Chapter 22 Vocabulary

Bellringer: 3/19/2014

What is an enlightened despot?

What who developed the vaccine?

Who pioneered the use of the scientific method in chemistry?

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Answers: 3/19/2014

A ruler who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power.

Edward Jenner

Robert Boyle

Agenda: 3/19/2014

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(Changed to Friday, March 21, 2014) If time permits, Enlightenment

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Chapter 22, Section 1

Scientific Revolution: A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.

Geocentric theory-The theory that held that the earth was the center of the universe

Heliocentric theory-The theory that the sun was the center of the universe.

Chapter 22, Section 1

Galileo Galilei-he built a telescope to view the stars and planets; the Church tried him for heresy for his scientific ideas

Scientific Method- a logical procedure for testing ideas; includes observation, hypothesis, testing, and conclusion

Isaac Newton-English scientist; author of Principia; established principles of motion and defined forces of gravity. 

Chapter 22, Section 2

Enlightenment-An 18th Century intellectual movement that applied reason and the scientific method to laws to shape human action.

Social contract-According to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with gov’t.

John Locke-Philosopher who believed people have three natural rights—life, liberty, and property. The purpose of gov’t is to protect these rights.

Chapter 22, Section 2

Philosophes-French term for philosopher Voltaire-The greatest philosopher of the

Enlightenment who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech

Montesquieu-French philospher who wrote about separation of powers—dividing power among separate branches of government

Rousseau-French philosopher who wrote about human freedom (he desired a society where all people where equal).

Chapter 22, Section 2

Mary Wollstonecraft-Author who wrote about women’s right.

Chapter 22, Section 3

Salon-social gathering for discussing ideas of enjoying art

Baroque-Grand, ornate sytle Neoclassical-Simple style that borrowed

ideas form classical Greece and Rome Enlightened despot-Ruler who supported

Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power

Catherine the Great- Russian ruler who took steps to reform and modernize Russia.

Chapter 22, Section 4

Declaration of Independence- Document declaring American independence from Britain

Thomas Jefferson- Author of the Declaration of Independence

Checks and balances-System in which each branch of government checks, or limits, the power of the other branches

Chapter 22, Section 4

Federal system- System of government in which power is divided between the national and state government

Bill of Rights-First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution