ~ Æ p Z [ Ã Ñ q Ò ¨ ä ~ i ' , Š æ Š Û Z ë Å X y z * ã ú Z x Z z g p Z m Å « à ' Z z g Z y Æ i z g Z z g $ z g ~ Æ j Z ß V Å I { ¢ 8 Z , V ä Z Ï i ! * y Å z ¦ Ð 5 X Z V g z , œ ~ Z z g Z k Ð I Æ i â ä ~ Ò * * ] Z g Š z Z ô m , z V Å è ƒ ð à ~ Z , j Z á  X ÷ Ô X ~ Z g Š z Æ Z M V Å ! * " $ Ò y H Š H ì Z z g Z , Æ £ ò > Æ ; V Ì ñ Š ¸ Ô p } Ì Z g Š z Z z g y ~ Æ Z µ Z µ ƒ ä Å ! * ] 7 X t Ø ˜ Z Þ , œ ~ Æ Z z Z b ~ ¯ g ^ z @ » Ò Æ P à g x Ð g h Z Š H Ô Y è Z [ Z ô m , z V à Z K å ( Ï ' , F , ~ Æ w » ¢ ƒ ` å X Z k 2 w à ¢ q Ý ä Æ a w " Z , V ä Z ( g K Ô Z y ~ Ð Z q - ã ã C Š z V 6 , ¸ & Ì å X Z Þ , œ ~ Z z g â ˆ Z g Š z ã ï Æ K ~ t ç n ) © à Z Ì » q ï ì Ô Y è Z k ç A ä g C g C y z * ã ` Z Þ , j Z á Ð W t t W I X ~ Z q - i ' , Š õ g " Å ª a Z Å Z z g C Ù Š z Z ¸ Z x ) y Z z g y z ( i ! * y Æ 7 9

Transcript of Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ...

Page 1: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

eZË;Z£¼Zg£ZgŠzÔD-Eg;Wsâegy–+?ç

JEEÔZsxW!*Š

ZgŠz~—ãïXZq-‹c*C_·ÿ7581YÐ7491YJ-þ

Dr. Zafar Ahmed

Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University of Modern languages, Islamabad

Abstract: Owing to the War of Independence, 1857 is an important year in the

history of the Sub-Continent. It was the year in which not only Mughal Empire

collapsed but also almost a thousand years long Muslim rule in India declined. The

impacts of this historical event can be found on every aspect of life, especially Urdu

language which went through a great phase of change and development. In the

history of Urdu language, the years between 1857 and 1947 are considered very

critical and significant. This paper studies the evolution of the Urdu language during

these ninety years.

7581Yyz*yÅ@*gõ~Zq-(,~p~»‚wìXZk‚wh!*Š÷á>Ø»Šzg»ƒZZzg',¤â~gZ`»ªx¿~Wc*XÍ*zyÐIZgŠz~—ãïÆZq-(,}{ÃZÏgZ`ƪxÆaÅYãzZàÃ@VÆÚø~Š¬Y**ecXZôm,zVÅyz*y~èIZzg(Ï',F,~ÆaFœ-V6,”»zØV~ÐZq-ÔŒVÅ£òi!*âVÐzZ/qÝ™**ÌåXZÏ»zlÆ�©]Zzg£ò6,Z™ÂV6,ﻟZ,VäËÌŠzg~IU7Šc*X�§{mZgŠzÆjZáÐZyÅŠpúc*Vg„ZzgtIOƒÇāZki!*yŃZzggzpnäZyÆ(Ï',F,~ÆpZ[ÃÑqÒ™ä~i',Š„æŠ�ÛZëÅXyz*ãúZxZzgpZmÅ‚«Ã'ZzgZyÆizgZzg$zg~ÆjZßVÅI{¢8Z,VäZÏi!*yÅz‚¦Ð5XZVgz,œ~ZzgZkÐIÆiâä~

Ò**]ZgŠz Zôm,zVÅèƒðÃ~Z,jZáÂX÷ÔX~ZgŠzÆZMVÅ!*"$ÒyHŠHìZzgZ,Æ£ò>Æ;VÌñ�ŠÔp}ÌZgŠzZzgy~ÆZµZµƒäÅ!*]7XtØZÞ,œ~ÆZzZb~¯g^z@»ÒÆPÃgxÐghZŠHÔYèZ[Zôm,zVÃZKå(Ï',F,~Æ”w»¢ƒ`åXZk2wâqÝ™äÆa�w"Z,VäZ(gKÔZy~ÐZq-—ããCŠzV6,&ÌåXZÞ,

œ~ZzgâZgŠz—ãïÆK~tçn)©àZÌ»qïìÔYèZkçAägCgCyz*ã�`ZÞ, jZáÐWt‚tWIX ~Zq-i',Š„õg"ŪaZÅZzgCÙŠzZZx)›yZzgyz(i!*yÆ

79

Page 2: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

œ~ÆWy~Û~!*kxZzg�,ÆÛZzw~!*<mZgŠzy~&ä—ãIt#~(0*ðX¸zzìā7581YƈZgŠz—ãï»Zq-(,ZzZgŠzi!*yňz|ÔZkÆW¸izZg»ÔZZŠzZg~ZkÆZ**ñVÔZ´V~ZkÅÙ½VÔ@*g]Z±gÐZg»ð%ÖVZzg£òi!*âVÐZkÆZ·ZuZzg

ZâZ`Åï6,FFìXZgŠzÆDÆa¼ŠZIVZzgZŠZgzV»ªxÌZÏ:©~ZKƒg‚rìXZÞ,œ~ZzgâZgŠz—ãï~pZzg!~»Zq-Zzg(,ZøuZgŠz»dzD+g+i!*yÆîg6,‚t

W**ìXt|zZãìāÓxF,#…VZzgç0+Z:gz-VÆ!*z�ŠÍ*zyÆZgŠzä"C{F,¹ÅX¬x1wewZzg÷á²~Åi!*yÐWÐ(,|™ZkädŠgoƒVÔ°ZrZzgZOòZŠZgzV~(0*ðXŠ‹»Ò~ExÅD+göÆaZÏi!*y»ZN[HŠHXYe¢6©gW!*ŠŠÁZzgZ¥/|›»ÒZzg-Eg;~Zki!*yÃfg$œî G0!½¯c*ŠHXôDZzgZš#CR6,ZEwäZgŠzÅF,¹Ã'×h+(,JzZŠc*ZzgƒÐ(,|™tādzZŠ!jZßVÐ�~£?~ZgŠz„ÃZ(gHYäÎXZk(,~RÆ’uÅ$+zªZgŠz~—ãî]ŧsgÉ(,SZzg¸zzìāZkŠzg~èYäzZàZgŠzZ°ÅÃZzg]¡¬g°âÎÅ7ÔÉdãCŠ,gBb÷X@*g]z»©Y,zV~

Ìd¤ÏZzgk6ÃW@*ìXtiâ:Oîg6,ZgŠzi!*yZzg_Åœî0i!*yÆjZáÐSàZÌ»qïìX!*<m�,œ~ÆÛZzw»iâ:ZgŠz—ãïÆjZáÐ}ŠzgÅwg‚rìX

ZkŠzg~Zôm,!{3¨4èEE

GEŧsЗãî]»Yg~öZL§£œÆ�Yg~g;ZzgFZëZZZZ}}}}eeeeÖÖÖÖ~~~~yyyyzzzz****ããããXXXXZZZZ‹‹‹‹ÔÔÔÔ ¸]Ôµ3ïG

EL¸Z°Zzg—ãY,}%A$ƒ™÷áùƒñXZke~e&½èEEÃg'Å

EEEEZZZZ‹‹‹‹ ,·6681YZëìXeZËZŒÚ¢5ÒèE

GEÅeg]ÔX~Ð3881Y~TƒäzZà ZZZZ‹‹‹‹XXXXyyyyzzzz****ããããZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzzXXXX»»»»yyyy~~~~ZZZZhhhhZZZZ‹‹‹‹ ZZZZ}}}}eeeeÖÖÖÖ~~~~WWWWssss ic*Š{ZÌÅqïìXYyK&Ò54ø FGHÅ@*; yyyyzzzz****ããããeeeeÖÖÖÖ~~~~

)4881Y(»£xÌ—ìXà:Ÿ]ZÆZ&+c*vÆ-g85i}Æa%A$ƒð‰X!*z�ŠZkÆZÒ~1wewÅi!*yÃÃZ0+ZiHŠHìX9¸]�ZL°zzVÅÇ~%A$ƒNZzg-VdjZáÐ$zgg{IXeZË¢5Òè

EGEZzgYyK&Ò54ø FGHŸ]×4÷ÿ1þXeZË¢5Òè

EGEäZŠ!i!*yÅOñ¬xßÍVÅi!*y6,

Âz%Ãig¿ìX&Ò54ø FGHäZK@*;~ZÖpZgŠzÔŠ-**¤/~ZzggzðgÌZ�~Šg`™äÆZyÆçãZôm,~~Š�÷XCÙÂÅZÝZzgZkÅIŠc*]ÆjZáÐÌcňìXZkÅÅšï �EGZKS:]ÅzzÐic*Š{!*ZßwÔ»ïÔYìZzg»ŠìXÿ2þñß~†Z/Ì&Ò54ø FGHŹÃic*Š{z¯B¸XZkäZÖpÆsV~ic*Š{

