Vocabulary Review – Verbs of Change

Match the graphic with the vocabulary below. Draw it into the box next to the vocab:

Drawing Verbs of Change Related Nouns rose to increased to went up to climbed to

a rise an increase an upward trend a climb

fell to declined to decreased to dropped went down to

a fall a decline a decrease a drop a reduction

leveled out at did not change remained steady at stayed constant at

a leveling out no change

fluctuated a fluctuation

peaked at a peak

stood at (began at…)

Plateaued at a plateau

Example: As an overall trend, we can see that the price of gold fell during the 10-year period.

1 Line Graphs/Bar Charts Answers

Present Past

riseincrease

growclimbgo up

roseincreased

grewclimbedwent up

Present Past

falldecrease

dropdecline

go down

felldecreaseddroppeddeclined

went donw

Present Past or: did not change

Remain Stay

Remainedstayed

rapidlydramatically

steadily

slightlygradually

remained constant

The population of rabbits in Queensland increased/went up/climbed/rose sharply / dramatically / rapidly during 1998.

The number of households owning more than one car levelled out / remained constant / did not changebetween 2001 and 2003.

The number of students attending Oxford University increased/went up/climbed/rose steadily between 1997 and 2000.

Stocks in computer chips increased/went up/climbed/rose - slightly during December.

The amount of rainfall in the UAE declined/decreased/went down/fell sharply / dramatically / rapidly during July.

The number of homes owning more than one TV increased/went up/climbed/rose steadily during September then leveled out / remained contant/stayed the same / did not change during October and November.

TV ratings peaked at ten million on June 30th. Peaked at

Sales of Play Station Three declined/decreased/went down/fell slightly during March then increased/went up/climbed/rose sharply / dramatically / rapidly during April.

The number of people investing in on-line bonds plateaued during the months of February and March.

Sales of crude oil fluctuated upwardsbetween 2 and 2.5 million barrels during May.

Page 5 - Answers

IDENTIFYING LINE GRAPH TRENDS

A

the price of petrol 5 1.

B

the number of students attending the ILC

4 2.

C

the number of tourists to Europe 7 3.

D

the cost of wheatin Australia

1 4.

E

the rate of unemployment in Uganda 6 5.

F

the number of visitors to the fun park

2 6.

G

the population of Stanford 8 7.

H

the number of visitors to the music website

3 8.

You will listen to 8 line chart descriptions. Match the noun phrase you hear to the line chart that it describes. Write the number of the line chart in the space beside the description.

Page 6 answers

Line Chart 5

Between 1962 and 1989, the price of petrol fluctuated upwards and reached $1.80 by the end of the period.

Line Chart 4

Between April and August, the number of students attending the ILC remained constant at around 500 students per day.

Line Chart 7

From 1950 to 1955, the number of tourists to Europe plateaued at around 1, 000, 000.

Line Chart 1

Between 1995 and 2004, the cost of wheat in Australia increased moderately from $50 to $200 a bag.

Line Chart 6

From 1979 to 1989, the rate of unemployment in Uganda fluctuated downwards throughout the period, to reach 2% by the end of the period.

Line Chart 2

From 1980 to 1991, the number of visitors to the fun park declined steadily from 100, 000 to 20, 000 visitors per year.

Line Chart 8

In 1995, the population of Stanford peaked at 150, 000 people.

Line Chart 3

From 2001 to 2002, the number of visitors to the music website rose dramatically from 100 to 1300.

p. 7

p. 7 answers

Correct the following sentences for the chart on the Natural History Museum

For the above chart, write sentences that are similar to the above sentences. (Answers may vary)

1. From May to June, the number of visitors increased sharply from 20,000 to 90,000

2. Between June and August, the number remained the same.

3. From August to October, the figure went up slightly.

4. From October to November, there was a steady decline.

A. The number of people visiting the Natural History Museum rose dramatically during January.

B. Between February and April, the number dropped slightly from 50 to 30 people.

C. Following this, the number climbed steadily from 52 to 70.

D. Then, between June and July, the numbers did not change.

E. Finally, between July and August, the number visiting declined sharply from 55 to 35.

AB

C

D

E

p. 9

Writing the Introduction

With a partner, discuss the chart below 2 minutes). First: How many lines are in the chart? 1

1. What does the chart measure? Tourist numbers visiting the old Souq inAl Ain

2. (Y-axis) HOW are the tourist numbers MEASURED? (percentages, millions, numbers) ___________

3. (X-axis) For what TIME PERIOD? 2004-2015 (an 11-year period)

4. In GENERAL What HAPPENED to the number from the beginning to the end of the period?

decreased

Example Introduction:

The line graph shows how many tourists visited Al Ain’s Old Souq every year from

2004 to 2015. As an overall trend, the number of people visiting the souq decreased over

the eleven-year period.

5. How many sentences are in the intro? 2

6. What is the in the first sentence? (choose from 1-5 above): 1-3)

7. What is in the 2 nd sentence (choose from 1-4 above): 4

p. 10

Writing the Introduction

Sentence 1 – example

The chart shows the number of students who played / enjoyed football, tennis, and badminton at UAE University between 2000 and 2008.

Sentence 2: Example:

As an overall trend, we can clearly see that the number of students who played/liked football and badminton decreased / declined / dropped / fell while the number of students who played tennis increased.

p. 11

Animal and Human Populations in Canada

The line chart shows the number of humans and large and small animals in Canada in millions from 1900 to

2000. As an overall trend, the number of humans increased while the number of both large and small animals

decreased.

P. 12 (answers may vary!)

The line chart shows the percentages of boys, girls, and teachers who enjoyed football at UAEU from 2004

to 2012. In general, we can see that the number of boys who played football increased while the number of both

girls and teachers decreased over the 8-year period.

*****************************

The line graph shows the number of UFP students at UAEU who passed levels 1, 2, and 3 from 2000 to

2010, in thousands. Overall, we can see that the number of students who passed levels of boys, girls, and teachers

who enjoyed football at UAEU from 2004 to 2012. As an overall trend, the number of students who passed both

levels 1 and 3 increased, while the number who passed level 2 decreased over the 10-year period.

p. 13 Answers

Sales of Drinks in the UAE

The line graph shows the sales of orange juice, water and Coke in millions of litres in the UAE from 1970 to 2010. As an overall trend, the sales of Coke and orange juice 1)increased, 2)while water sales 3)dropped over the 40 year period.

4)Looking at the sales of Coke, it is clear to see that it rose over the period. Sales 5)stood at around half a million litres in 1970 and 6)then it climbed steadily to 3 million litres in 1985. 7)Next, from 1985 to 1990, there was a 8)dramatic 9)increase in sales to 9 million litres, which was the highest figure in the 40 years. This figure did not change for the next 5 years. 10)After that, there was a 11)slight 12)drop in Coke sales to 8 million litres in 2010.

13)Similarly, sales of orange juice went up during the same 40 years. In 1970 it stood at 1 million litres, before 14)rising gradually to 3 million litres in 1980. 15)Following this, it 16)peaked at 8 million litres in 1985. Finally, there was a fall to slightly 17)over 3 million litres in 2010.

18)Unlike sales of Coke and orange juice, there was an overall decrease in sales of water. It started at 5 million litres in 1970, 19)after which it 20)fluctuated upwards to 7 million litres in 2000. 21)Between 2000 and 2010, there was a sharp decline in water sales to 1 million litres, which was the 22)lowest in the 40 years.

p. 15

Analysing a report ANSWERS

1) Gapfill: Look at the line graph or bar chart on the previous page. Use information from the page to complete the gaps in this report.

2) Paragraph organisation

The bar chart shows the average cost per month of electricity, water and cable

television in Al Ain from 1980 to 2000 in UAE Dhs. As an overall trend, the cost of

both electricity and cable television rose, while the cost of water fell over the 20 year

period.

Sentence 1: Title key X axis (when) Y axis (how

measured)Sentence 2:

overview trends

Looking at the average monthly cost of electricity, it is clear to see that it

increased over the 20 years. In 1980 it stood at about 70 Dhs. Then, from 1980 to

1985 it increased slightly to 80 Dhs. From 1985 to 1990 the cost of electricity fell

moderately to approximately 50 Dhs, which was the lowest figure in the 20 years.

After that, it rose dramatically to just under 140 Dhs in 2000.

Sentence 1: “Looking at 1 line” + trend (↑ or ↓)

Sentence 2: start“stood at” (began, started)

Sentence 3-5: Sent. 3-4-5: changes / end

Similarly, the cost of cable television went up during the same 20 years. It stood at

just over 40 Dhs in 1980. Following this, it increased steadily to approximately 75

Dhs in 1990. Between 1990 and 1995 the average monthly cost of cable television

remained constant. Finally, there was a moderate rise in costs to slightly over 100

Dhs in 2000, which was the highest in the 20 years.

Sentence 1: Compare with Body 1 “Similarly” + trend (↑ or ↓)

Sentence 2: start“stood at” (began, started)

Sentence 3-5: Sent. 3-4-5: changes / end

Unlike the cost of electricity and cable television, there was an overall decrease

in the cost of water. It started at 20 Dhs in 1980, after which it rose steadily to just

over 40 Dhs in 1985. From 1985 to 1995 the monthly cost of water fluctuated up to a

peak of slightly under 60 Dhs. Finally, in 2000, there was a moderate decrease in

the cost of water to just under 20 Dhs, which was the lowest figure in the 20 years.

Sentence 1: Compare with Body 1 and 2 “Unlike 1 and 2, in 3…” + trend (↑ or ↓)

Sentence 2: start“stood at” (began, started)

Sentence 3-5: Sent. 3-4-5: changes / end

P. 16

Verbs of change/ adverbs

Adjectives/ Related nouns

rose dramatically to increased steadily to climbed gradually to

There was a dramatic rise to There was a steady increase to There was a gradual climb to

fell sharply to declined dramatically to decreased slightly to dropped suddenly to reduced steadily to

there was a sharp fall to there was a dramatic decline there was a slight decrease there was a sudden drop there was a steady reduction

fluctuated (upwards) fluctuated (downwards)

There was an upwards fluctuation There was a downwards fluctuation

leveled out at did not change

there was a leveling out at there was no change

peaked at there was a peak

p 17

Sentence structure Practice: Answers

a) Exports from Africa fluctuated dramatically throughout the period. There was a dramatic fluctuation in exports from Africa throughout the period.

b) The development of new products fell gradually during the two year period. There was a gradual fall in the development of new products during the two year period.

c) The price of petrol dropped significantly in Sydney between 2007 and 2008. There was a significant drop in the price of petrol in Sydney between 2007 and 2008.

d) The price of goods in the UAE increased slowly over the last ten months. There was a slow increase in the price of goods in the UAE over the last ten months.

e) The average temperature in Abu Dhabi rose steeply between June and August. There was a steep rise in the average temperature in Abu Dhabi between June and August.

f) There was a rapid rise in the price of food in third world countries. The price of food in third world countries rose rapidly.

g) There was a steady increase in the number of tourists visiting Dubai. The number of tourists visiting Dubai increased steadily.

h) There was a gradual decline in the export of fruit from Jordan over the period. The export of fruit from Jordan declined gradually over the period.

i) There was a sudden drop in Syria’s water supplies in 2007. Syria’s water supplies dropped suddenly in 2007.

Pp 18-19

The bar chart gives information about the number of visitors to France, Germany and Italy

between January and October of 2008. As an overall trend, visitor numbers in France and

Germany dropped, while the number of visitors to Italy increased over the 10 month period.

Looking at the number of visitors to France, it is clear to see that it decreased over the

period. In January, it stood at around 850,000, and then there was a downwards fluctuation in

tourist numbers to approximately 575,000 in April, which was the lowest in the 10 months. Next, it

increased sharply to 800,000 in May. After that, the number of tourists remained constant to July.

Finally, it declined steadily to about 650,000 in October.

Similarly, the number of tourists in Germany fell during the same 10 months. It started at

half a million in January, before going down gradually to 400,000 in June. Following this, visitor

numbers peaked at around 650,000 in August. After that, it dropped sharply to 200,000 in

October.

Unlike in France and Germany, in Italy there was an overall rise in the number of tourists.

There were 400,000 tourists in January, after which it fell rapidly to just 100,000 in February. From

February to June, there was a gradual increase in the number of tourists to 300,000, and this did

not change for the following three months. Finally, between September and October, it rose

dramatically to 600,000, which was the highest in the 10 months.

P. 20 Body 1

Looking at the percentage of girls who played soccer, it is clear to see that it fell over the period. It stood at 50% in 2004. Following this, the figure dropped steadily to 10% in 2007. Next, there was a peak at 70% in 2008. After that, there was a downwards fluctuation to 40%, where it ended in 2012.

B1 B2yes yes The first sentence names a line and gives the trend (increase/decrease)Yes Yes For Body 2 & 3, give a comparisonYes Yes The second sentence says where the line STARTED Yes Yes Sentences #3-5 have all data for changes: when, what (subject), what

happened (verb), how much (data/number)Yes Yes it says where the data endedNO YES Special points are mentioned _____ highest or ______ lowestyes yes Language

- Connecting words are used- Mix of styles (verb/adverb & adjective / noun)- Complex sentences (people who used phones / phone users)

Body 2

Unlike the percentage of girls and teachers who played soccer, there was an overall climb in the percentage of boys who enjoyed soccer. The figure started at 30% in 2004, after which it went up moderately to 50% in 2007. Between 2007 and 2009, there was no change. Following this, it rose dramatically to 90%, which was the highest in the period, and stayed constant until 2011. Finally, it decreased slightly to approximately 85% in 2012.

page 21 answers Part C. Add prepositions (of, at, in) and articles (a / an / the)

Similarly, the percentage of teachers who enjoyed soccer declined during the same 8

years. In 2004, it began at 70%, before increasing to 90% in 2006. From 2006 to 2008, it

plateaued at 90%. Following this, there was a sharp fall in the percentage to 30% in 2010.

Finally, the figure leveled off in / during the next 2 years.

Review Essential vocabulary for writing temporal line and bar charts

Verbs P-tense Nouns Adverbs Adjectives Others

rise rose rise rapidly rapid constant

increase increased increase dramatically dramatic around

climb climbed climb sharply sharp approximately

grow grew growth gradually gradual about

go up went up x moderately moderate

fall fell fall steadily steady

decrease decreased decrease slightly slight In general

reduce reduced reduction slowly slow Overall

drop dropped drop Trend

remain remained x

level out level out levelling out

stay stayed x

fluctuate fluctuated fluctuation

plateau plateaued plateau

peak peaked peak

pp. 22-23

(intro)

The line graph shows the percentage of boys, girls and teachers at UAEU who liked playing

soccer between 2004 and 2012. As an overall trend, the percentage of girls and ………… who

enjoyed soccer decreased, while the percentage of boys who played soccer ……….. over the 9

year period.

(body 1)

Looking at the percentage of girls who played soccer, it is clear to see that it fell over the

period. It stood at 50% in 2004, and then the figure dropped steadily to 10% in 2007, which was

the lowest in the 9 years. Next, there was a peak at 70% in 2008. After that, there was a

downwards fluctuation to 40% in 2012.

(body 2)

Similarly, the percentage of teachers who enjoyed soccer declined during the same 9 years.

In 2004, it began at 70%, before increasing to 90% in 2006. From 2006 to 2008, it plateaued at

90%. Following this, there was a sharp fall in the percentage to 30% in 2010. Finally, the figure

leveled off for the next 2 years.

(body 3)

Unlike the percentage of girls and teachers who played soccer, there was an overall climb in

the percentage of boys who enjoyed soccer. The figure started at 30% in 2004, after which it went

up moderately to 50% in 2007. Between 2007 and 2009, there was no change. Following this, it

rose dramatically to 90%, which was the highest in the period, and stayed constant until 2011.

Finally, it decreased slightly to approximately 85% in 2012.

p. 25 – 26

Analysis:1. How does the report start? (Write the first four words.) The line graph shows

2. Is the title paraphrased? YES

3. What is the title? (Exact words.) Number of Tourists visiting the Old Souq in Al Ain

4. What is the paraphrased title? ... how many tourists visited Al Ain’s Old Souq

5. Is it correct to say ‘the line increased’? NO

6. Is it ok to say ‘the tourists increased’? NO

7. Which is much better?

a. ‘The number of tourists increased’? YES

b. The tourists increased - NO

8. How many different ways is ‘the number of tourists' written?

9. ___ it / the number of people_________________________________

10. ____________ __ tourist numbers _____________________________

11. ____ the amount of visitors from other countries __________

12. How can you write: In 2013, there was a sharp climb in tourist numbers to 1,959 people. in a

different way?

13. In 2013 the number of tourists increased sharply to 1,959.

14. Why does Souq have a capital S in the first line, but a small S in the second? Souq is part of the

name, souq is just a noun.

15. What is the minimum word count for the Level Two Line Graph task? 120 words (150 in IELTS)

16. How many words are there in the model answer?_126

17. Is it ok to write more than 120 words? YES ,but be careful not to repeat yourself.

18. What happens if you write fewer words than the word count says? You will lose points.

19. What is another word that means dramatically?_sharply

20. What is another word for increased?rose_

21. How many paragraphs are there? 2

22. Is it necessary to write a conclusion in an IELTS Task 1 line graph report? NO

Line Graph and Example Answer adapted from the ones in the L2 Writing Bank. Louise Zaaijman 2015

p. 27-28

Paraphrasing Practice

A. From 2002 to 2003, there was a sharp drop in the amount of sugar to about 1kg.

Possible Answers: a. From 2002 to 2003The amount of sugar dropped sharply to about 1 kg. b. Between 2002 and 2003, the amount of sugar declined rapidly to about 1 kg. c. The amount of sugar decreased dramatically to approximately 1 kg from 2002 to 2003.

B. Between 2004 and 2005, it fell steadily to 5 kg. Next, it rose moderately to about 7 kg in 2006.

Possible Answers: a. Next, there was a moderate rise in the amount of sugar to about 7 kg in 2006. b. Following this, there was a gradual increase in the figure to about 7 kg in 2006 . c. (other answers? ) _______________________________________________________

AB

A. The number of trees stood at 40 in 1970. The figure declined moderately to about 10 in 1980.

Possible Answers: a. There was a moderate decline in the figure to about 10 in 1980. b. Following this, in 1980, there was a slight drop in the number of trees to approximately

10.c. Other? _________________________________________________________

B. Between 1980 and 2000, it climbed steadily to around 70 . This was the highest in the period. Possible Answers: a. Between 1980 and 2000, there was a steady climb to around 70. b. Between 1980 and 2000, there was a steady climb in the number to around 70. c. Next, there was a steady increase in the number of trees to approximately 70 in 2000.

Writing Complex Sentences

Page 29The line graph shows the percentage of boys, girls and teachers at UAEU who liked playing

soccer between 2004 and 2012. As an overall trend, the percentage of girls and teachers who enjoyed soccer decreased, while the percentage of boys who played soccer increased over the 9 year period.

Looking at the percentage of girls who played soccer, (1) it is clear to see that it fell over the period It stood at 50% in 2004, and then the figure dropped steadily to 10% in 2007, (2) which was the lowest in the 9 years . Next, there was a peak at 70% in 2008. After that, there was a downwards fluctuation to 40% in 2012.

Similarly, the percentage of teachers who enjoyed soccer declined during the same 9 years. In 2004, it began at 70%, (3) before increasing to 90% in 2006.. From 2006 to 2008, it plateaued at 90%. Following this, there was a sharp fall in the percentage to 30% in 2010. Finally, the figure leveled off for the next 2 years.

A B

Unlike the percentage of girls and teachers who played soccer, there was an overall climb in the percentage of boys who enjoyed soccer. The figure started at 30% in 2004, (4) after which it went up moderately to 50% in 2007. Between 2007 and 2009, there was no change. Following this, it rose dramatically to 90%, (5) which was the highest in the period, and stayed constant until 2011. Finally, it decreased slightly to approximately 85% in 2012.

p. 30-31

Write a description using complex sentences for each line ( ) that you see marked with A and B. The first one has been done for you.

B (which was the…)

Finally, it dropped sharply to approximately 2, which was the lowest in the 8 years.

A (which was the …)

From 2002 to 2003, there was a sharp drop in the amount of sugar to about 1kg, which was the lowest in the period.

B (after which …)

Between 2004 and 2005, it fell steadily to 5 kg, after which it rose moderately to about 7 kg in 2006.

BA

AB

A (before + ~ing…)

The number of trees stood at 40 in 1970, before declining moderately to about 10 in 1980.

B (which was the …)

Between 1980 and 2000, it climbed steadily to around 70, which was the highest in the period.

A (before + ~ing…)

In 2001, the percentage of graduates stood at about 2%, before fluctuating upwards to around 6% in 2004.

B (after which …)

From 2006 to 2007, the percentage of graduates declined steadily to about 3, after which there was a slight climb to 5 in 2008.

A B

BA

Extra Credit

Number of Cars

Graph A Answers

In 1970, the number of cars stood at 5. After that, the number went up to 50 in 1990. Finally, it dropped to 40 in 2000.

Graph B

In 1970, the number of cars stood at 20. Then, from 1970 to 1980, it increased to 40. In 1990, the number of cars dropped to 30. After that, in 2000, the number rose back to 40.

Graph C

In 1970, the number of cars started at 60. From 1970 to 2000, there was a downwards fluctuation to 10.

Graph D

The number of cars stood at 20 in 1970. Then, there was an upward trend to 50 in 1990. From 1990 to 2000, the number of cars dropped from 50 to 40.

Graph E

The number of cars began at 10 in 1970. From 1970 to 1980, it increased and peaked at 60 in 1990. In 2000, the number of cars reduced to 30.

Graph F

In 1970, the number of cars began at 40. The number plateaued at 60 between 1980 and 1990. Finally, the number in 2000 was 20.

Graph G

The number of cars began at 60 in 1970. Then, there was a decline in the number of cars to 40 in 1980. This figure leveled out at 40 for the next 20 years.

Graph H

The number of cars started at 10 in 1970. Then, from 1980, it remained constant for the next 10 years at 30. It then fluctuated upwards to 60 in 2000.

Number of people in UAE with different types of phones

Page 19-20

Example Answer AThe bar chart shows

the number of people in UAE

with three different types of

phones, which were

Blackberry, Samsung, and

iPhones from 2002 to 2012.

Overall, we can see that the number of Samsungs and iPhones increased, while the number of

Blackberrys decreased over the 10 year period.

Looking at the number of people with Samungs, it is clear to see that it went up over the

10-year period. In 2002, the number stood at 5000, after which there was a steady increase to

15,000 in 2006. Following this, it declined slightly to about 11,000 in 2008, after which it

increased steadily to its highest point at 20,000 in 2012.

Similarly, the number of iPhones climbed over the 10 years. In 2002, the figure stood at

20,000, after which it increased to 30,000 in 2004. Following this, there was a sharp drop to

10,000 in 2006. Then it climbed steadily until the end of the period in 2012 where it reached the

highest number at 60,000.

Unlike the number of Samsungs and iPhones, the number of Blackberrys fell over the

period. The number stood at 50,000 in 2002, which was the highest point in the 10-year period.

After this, it fell sharply to just 5,000 in 2004 before increasing sharply to 40,000 in 2006. From

2006, there was a steady decline in the number of Blackberrys to just 10,000 in 2012, when the

period ended.

Part C - Answers

.

The line graph shows the percentage of boys, girls and teachers at UAEU who played football

between 2004 and 2012. As an overall trend, the p er centage of girls and teachers who enjoyed football

decreased, while percentage of boys is increased over the 9 year s period.

in thousands

A C

V

sp

V #

sp