UNIT SIXDANGEROUS WEATHER

Speaking 1-Decide what you should say in the following situations. Tick the most appropriate answer:1.Your friends want to go for a picnic and the weather is very windy. You say: a) You must go on a picnic. b) What about staying at home! It is windy.c) You have to go out in windy days.2. The weather will be very nice according to the weather forecast and you like that.a) For me , it doesn’t matter. b) It'll be the best day for me. c) I don't think so.3.You want to describe the Palestinian weather for a visitor. You say: …a)It is very hot and dry all the year. b)The temperature is too high in summer.c) It is sometimes warm, but it is nice on the beach.

2- Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:Ahmed : What's the weather like tomorrow?Ali : I think tomorrow will be rainy - very cold . Ahmed: Oh! no. That means I can't go running.Ali : It is better to stay at home then.

Reading comprehension 1-Read the passage and answer the questions below:We cannot live without the sun’s heat and light or the air that we breathe, but these givers of life can also become dangerous killers. Moreover, they can behave even more dangerously when they combine with that other great natural force: water. The largest and most destructive results of this combination are hurricanes (also called cyclones or typhoons). These huge storms can destroy whole countries in just hours. Surprisingly, tornado winds actually blow much faster than hurricanes and can reach 450 kph. In fact, tornadoes have such fantastic power that they carry off people, cars and even buildings. Huge twisters appear most commonly in central US states and cause much destruction there. By contrast, the fastest hurricane wind speeds are little more than half as great. In fact, tropical storms are called hurricanes when winds reach a speed of just118 kph. Tornadoes are not nearly as destructive as hurricanes for one reason: size. Tornadoes are never more than a few hundred meters wide, whereas hurricanes may be as much as 800 km across .A-Answer the following questions:1-What types of disasters does the text mention?Tornadoes and hurricanes . 2- What can huge storms destroy in hours ?It can destroy whole countries . 3-Which is faster, hurricanes or tornadoes ? Why?Tornadoes are faster than hurricanes . because its winds can reach 450 kph while hurricanes reaches 118 kph . 4-Why do hurricanes cause more destruction than tornadoes?The size of hurricanes is wider" larger - bigger" than the size of tornadoes .

B-Complete the following statements:1-The biggest and the most destructive results of natural force combination are hurricanes2-Tornadoes have a fantastic power that they carry off people, cars and even buildings.3- Tropical storms are called hurricanes when winds reach a speed of just118 kph.

C. Find from the passage:1-The synonyms of: - damage = destroy amazing = fantastic really = In fact – actually

2-The opposites of: - artificial x natural safely x dangerously death x life

3- The pronoun they refers to : tornadoes the word there refers to : central US states4-The number 118 refers to : Hurricanes wind speeds 450 refers to : Tornadoes wind speeds

D-Put True [] or False [] next to each statement:1. Huge twisters disappear most commonly in central US states. [ ]2. Hurricanes are also called cyclones or typhoons. [ ]3. Tornadoes are never more than a few hundred meters wide. [ ]

VOCABULARY A-Match the words with their definitions:

N WordsN Definitions1.natural 2power or energy to move or change other things.2.force 3from the hottest parts of the world.3.tropical10Exact4.reconstruction7not able to do anything without help5.improve6network of roads, railways, etc. to carry people and

goods round.6.transport4act of building something again.7.helpless5make better.8.disaster8event that causes great damage to many people and /or

things9.warning1coming from nature and not produced by people.10.accurate9telling somebody about a possible problem or danger.

B- Complete the following sentences using the words in brackets:( destructive – helplessly – wealth – prediction – destruction – combination –wave – enclose )

1. The rich countries should use their wealth to lift the poor ones from poverty.2. Disaster prediction helped the people of Florida to survive.3. The poor people waited helplessly as the disaster approached.4. I will enclose a photo of me with the email.5. Hurricane Andrew struck Florida and caused much destruction there.6. Water (H2O) is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.7. The high wave in the sea does not allow the fishermen to fish.

8. The 1970’s hurricane in East Pakistan was the most destructive hurricane in history.

C-Give the opposites of the following from the words in brackets:( appear– light – commonly – destruction – approached – power )

1-disappear : appear 2- construction : destruction 3- rarely : commonly 4- weakness : power 5- darkness : light 6- moved away: approached

D-Complete the sentences with a word from the same word family:1. Hurricanes caused complete destruction of whole towns. (destructive)2. The weather was stormy until yesterday with lots of wind and rain. (storm)3. Poor countries need money to help in the development of their economy. (developing)4. There was a disastrous accident in the mountain yesterday. (disaster)5. With all the rain there is a dangerous mud slip. (danger)6. The information we got , helped us to avoid the storm. (informative)7. Hurricanes have a fantastic power that they cause huge damage. (powerful)8. Predicting the severe storms needs technological development. (technology)

Language A. Choose the correct answer from those in the brackets:1. That storm has a great ( most powerful – powerful - power – powerfully) that they may destroy the whole country.2- Poor countries face (greater - most great – greatest-more greater) natural disasters than almost any other countries.3- Nowadays, floods are (bad - the worst – badly - worse) than before.4-Living in the woods is the (most dangerous- dangerous- dangerously- more dangerous) thing especially for children.5-Tornadoes are only a few hundred meters wide, so they’re (destructive – least destructive - less destructive - destruction) than hurricanes.6-For me, Palestine is the( best- better- good -well ) country in the world.7- It was (such - such a -too -so) a huge disaster that a million people died.8-The transport system was ( such a -quite a lot -such - so ) bad that people could not escape.9-These are Amany’s books, ( all – none - one – both )of them belongs to me.10-Not all the students succeeded in the exam,( much - none -all - some)of them failed.11-She has been working for hours. She feels( really - much- quite a lot )tired now.12-I was sick yesterday but I feel (very- much - extremely- quite) better today.

B .Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:1-It was such cold weather that nobody could go outside. (so…………that)The weather was so cold that nobody could go outside .2- Tornadoes and Hurricanes are extremely destructive. ( not as--------------as)Tornadoes are not as destructive as hurricanes .3- She was such a clever girl that she passed the exam. (so----------------that)The girl was so clever that she passed the exam .

WRITING Write a short paragraph on ( Palestinian Climate):Use these connectors where possible (and – whereas – However – In general – for example) You may use the following ideas:Mediterranean climate – hot and dry (summer) – cool and rainy (winter) – various climate between regions in Gaza (wet/hot/dry/cold/calm) – the average annual rainfall

In general , Palestine has a Mediterranean climate with long , hot , dry summers and short, cool, rainy winters. However , the climate varies quite a lot between regions. for example ,it's much wetter in Jabaliya in the north than it is in the southern city of Rafah. The average annual rainfall in Rafah is 230mm whereas it's 390mm in Jabaliya.

Unit SevenWhich way now….?

Speaking Decide what you would say in these situations . Tick the correct answer :

1 - You suggest going on a picnic . You say :a - We must go on a picnic . b- We have to go on a picnic. c - What about going on a picnic ?2-You have an interview tomorrow, the interviewer says:a. We should start now. b. Can I ask you a bit more about that? c. You, let's make a start.

Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue: Yasmeen: What subjects are you good at?Mona : I'm good at physics and maths .

Yasmeen: Would you like to take the scientific stream?Mona : No , I wouldn’t , My father wants me to study English.Yasmeen: English is an interesting subject.Mona : Which university are you going to join ? Yasmeen: I'm going to join the Islamic University.

Reading comprehension Read the following then answer the questions below:Think carefully: what do you like and what are you good at? Perhaps you’re good atlanguages. If so, the academic route may be right , and you could become a languageteacher or a TV presenter. Or you may enjoy working with your hands and beingoutdoors. In that case, you might do well as a builder or a farmer, and you will needthe vocational route. If you take the academic route, you'll enter either the scientific stream or the literary stream. In the first, you'll focus mainly on mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry. In the second, you'll study subjects such as history, geography,Arabic and English. Then when you successfully pass the General Secondary SchoolExamination, you'll be able to apply to university and specialize in just one or twosubjects. If you take the vocational option, you may enter either university or a polytechnic. There, you'll specialize in a practical subject such as computer studies.

Answer the following questions: 1-What could you be if you choose the academic route?If I choose the academic route I would be a language teacher or a TV presenter . 2-What jobs may you have if you choose the vocational route?A builder or a farmer 3- What will you study mainly in the scientific stream?I will study mathematics , physics , biology and chemistry . 4- What will you study mainly in the literary stream?I will study history , geography, Arabic and English .

Find the opposites of the following words from the passage: carelessly x carefully vocational x academic wrong x right

Find the synonyms of the following words from the passage: basically = mainly concentrate = focus way = route

Decide whether the following sentences are( T ) true or( F ) false: 1-In the literary stream, you'll study subjects such as history, geography. ( T )2-You'll be able to apply to university before the secondary school. ( F )3-If you take the vocational option, you may only enter either university or polytechnic . ( T )

VOCABULARY Complete the following sentences using the words in the box:

( qualifications - vocational – outdoors – responsible – flexible – imaginative - apply – determined )

1. Jenny is very responsible . She looks after her brothers most of the time.2. If you want to get a good job, you should have high qualifications

3. I want to apply for the TOFEL in order to improve my English.4. My father is very determined . He goes on trying even when things get difficult.5. If you enjoy manual jobs like mending computers, you'd better take the vocational route.6. My uncle is a builder. He has been working outdoors all the day.7. My friend Rana is flexible If her way of doing something isn't very successful, she looks for a better way.

Complete the sentences with other words from the same word family: 1. You should make the right choice. (choose)2. There's a basic requirement before going into nursing . (require)3. My friend Amal will qualify next year. (qualification)4. It's very important to decide what to choose . (decision)5. After passing the General Secondary Examination, you'll be able to join university and specialize in one subject . (special).

Match the words in the box with the words below to make compound nouns: ( office – working – education – tourist – poor – language – TV– computer )

1. working hours 2. tourist guide 3. TV presenter 4. education system 5. poor qualifications 6. computer studies 7. language teacher 8. office worker

Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:N WordsN Definitions1system4accept the importance of sb.or sth., and behave well towards.2endless3the part of your life that will come later.3future1fixed way of doing things.4respect2so long that there seems to be no end or limit.5option6a job that you do through your working life.6career5Sth. you can choose in a particular situation.

Language Choose the right phrasal verb:

1- We have been working for eight hours. We can't [go for – go on – go into] any more.2- My mother encourages me to [ go for – go along with – go into ] the competition.3- Jenny likes helping other people, so she wants to [go out – go into – go through ]nursing.4-We didn't go anywhere a long time ago,so we will [ go on–go along with – go out].5- Uncle Basim advised me to study medicine, but I didn't [go into – go through – goalong with ] his idea.6-The counselor gave Jenny a book about nursing to [ go on – go through– go for ] it.

Choose the correct answer: 1) If we heat ice, it [ will melt – is melting – melts ].2) If she [ prepares – is preparing – prepared ] well for the meeting, it will be a great success.3) When Areej [ had – has – is having ] free time, she likes playing computer games.4) He might act differently if his father [ hadn't come–doesn't come – didn't come ].5) If I [ was – were – am ] in your position, I would ask the teacher.6) If somebody gave you a free airline ticket, where [ would – will– may] you travel ?

7) When I (get – am getting – will get – have been got) home after school, I'll have lunch . 8)Mrs. Sami would help us if she (will be able – can - could – had been able to) , but she can't 9)If I ( am – was – were – did ) you, I'd study English. 10)If water boils, it (will turn – would turn – turns – would have turned) into steam. 11)If I were rich, I (will buy – would buy – buys – would have bought) a new car.

Choose the right answer: 1. Some people are [ well – less well – good] at academic work , but they do [ good –worst – better ] in vocational work.2. Ahmed is good at maths, but he [hasn't been – didn't do – hadn't been ] well at the exam.3. You [have – had – are ] good at Arabic and I hope you'll [ did – have – do ] well at the Final Exam.4. Last year Amani [ was – did – does] well at biology.

Re- write the following sentences using the words in brackets: 1. Majdi passes the General Secondary Exam . He applies to university. (If…)If Majdi didn’t pass the General Secondary Exam , he wouldn’t apply to university .2. The weather is so terrible that nobody can go out . (..too …to..)The weather is too terrible to go out . 3. The exam was too difficult for the students to answer. ( ..not …. enough..)The exam wasn’t easy enough for the students to answer . 4. The wall isn't low enough for me to climb. (..too … to..).The wall is too high for me to climb .5. I am very rich. I could buy your supermarket. (..enough to.. )I'm not poor enough to buy your supermarket . 6. We don't go to pilgrimage because we don't have enough money. (If..)If we had enough money, we would go to pilgrimage.7. Water freezes. Turns into ice. (If..)If water freezes, it turns into ice 8. I (have) the chance to travel / (go to) Canada. (If..) If I had the chance to travel I would go to Canada 9. I (have) more free time / (like) study electricity. (If..)If I had more free time , I would like to study electrician 10. The dress is too small to wear .(..not ---enough..)The dress isn’t big enough to wear . 11. She was so tired, so she cannot walk. (..too…. to..)She was too tired to walk .

WRITING 1-Answer the questions to compose a paragraph on (Your School Subjects):Use these connectors where possible (however–also– In general –either – too– although)1. In general, how do you feel about the subjects that you study?2. Which do you enjoy more – the science or the arts subjects?3. Are there any subjects that you do not like much?4. On the other hand, which do you enjoy, and which do you like most of all?5. Generally speaking, are you also better at these subjects and less good at the others? for example ?

In general, I feel quite positive about the subjects that I study, although I enjoy the arts more than the science subjects. The subject that I do not like much is science in general, and I am not very interested in maths either. On the other hand, I really enjoy Arabic and geography, and I like English most of all. Generally speaking, I am better at these arts subjects, too, and I am less good at the science subjects. For example, I am bad at physics, and I am also quite bad at maths. However, I am quite good at one arts subject English..

Unit EightPalestine : Holy Land to the World

speaking Write what you would say in the following situations:-

a-Your mother has lost her mobile and needs help. She says: Can I help you , mum ? (Asking for help)b-You want to go to the Dar AL Salam Hospital.Could you tell me the way to Dar AL Salam Hospital , please ? (Directions)c-Your friend said that Palestine is the best country for her.I agree with you . (Agree)

Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue: Anne : What are you doing, Jenny?Jenny: I'm finding out information about Palestine.Anne : Are you going to visit Palestine ? Jenny: Yes, I'm going to visit Palestine with my father.Anne: What places are you going to visit ? Jenny: We're going to visit Jerusalem and Hebron.Anne: Do you know what's Hebron famous for?Jenny: Hebron is famous for glass , leather and pottery products .Anne: I want you to bring me a bag made of natural leather.Jenny: All right . Anne: Thank you very much .

Reading comprehension Read the following then answer the questions below:

Jerusalem, the jewel of Palestine, holy to the three great monotheistic religions- Islam,Christianity and Judaism, at the heart of the famous old city with its high walls is the Dome of the Rock. This was built where Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) ascended to Heaven at night (Al-Isra' and Al Mi'raj). The great, golden dome was built by the Ummayyad caliph Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan in AD 692.It rises 35 meters above the Noble Rock and all around it are inscriptions from the Holy Quran in wonderful blue tiles. As one of the world's oldest and most beautiful architectural treasures, this holy place has been visited by millions over the years.

Answer the following questions:: 1- Why is Jerusalem the jewel of Palestine?It is holy to the three great monotheistic religions . 2- What are the three monotheistic religions?Islam, Christianity and Judaism3-When did the Umayyad caliph Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan build the golden dome?He built it in AD 6924- How many people visit Palestine every year?Millions of people visit Palestine every year .

Complete the missing parts: a. Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) ascended to Heaven at night.b. The Noble Rock and all around it are inscriptions from the Holy Quran .c. The underlined word refers to (this) : the Dome of the Rock.

Choose the correct answer from a, b, or c: 1. The Dome rises………….. above the Noble Rock .a) 35 meters b) 36 meters c) 37 meters.2. Prophet Mohammed ascended to Heaven from……………………………..a) Macca b) Jerusalem c)Hebron.

Find from the passage: The opposite of ugly : beautiful destroyed : built war : peace The synonym of : well known: famous valuable things : treasures amazing: wonderful

VOCABULARY Complete the following sentences using words in the box:

( tiles — destination — pottery — resort - leather – architectural – inscriptions — treasures - sites – remains — history )

1) The walls and the floor of the house are covered with wonderful brown tiles2) Hebron is famous for pottery products. You can find beautiful pots there.3) Palestine is a country with great history . 4) The inscriptions on Rasheed Stone are written in Hieroglyphic language.5) Archaeologists found great treasures and other remains from Cleopatra's time.6) Mecca is the destination of the Muslim pilgrims.7) There are many archaeological sites in Palestine.8) Remains are pieces of things that were made a long time ago.9) Jericho is considered a winter resort10) These bags are made of natural leather11) The Golden Dome is one of the world’s oldest and most beautiful architectural treasures.

Complete the sentences with a word from the same word family: 1. Palestine has many important archaeological sites. (archaeology)2. The family is very important to Palestinian social organization. (society)3. History has discovered a lot about ancient Palestine. (historical)4. There are big cultural differences between Palestine and Iraq (culture)5. My school is in the centre of the town. ( central)

Complete the sentences by using the opposites of the words between brackets: 1. Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) ascended to Heaven at night. (descended)2. Hebron is full of ancient buildings . (modern)3. Jericho is 400 meters below sea level . (above)4. Mohanad and Fadi are Palestinian, but neither of them lives in Palestine. (both)5. The price of the tour exclude the cost of meals. You should pay for them. (includes)

Match the words with their definitions:

N WordsN Definitions1brochure4the region where two or more roads meet . 2geographical9ideas and beliefs that a community of people share .3lie8group of people who live together in one country or community .4crossroads1a small book of information .5port7collection of things that are different from each other.6coast3be in a particular place .7variety2relating to the earth and its features .8society5an area of water and buildings around the water where ships stop .9culture6area of land along the edge of the sea .

Language Choose the correct answer from brackets:

1. I [ have born – was born – be born] in 1993.2. The mechanic mended my car, so my car [ mends – is mending – was mended] .3. Arabic [speaks – is spoken – is speaking] by millions.4. The sun is [above – under – in the middle of] the sky in the afternoon.5. The black board is [ in front of – between – behind ] the class.6. The trees in the garden [were watered – have watered – are watered] every Thursday.7. The telephone [ invented – invents – was invented ] by Graham Bell.8. Mr. Green [climbs – is climbing – climbed] the Pyramids last year.9. Millions [visit- visited- have visited ] the old city since 1967.10. Jerusalem [has been visited- have been visited- is visited] by thousands of touristsevery year.

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in the brackets: 1. The Egyptian Pharaohs built the Great Pyramids 5,000 years ago. (The great Pyramids)The great Pyramids were built by the Egyptian Pharaohs 5,000 years ago . 2. The government has built many schools through the last ten years .( Many schools )Many schools have been built by the government through the last ten years . 3.Mahmoud Darwish wrote many poems. ( by…)Many poems were written by Mahmoud Darwish . 4.The teacher prepares the lesson before going to class. ( The lesson… )The lesson is prepared by the teacher before going to class . 5.The workers have dug a channel to irrigate cotton. ( A channel …)A channel has been dug to irrigate cotton . 6.My uncle has bought a new car. ( A new car… )A new car has been bought by my uncle . 7.Ayyobides built the old city of Jerusalem. ( The old …)The old city of Jerusalem was built by the Ayyobides .

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets: Use the form of (should … get/have …)1. My jacket’s got oil on it. (dry cleaner’s/clean)You should go to the dry cleaner's and have / get it cleaned . 2. My knee really hurts. (doctor/examine)You should go to the doctor and have / get it examined . 3. My hair is too long. (hairdresser's/cut)You should go to the hairdresser's and have / get it cut . 4. The car’s making a strange noise. (garage/check)You should go to the garage and have / get it checked . 5. My computer's gone dead. (technician / mend)You should go to the technician and have / get it mended .

WRITING Write a letter to your friend Samah greeting her for her letter and inviting her to spend the summer holiday with you . Tell her about the famous places that she can visit. Your name is Huda . You live in 33 Nasser St. , Rafah, South Gaza, Palestine.

33 Nasser St. ,Rafah ,

South Gaza ,Palestine .