,Š~ìZzgZyÆâ~.ZzgZÝÅïÌÅìXÿ3þà:ÅP™{¸]Zôm,~i!*y~ƒäÆ:L�Zq-{m6Æa„ƉX›y¹âÁVÅZÒe$ZkuâñÐn7ƒg„¶XZ%!*ßZôîg

����ÛÛÛÛ44445555ëëëë XXXXEEEEYYYYLLLL ŠŠ~äˆ~ 6,„#ÔZgŠz¹â+ÃÌÃZ+{Vg;åÔ}:¢5ÒèE

GEŹ~�gçzy»x™äzZá¦Z£

89

Page 3: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

@*;ÅXŠzu~Y+$y~Zzg©]Ƭ>VäZy¸]ÐÃZ+{QV**Ñzq™Šc*åX WWWW////ÆÄZyÐZq-Â[%A$ÅX ZZZZ¨KKKKeeeebbbbcccc****WWWWssssZZZZ&&&&++++zzzzWWWWgggg++++jjjjßßßßYYYY Š*yWgc*ði!*âVÆ01&Îæ

ZkÂ[~yz*ãi!*âVÆ»©_¬Æ´z{ZyÅ‚|#Zzg@*gõz){6,ÌgzÝeZàˆìX0981Y~›Wg"5ÿ FJä6,Z™]¤/Zλ»©Y,{Zq-Â[Åßg]~1X6,Z™Ci!*âV6,Wg"5ÿ FJ»»©_·—ã$©�î EG

0ó{ZZZZÚÚÚÚzzzzŠŠŠŠ ÐZkaZë¦gHY@*ìÔYèZk~Zyi!*âVÅZßZ]z){»‹c*Cz»©_·−HŠHìX

**òÂ[Æ'Z}XÏXzz‚÷XZk~Ì6,Z™Ci!*âVÅ—ãS:]6,cňìX WWWWssss6666,,,,ZZZZ™™™™]]]]ZkÆ´z{ZkÂ[~n{n{i!*âVÆZŠ[ÐZ½‚]Ì÷áïK‰÷XZkeÅZ‹Zëš/~Yy

ìXZkÂ[Å&¢,÷ZzgWy~¢»_0îE0Z÷á®)9781YìX ]]]]....hhhh++++yyyyWWWWggggcccc****ððððiiii!!!!****ââââVVVV»»»»»»»»©©©©____···· #-,ç EGEÅÂ[Yy#-,ç EGEä‚]ZëyWgc*ði!*âVÔX~y~ZzgXàÌ÷áï÷ÔÅZ°ÔZ]4¨é IGGª]Zzg@*gõ»½7gY,{

5781Y~÷áùƒðXZkÆñ³ZöXZÝXñv÷XZk¤/Z%~y~Zzg',` yyyy~~~~iiii!!!!****yyyyÅÅÅŤ¤¤¤////ZZZZ%%%% 7HìXÜi!*âVÅ—ãS:]6,cñ�ŠìXZyÆ´z{ZVgz,ZzgZÞ,œ~~yz*ãZzg%æELRÅŠv

i!*âVŃÆaà:ä-g8i!*âV~¼Šg‚áZzgÂÁ’k,XXaè9-g8¬>VÆ&4øFGILÃ

ÑHi!*yŤ/Z%�§%:ñ�Š¶ÔZkaz{ÑH¸Z°Æi%æGLZW,yz*ãi!*âVÃKÅÃÒ™D÷XeZËLLŠáäZK¸Z°~Z˜q]ÜsZôm,~~Š~ Z1ZÎœjÔŠáÅÂ[»Y,{feƒñgBZi÷:

÷ZzgZyÆZgŠzc*ÃgÏáZŠÃ]Šg`7K÷XZkiâä~Zôm,~i!*yÆZ°âÁV6,ÑHÆZßßVZzgÂí]»ZW,ZÚ÷ZåāZÒz9¸Z°ÅÂ1V~Z¹Ã�gè%:&4øFG

ILÃg3Y@*åZzgZ˜q]Ìz„ZEwƒC‰XOçÿ4þ ¨ù¦ŠáÅZ°ÌZôm,~Z°â+»%:ìXóó

6gDyŠvÃÆK~ÌÃW@* yyyyzzzz****ãããã¸ZZZZ°°°° ¸Z°óg~Æe~ŠáÅZôm,~Â[Å ìXŒVtf™"Y:ƒÇāŠv£òi!*âVÅÚZgŠz&z{y~Ôyz~c*yz*ã‰**ñVÐågD÷Ô

Y+$à:Å{mÂzg„XZkÅzzÑi˜¶āyz*y~gZòZ\½›V~ZÐZq-úc*V£xqÝåXtyz*yÆZë´V~ßÍVÅâŠg~i!*y¶ZzgZq-(,}{~gZÆÅi!*yÆîg6,gZò¶Xà:Åyz*ãi!*âV~ŠpZzg—ãî]Æ:6,Š{£œÐ¢‹ü

GLÃZyÆiZzgZÊ~UîV6,ÃÅ

YãecXz‰ÜäU*"$Hāt—ã»z/£òi!*âVÅF,¹ÆaΊqU*"$ƒNXÃ(Linguistic Survey of India) ————****CCCCYYYY^,,,,{{{{yyyy 3091Y~÷áùƒäzZà¤/k,ÍÅ"

yz*ã—ãï~Zq-_5ëEYLéÅwqÝìXu»§',¤6Åu6,4~åƒäzZáZk6,z�~¤/k,ÍZzgZyÆ‚¹Väyz*y~gZògK(,~i!*âV»-Y,{7HìXèÃg{Â[ŠHg{¢zV6,

99

Page 4: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

y~i!*yÅ$©{5ÿG�E

GZkÅâ,¢~QìX¤/k,ÍÅÂ[]pçVZzg{ñVÆ‚BW`Ì / ŒìXZgŠzyyyyWWWWggggcccc****ððððXXXXzzzzhhhh++++ y*ã—ã_¬ÅZë2wÑgƒCìX4391Y~�ÛZúâCÙ—y沚vÅZq-Â[>Zy:

TƒðXyWgc*ði!*âV6,tZyÅŠ~Â[¶X ÐÐÐÐ]]]]....hhhh++++iiiiââââääääJJJJ----%A$ÅXZk¹Åi!*yÃgÏìZzgZgŠzZÖpÆçãÃgÏ ÑÑÑÑZZZZÉÉÉÉ 4481Y~÷Zg—©~ä

9681YÌZϧiŹìX*iZ ÎÎÎÎõõõõZZZZBBBB]]]] ~ZzgáZŠsÃgÏz²!~Š�‰÷XZzuZ−+ìZòÅ~ZgŠzõzZg]zZ˜q]ÅÃgÏ~=ôÅ &&&&yyyyZZZZÏÏÏÏzzzzggggZZZZ]]]] )6881Y(ZzgÒlyYÑwŹ &&&&ÈÈÈȯZZZZZZZZ++++ áÅ

)4581Y(Æ**xÐ »»»»uuuu**** ˆìXZgŠzZ°~Z¶KYZv{yÆñß~Z£ZäZ’ZðâλZq-g‚!;TƒðX4ðÅÂ[ZgŠzZ°.Å ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz gggg‚‚‚‚!!!!ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLÜÜÜÜsssszzzzèèèè @*;HXZÏ‚wñß~Zâxj4ðŠŠ~ÅÂ[

Zh»zlìXZÞ,œ~ÆÛWy~D+g+¢zgÂVÆ�¸Z°6,F»x‚tWñXZ°â+ÅZyÃ@V~dZ0+Z¯„»hZyÃW@*ìXZy~Љò!zÃgÏZ°â+ÅÇ~@*;ƒð÷Ô²¼6,-g8ZW,Z]úc*V÷Xÿ5þ

»ÑgZgŠzÅR¸]~ƒ@*ìXZk¹Æló~ÅýL ����ÛÛÛÛ44445555ëëëë XXXXEEEEYYYYLLLLWWWW//// 8091Y~TƒäzZà¹Æ**xÐ0091Y~÷áùƒ_¶ DDDDZZZZuuuuyyyy ¹)¦Z£ŠŠ~(ä—ã)b6,ÌcÅìXtcÂ!ßg]~

�F,çZzgZŸ¯VÆló~÷áïƒðXZkc~i!*yÅZ’Z!ÆjZáÐÌZyÆìÑ]ñ�Š÷X¦Z£Æ_.Zk»xÅZ’Z!ZKyäH×WzZi,ï%ÐÅXˆ~qDZŠZ™ä6,Šg]qÝÅXZLZgŠz¤/Š

ñ�ŠYâgzVZzgŠvZâÆaZ�HgKZzgWy~ZdwzäKX¦Z£ŠŠ~äZgŠzÆW¸iÆ!*[~ZKgZñªCÙ™Dƒñ¬Â·@WiZŠÅgZñÐZ·tHìÔªZÐ',`ÅeŒÛZgŠŠc*ìÔZkÆ‚B‚BZБo

~%iZÎyZ£Æ—ãìÑ]‚tWD÷XZ,Väi!*yÅ°p7™äÆ´z{ iiii!!!!****yyyy i!*yÌB÷XLLi!*y¾ZÅ:ö XWì�ZKyZL‚BŠ*~á™Wc*åÔpZKã ZkÅZ’ZÆjZáÐÌcÅìXZyÆ_.:

ÿ6þ%iZÎyZ£äŠv—ãñç¬]6,ÌcÅì ó]ÅzzÐZk~Z%saZƒZZzgFi!*3z�Š~WNXóó4291YZq-(,Z—ã ââââggggZZZZBBBB]]]] ÔpZyÅ9!*'].h+—ãî]ÅOñŠ*Z0+ZizV6,FF÷Xñß~âgZd.Å

õzg}ŶK0+„™äÆ´z{Zk»ZÝjZ!ÌŠc*ìÔ2ázuZÖp / »g**)ìXñß~™r#äZgŠz~gZòÂÅz„Ì÷á$ÿLÂ[ìXZÞ,œ~Å9Zzg�,œ~ÅZ’Zð¸]»gz!*g~¢zgÂVÆ�@*;Å

IXZq-¬x‡g~ÅZyТzg'Â7g~ƒYC÷ÔpZq-[Zzg—*]ЊpgppzZáÅ„7ƒCXÿ7þZy¸]6,ZL°zà:¹ógzV»ZW,Ìúc*VìXZgŠz¹âö-gà¹âÁVŸ]Ã&4øFG

ILÃgÄ

LLZgŠz~Z[J-�¹ÅÂÁKˆ÷ÔZy~ZÒtƒZìāZq- : ñß~†Z/Æ–w ™]%A$™gì÷X

001

Page 5: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

ÿ8þ äŠzu}ÐZzgŠzu}äŠ}ÐÜ™àìZzg¼ZK§sÐZŸ†Ì™Šc*ìXóóì�4091Y IIIIbbbbZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° �,œ~ÅZ’ZðŠ;ÇV~‚tzZàZ°~Ðúc*VF,+ñß~ì·Å

~TƒðXeZËZ1ZÎœjÆ_.:“¸çLq¢ÅZÒz9Z°ÅÂÁYßO~™r#ÅÂ[ÂtgÄ™%A$ƒð÷Xÿ9þ�,œ~ÆW¸i~ñß~†Z/Åó}.â]‡&ÿELf™÷XZyÐܽÃe7Xñß~

ƒÐ¬4191Y~ZÜø6,ö©ÐZ³F,�öGLZgŠzÆi%æGLZÈx÷áùƒðXZk ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz †Z/Å"™Š{

¸Z°ÅÂ[ùZÌq݃ðÔYèZgŠzi!*y~tZq-pzg]ZŸ†åXZkÂ[~ZgŠzÆÜszè6,gzÝeZàˆZzgZbZñ¯xÅÓxZlxÃ-Z0+Zi~7HŠHXZk~¸Z‘åLZgŠzƲ!zÃgÏÁÜ»ÌZq©H

gzZî§jÆOñdZ0+ZiÐ%ûÂ[ìXñß~†Z/ä²! ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ŠHìXZϧbñß~†Z/ÅÔÃgÏèÅÇ7ÅÔÉ].h+ZßwZ°â+‚tgnpƒñZgŠzÆeJ‘Zzg—ãS:]Æ_.ƒ

LLñß~†Z/ ¸Z°@*;ÅìXZ°6,Zk§bÆ»xÅVwŠvyWgc*ði!*âV~7QXÿ01þ–ÁŠg]Ý~:äTÕ6,ZgŠzZ°%A$KÔZâæ]¦/gYäÆÌÃðÃÒZ+Ã7WCā¹Ynāt»xWÐ(,JìX

ÿ11þ !zZg~%jxärÑzqHåXpZy»»xZŠðgZìÔåƒY@*Â÷áh+Ãð!*]0YCXóóÔ°w õõõõzzzzggggZZZZ]]]]zzzzrrrrŠŠŠŠ§§§§ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz i!*yzÒyÅZ&bZzgïzW»tŸ',Z',WÐ(,kg;XOçZ÷fðä÷÷÷÷áááágggg^ ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz Ô2%iZ·;Š~gÎZäƒÐ« ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ZzgZq-g‚! ÆÆÆÆZZZZÈÈÈÈZZZZ ©~äE+Pz@*-MÆ)b6,g‚!

z){Z+ÂÁKÔX YYYYÈÈÈÈZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz Zzg ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ZZZZßßßßÁÁÁÁ Ô ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLL÷÷÷÷ Ô ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLiiii!!!!****ÈÈÈÈZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz Ô ZZZZ&&&&————iiii!!!!****ÈÈÈÈZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz Ô !!!!****yyyyŠŠŠŠZZZZãããã Zzg‚]©~äi íííí6291Y~‚tWðXèÃg{ WWWW&&&&4444èèèè

JJJJGGGGEEEELLLLZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz »E+™{ZgŠz—*]Å@*gõ~**¦/k,ìXÿ21þ·i+Z°$++�ÛYŠÃ@*â~Å@*;~ZgŠzÆ'×Z`ÂtgÄ™¹ÐZñg ŠŠŠŠggggcccc****ññññ®®®®ÄÄÄÄ Â[ÌZgŠzZ°.ÅZhÃÒìXZ¶KYZv{yZ¶K!ä

ÒyK÷XZyÆZ3ÿXLDä²!zÃgÏZ°»â™Dƒñ¼ÂÁKÔX»ic*Š{F,Ñ¥ÅgÉðåXƒÐic*Š{YìtÅìZzgZk~Ãð—7āz{Zkñçq6,Zq- IIIIbbbbZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° ñß~ì·YßO~ÅÂ[

LZ¤/pïZzgi!*yÆ'×Z`zu`Åp~ä¹ÐZñg$+weZá÷Ô1LLIbZÁZ°æ»_·W` ZhÂ[ìXLÿ31þ ÌZÊe$Ð{à7XtÂ[4091Y~©¬x6,WðZzgZkÅ°pZkŠzgÆ**ñg¬>VZzgZŠ'VäÅìXóó

ЈÆ%÷Ìpì™Dgì÷Xi+Z°$++÷_Å%ûZ°ÅÂ[ IIIIbbbbZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° ì·YßO~Å~«!*gZ°óg~»Z0+Zi$+ÑŠH ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzzZZZZ°°°° ~«%ûgZÓ¬xÐZµƒ™ÎWÅÃÒňìXñß~†Z/Å

ìX²!ÃgÏZ0+ZiÆ‚B‚BZôm,~Z°ÆZ0+ZiÃÌ÷áï™1ìXŠg]Ý~Æ_.:Zy~ÐZq-ÌLL²! ZgŠzŤ/Z%7ìXz{VßVÆfg)²!ZzgZgŠzZ°~Z%Ã]ŶK0+„™D÷XZy»Z+Ñwìā:

~]gìÔpZgŠz~Zk§b»Ãð]g7Ô6ā²!~ìāTÐZ�!zZdw‘W÷XZgŠz~pŠ]gZq-âŠ}Ðú0*@*ìXŠ9»âŠ{LŠNóìÔ�¾qwZÏ~]ZdwzZ�~!*¹gLìXZkâŠ}6,L**óΙZq-Z̯c*

101

Page 6: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

ÿ41þ ŠHìÔ&Z°~Z˜b~]g¹ŠHìXt¹VJ-Šg„ì?óóZgŠzÆW¸izZg»ÆjZáÐPZëî]»¿E+™{Zk_¬~÷áï™**Æ¥xƒ@*ìXªÄ

!!!!****rrrrzzzz····gggg 0*ÎyJ-Zkñçq6,‡&ÿELf™lZg~»xMìX1081Y~¯g^z@»ÒÆÒ÷ZðŠŠ~ÅÂ[TƒðTÆló~¸³äZgŠzi!*yÅZ’ZÆjZáÐZKWgZ!7XX÷™r#äZgŠzÃ÷á~ãÇ~ú0*äzZàZq-‘pi!*yŒÛZgŠc*�Š‹~Zi!*âVÆ!*bZ%pÐz�Š~WðXÿ51þ÷ZðŠŠ~Æiâä~4ìtZq-úZògZñ¶Ô&Z,Vä’k,~ßg]Š~XZk’k,ÆŒÛãZq-œ~J-ZgŠzÑoi!*y„ŒÛZgŠc*Y@*g;XZkŠzgZyyz*ãfÆ´z{à:ÌZgŠzÆK~ZÏßg]èqwЊzegÃWD÷X©ā¤/k,ÍäÌZ’Z!~ZgŠzÑoi!*y–ìXZ%ˆ~ZKtt™Dƒñz{ZkÅo™D÷X¤/k,Í»tZ‹Zṡ.ÞÂzìāZgŠzÅZ’ZÆ!*g}~Z,VäZCªÒy÷ZðÐOW,ƒ™Šc*åXÿ61þ¤/k,ÍäuegÖÑb»Ìf™HìÔ2Vä0881Y~«!*gZgŠzÆjZáÐ0*ðYäzZàZkß.ÊzgHX

~·@WiZŠäZgŠz WWWWƒƒƒƒ§§§§]]]] �,œ~J-Áz÷¸ª¬xg;X©ā2091Y~àŸzZàÂ[ÿ71þŠzu~Y+$ñÑ**WiZŠZgŠzÑo :LLøg~i!*yZgŠz',`¸÷áÐhìXóó »g',`¸÷áÐ�hDƒñ¹ā

i!*yÌB÷XWiZŠÆ_.ZgŠz»Šg|#Z¤/p©]Zzg¸÷áÅi}~QÇÔ1ÃgÏŃZ~u!ƒZXÿ81þ)0881Y(~ªCÙƒ@*ìXèÃg{Â1V~ WWWWƒƒƒƒ§§§§]]]] )7881Y(Zzg KKKKŠŠŠŠZZZZÈÈÈÈÃÃÃÃggggkkkk ·@WiZŠ»—ãÅgZyÅÃ

