When you come in, answer the following in your notebook in 3-5 sentences: Who were the...
-
Upload
tatum-burnard -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of When you come in, answer the following in your notebook in 3-5 sentences: Who were the...
WARMUP
When you come in, answer the following in your notebook in 3-5 sentences:
Who were the Progressives?Did the federal government do its job in regulating business? Or was it overstepping its boundaries?
Progressive Era Reforms
Progressives sought to permanently address many problems brought on during the Gilded Age
Regulating Businesses: Capitalism or Socialism?
To regulate means the US Government would make laws to oversee, adjust, fine
tune and correct the unfair business tactics in industry and big business. Not take over
or control it.
Does this fit any particular idea we have discussed? Does it have to?
These are the first laws to regulate industry and big
business.Congress passed Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC). U.S. government regulated interstate trade within the
country. End railroad corruption of
charging high prices to ship goods and Rockefeller’s illegal deals.Rebates/kickbacks/drawbacks
were illegal.
In 1890, Congress passed a law which made trusts/monopolies
illegal or any business that prevented fair
competition.
Interstate Commerce
Act(1887)
ShermanAntitrust Act
(1890)
How did the government try to regulate Big Business?
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)-First U.S. gov’t organization to regulate the railroadsSherman Antitrust Act (1890)-First law to monitor business practices and limit the power of Big Business.
Who would enforce such laws???
Teddy Roosevelt (26th President – in office 1901-1909)
Our muckraking/progressive president
He saw the problems of the Gilded Age and sought widespread government reform!
Roosevelt Rises to the Presidency
Graduate of Harvard Loved wildlife Named Assistant Secretary of the
Navy under President McKinley. Formed Rough Riders in Spanish
American War. (Calvary Unit) Elected Governor of N.Y. Progressive beliefs Vice President under McKinley and
became President when he was assassinated
•Teddy Bear named after him.
•Square Deal=keep the wealthy from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners.
Square Deal• TR believed in the “capitalistic
system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.
• for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite.
Square Deal• TR believed in the “capitalistic
system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.
• for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite.
• TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists….
• U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”
Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives start
with President Roosevelt….
•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following:
• Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
• Take the side of labor
• Railroads
• Limiting corruption in the workplace
• Conservation
Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives start
with President Roosevelt….
•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following:
• Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
• Take the side of labor
• Railroads
• Limiting corruption in the workplace
• Conservation
Big Business
“Trust-Busting” – developed by Teddy Roosevelt Breaking up
monopolies▪ 1902 – US vs. Northern
Securities▪ Hepburn Act (1905)▪ 1910 – US vs. US Steel▪ 1911 – US vs. American
Tobacco▪ 1911 – US vs. Standard Oil
of New Jersey
Enforces Sherman Anti-Trust Act Sherman Anti-Trust
Act- banned any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce.
Broke up many trusts including Northern Securities Company (r.r. company) and beef trusts.
Supported large corporations as long as they did business fairly (under TR’s watch.)
The Trustbuster
Coal miners strike 1902- Threatens to send in federal troops to end strike.
Federal government steps in for 1st time and helped workers in a labor dispute.
Formed Department of Commerce and Labor
Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce
Commission.•Elkins Act
• Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act
• Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound, Amtrak, etc.
•Hepburn Act• Regulates rates for
passengers and freight• Air travel cost controls• Air freight price controls
Railroads
Health & the Federal Gov.
Meat Inspection Act (1906) Required meat factories be inspected (that goes
across state lines) Animals inspected before & after slaughter Created supervision (USDA) ** Remember: Which muckraker initiated these
concerns?
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Allowed gov’t to fine non-compliant businesses Label ingredients Later we get the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
ALL HAPPEN UNDER TEDDY’s ADMINISTRATION
TR’s Conservation Policy•125,000 acres in reserve
•National Reclamation Act 1902•25 water projects
•Founding of the National Park System
National Forests Conserved and preserved forests.
Gifford Pinchot- Led Division of Forestry in U.S. Department of Agriculture. Idea that forest be preserved for public
use.
John Muir-Created Yosemite National Park in 1890.
At this time they would preserve forests for logging, it later changed into public parks.
• National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation
Project.
• Free land to Homesteaders who
wanted to farm Lahontan Valley.
• Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets
• Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation
by 1914
Roosevelt Changes Water Policy Water was fought over in
Southwest.
Private irrigation companies were taking over riverbeds so farmers couldn’t reclaim lost land.
National Reclamation Act 1902- Fed. Government decides where and how water could be distributed. Build and managed dams. Roosevelt and Hoover Dams on
Colorado River. Salt Valley Project in Arizona.
Child Labor Reform
National Child Labor CommitteeFlorence Kelly
Keating-Owens Act (1916) = outlawed child labor
But ruled unconstitutional in 1918– federal government cannot regulate INTRAstate commerce
Impact?
Reforms for the Poor
Settlement houses Community centers
providing services to the urban poor
Jane AddamsHull House Chicago, 1889
Impact?
Workers’ Reform
Bad Conditions Long hours Unsafe machinery Work related injuries/death
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Reform: Workers’ Compensation Laws
Impact?
Fire Safety Tragedy:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
One of the most influential events in labor history was a direct result of sweatshop conditions. The Triangle Shirt Factory Fire killed 146 workers. There were no real fire escapes and the doors opened out into the hall. The doors where blocked locking the workers in. As a result, stricter building codes and fire regulations where passed.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
1911 New York City
Locked doors800 trapped146 people (123
were women) died
Female labor, bad working conditions, immigrant rights
Led to stricter building codes and regulations
Progressive Amendments
18th Amendment 1919/1920 Temperance
Prohibition Ban Sale and
Distribution of “intoxicating liquors”
Suffrage
Since the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the Women’s Rights movement went on throughout the 19th century.
Susan B. Anthony led the charge to get women the vote until 1906.
Shortly after her death, in 1920, women will achieve the right to vote in the 19th Amendment.
Progressive Amendment
19th Amendment 1920 Women’s Suffrage
(the right to vote) Key Suffragettes:
▪ Susan B. Anthony▪ Alice Paul▪ Carrie Chapman Catt