Àò—*]ÆIt#YWX÷XZ,VäZkÇÆ%zzªÏ¦gZ]Æö~Zq-5!*]²-BøGEÆ

_.øg~i!*yZgŠz',`¸÷áÐhìZzg',`¸÷á{Øyz*2!*yìXÿ91þZq-§sÂt4ìāWiZŠ].h+»©—*CcÐzZ�÷ZzgÃgÏZzg©]ÃZq-ŠZŠZÅZzÑŠŒÛZgŠï÷Ô²Šzu~Y+$ZgŠz»g',`Ð�hD÷Ôc*ZyÆ_.:yz*y~ÃgÏÆi%æGLZW,Zq-5i!*yZgŠzaZƒðXÿ02þŒVtNf‚~gecāZkçA~WiZŠZã]gzZg7ÔYèZkiâäÆ9âCÙ#èGEL—ÈZgŠzÆK~eZ„»DgZzgZБoi!*yB¸XWiZŠä—ãp=VÆjZáÐÌZÖ§ìwHìXZyÆ_.#g`ÐŒÛd$wzsW:~i$ÒûƒYD÷ZzgZ(Z—ã:©gppzZßVÆZ¡Iñß]~�ÛtÅzzЃ@*ìXÿ12þ

¸2qƒúŠèZãä ºººº[[[[~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ¸2Z−+;×Zzg ŠŠŠŠÁÁÁÁ~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz Zkßg]èqwë¯ä~4291Y~TƒðÔaèZ’ZðZgŠzZŠ[ÅVBŠÁ~ÃWC÷ÔZkaZK@*;~ ŠŠŠŠÁÁÁÁ~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ÌzeZÑX

;×™r#ZgŠz»gŠÁÆ´ºÐ�häÅÃÒ™D÷ÔqÑèZKÂ[~YOz{·oZzgîZ−+IÆZŠzZgÅ:q]ZzgÜkã»Ìf™™DƒñtÌë÷ā:ŠÁZgŠz»¸−7ƒYXÑàyz*yÐ

$›40î EGEqƒúŠèZãä‘oi!*yÔ',`¸÷á ÃgÏÔF,ÅÔº!zÑàyÅŠvi!*31%ŠÁ~W!*Šƒñ¸Xÿ22þ

201

Page 7: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

ZzgŠÁ~ZgŠz‰Ãc*]ÃgŠ™Dƒñº[Åi}ÃZgŠz»ZÝzíIZc*Xqƒ™r#ZLŠúòÅœZ‰ÜU*"$™äÆa@*g]z—ãŠÑb7™D÷XZ,Vä',`ZzgŠ0ÆOñº!ZzgZgŠzÆâÎñ�Š&Ò54è

IGG

QY¤/XXZgŠzZzgº!i!*yÆZ·Z»]»f™¤/k,ÍZzg¤/Zë9Ì™`¸XúŠèZ㻸�ÌzZã7ìXz{!*g!*gçâ~Z¯Z`»º[~ªxZzgˆZiZVŠ‹ì™ä»E+™{™D÷Xçâ~¯`~ZyÆ_.:F,ÅÔÃgÏZzgº!1%zZá÷áï¸�&i!*3ᙊ‹ãXz{pŠZkz‰ÜŠ‹ZzgpÃ]~1àYäzZà

~ZyŠzi!*âV»».Þ—*CÐic*Š{d ºººº[[[[~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz i!*yÔc*i!*âVÆ!*g}~ÌE+&+[»Dg÷Xÿ32þiZz-VÐHŠHìXaèZk~@*g]z»©—*]ÅZzA±ßg'0*ðYC÷ÔÅ<å XEZZkÅZÌZgŠz—*]

Æ_¬~å!*¹gìÏXº!ZzgZgŠzÆmÃñ�Š{—*C$©�î EG0ÃÐ6,3YñÂZyŠzi!*âVÆÜ°Ôè~

ZzgßCuâñ~§ŠZ]Åîsz„ÃWCì�ātU*"$™CìāCÙi!*y»Zq-»Š—ãuâtƒ@*ìZzg¸uâtZki!*y»'×Z`³™@*ìXÀ˜Zq-—ã{0+ZyÅi!*âVÆâÎœu—ãS:]ÃWC÷XZyœ»]ů6,Zy~âVe»g‡ì7ƒ@*XZ%“V»gƒYìXËÌi!*yÅZKºm—ãS:]̃C÷�ZÐZL{0+Zy~úc*V™C÷XZyi!*âVÅŠZ#Ö»çÌZyºm{÷VÆfg)HY@*ìXqƒúŠèZãäœu—ãÁÜ»».ÞÂ7HìÔpCÙŠzi!*âVÅS:]»-_·77HX-Vz{Zyi!*âVÆâÎgº»9Z0+Zi{7ÎnXZ,Vä:„ZyŠzi!*âVÅß»]»Y,{1Zzg:„ZyÆZg»ðZŠzZg6,ÃÅXZkÆ´z{Z,VäZyi!*âV»».Þ™DƒñŠväti!*âV6,ÌÂz7ÅXZyÅÃZgŠz

º!ÆÜ°Zzgè~Z·Z»]ZzgœufíÒZÖp6,g„XZy�Ûz*Z¤VÆ!*z�ŠqƒúŠèZãÆó»xÅZÌÆJ**Š+ÌZkÅZÌâ+6,6gƒñX-VOîg6,ÈMh÷ ºººº[[[[~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz ZK(›ìXŒVJ-ā

ÿ42þ ìXóó ºººº[[[[~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz LLZkŠzg~—*CﻃÐ(,Z»g**)6,zWèZãÅ ā:__________________________

jjjjZZZZáááá::::)l)(:Z³F,¹ZgŠzÔ™Zc:7791YX ¹¹¹¹LLLL 1Xñß~†Z/:

:i%ŠXÅÔÃ@:m833X ————ããããIIIItttt#### 2X2œjÔ6,zW::m62X ¹¹¹¹LLLL 3X

:%œ/~ZgŠz1geÔуg:1791Y:m9X YYYYììììZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° 4XZ1ZÎœjÔeZË::уgZOòÔуg:m91X ¸ZZZZ‘‘‘‘ååååLLLLZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz 5Xñß~†Z/::%[ZàÔуg:3891Y:m2X iiii!!!!****yyyy 6XÎyZ£Ô%iZ:

:ñß~†Z/ÔZ³F,�öGLZgŠzÔ™ZcX ¹¹¹¹LLLL 7XØ•!zZg~ÔeZË:¬gsÔ

301

Page 8: Ë Š Wx ZÔçE?E+J W E DÔz Š gZ Cc* q-ZX ïã zŠ gZtabeer.aiou.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Zafar-ahmad-T-1.pdfDr. Zafar Ahmed Lecturer Department of Urdu, National University

:Z³F,¹ZgŠzÔ™Zc:7791YX ¹¹¹¹LLLL 8XzÜs:%œ/~ZgŠz1geÔуg:6791YX YYYYììììZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° 9X

Ôzè:%œ/~F,¹ZgŠz1geÔуgX YYYYììììZZZZÁÁÁÁZZZZ°°°° 01XÝx½{yÔeZË:l)Ô)zŠzx(:Çg{òi!*yÔZsxW!*g:8891Y:m392X ————ããã㣣££ÑÑÑÑ]]]] 11XŠg]Ý~Ô¦)%û(:

%û¦gzbZÑ}:³]Z»ŠòÔ ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzzÆÆÆÆ————ãããã))))bbbb )*y(! ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz~~~~————****CCCCÅÅÅÅgggg»»»»ZZZZgggg»»»» 21XZöXZ}XœjÔeZË:|Z]:7002Y:m681X

)zŠzx(:m982X ————ããã㣣££ÑÑÑÑ]]]] 31X41XZs:m992X

:_5ëEYLéXÅÔуg:0002YX !!!!****rrrrzzzz····gggg 51X÷ZðŠŠ~:Šâp:Z�å,-;zkÔZ¥/|:6991Y:m01X ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz————****]]]] 61X¤/k,ÍfZ!eZËØ•!zZg~:

:_5ëEYLéXÅÔуg:0002Y:m01X WWWWƒƒƒƒ§§§§]]]] 71X·@WiZŠ:81XZs:m05X91XZs:m01X

:$»40î GE0ZŠƒZgŠzÔуg:ky:m61X KKKKŠŠŠŠZZZZÈÈÈÈÃÃÃÃggggkkkk 02X·@WiZŠ:12XZs:m27X

:$»40î GE0Z',Z4-.0î XGGÔ©gW!*ŠŠÁ:…3üELÎx3391Y:m23X ÁÁÁÁ~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz 22XZ−+;×:Š:ZF,6,Š÷ZgŠzZ»ŠòÔÉÀ£43ð

EJ:0991YX ºººº[[[[~~~~ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz 32XqƒúŠèZã:l)Ô:u¦&»å EH7ÔZ¥/|:m12X @@@@****gggg

++++÷÷÷÷

GGGGEEEELLLLiiii!!!!****ÈÈÈÈZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz 42X&Š@{yÔeZË:l)Ô

401