22nd . May .2014

Dear Samah , I am very glad to write you this letter , hoping that you are in good health . I'd like to greet you for your kind letter . I'd like also to invite you to visit my country and see some famous places in our city " Rafah " .I am sure that you will like very much these places

I am looking forwards to seeing you soon .

With best wishes

Yours Huda

Unit NineLiving with Technology

speaking Write what you would say in the following situations:

1. Your friend thinks that the Internet has no advantage . (Disagreeing )I don’t agree with you . The Internet has many advantages . 2. Your cousin can't make a decision which to buy a computer or a lab top. (opinion )I'd prefer to buy a lab top because it's lighter and you can move with it anywhere

Complete the following dialogue: Ahmed: What are you doing ?Basim : I`m searching for information for school project.Ahmed: Can you use the internet ? you can find useful information.Basim : Yes, but I don`t have an internet access.Ahmed: What about using your school library ?Basim : You`re right. Our school library is full of useful books.Ahmed: May I come with you.Basim : Ok, I`ll wait for you to go together.Ahmed: Goodbye , Basim.Basim : Goodbye, Ahmed .

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage and answer the questions below :How are ordinary people’s lives being changed by technological change today?Our lives have been greatly changed by technology, and the speed of change is increasing daily. Computers are much more powerful and much smaller than they were in the 1960s. Moreover, as they are also much cheaper and much more widely available, this has led to the internet revolution and also to worldwide communication by e-mail. Modern computing power is also leading to more developments, including housework robots. Unlike early robots, housework robots need powerful Artificial Intelligence in order to learn simple tasks. Future robots are now in development and experimental prototypes will be built around 2015. After that, commercial production will probably begin in the early 2020s and prices will rapidly fall as more are produced.

Answer the following questions: 1. How are computers in the 1960s different from nowadays' computers?Computers are much more powerful and much smaller than they were in the 1960s.2. What is the importance of the modern computing power?It leads to more developments, including housework robots . 3. When will future robots be built?It will be built around 2015 .4. Why will robot prices decline?As more are produced , prices will decline .5.Name three big technological developments that science has already given us?Housework robots , calculators and labtops .

Decide whether the following statements are True [√] or False [X]: 1. Modern technology has no effect on our life. [ X ]2. Computers are now cheaper than they were in 1960s. [√ ]3. Housework robots learn simple tasks. [ X ]

Complete the following statements: 1. The development of computer has led to the internet revolution and to worldwide communication by e-mail2.If more robots are produced , the price will decline .

Find the opposites of the following words from the passage: bigger X smaller rise X decline more expensive X cheaper narrowly X widely decreasing X increasing

Find the synonyms of the following words from the passage: improvement = development about = around strong = powerful quickly = rapidly

What do the following pronouns and numbers refer to: they : Computers this : the price and the availability 2015 : time when experimental prototypes will probably be built .

VOCABULARY Complete the following sentences using the words from the box:-

( luxuries--experimental prototypes -- Artificial Intelligence - access -calculator—information - suitable - technology—laboratory—commercial )1. Scientists are working on developing robots with Artificial Intelligence to imitate the human thought.2. We have to check many suitable websites to complete the research.3. Before building the commercial production, scientists build experimental prototypes . 4. You should have internet access in order to communicate with others by e-mail.5. I'm searching for information to the school project.6. In 2015, experimental prototypes will be improved and go into commercial production.7. Our school laboratory lacks many equipment and chemical substances.8. Our lives have been greatly changed by means of technology .9. These maths problems are too difficult. You can use the calculator .10. Big cars, villas, lap tops and mobiles are luxuries. Not all people can afford them.

Match the words with the definitions:

N WordsN Definitions1robots5the study or use of computer systems .2revolution4an expression used to remind someone of a certain fact .3the internet1a machine that can move and do some of the work that a person

does.4after all3computer system that allows people in different places to send

each other information5I.T2a complete change .6communicate8careful study of something to find out new facts .7freely6express ideas or information to others, by speaking or writing .8research9advanced science used to sth. practical, eg, develop computers .9technology7without being stopped or controlled .

Complete the sentences with another word from the same family: 1. UN is an international organization . (organize)2. The computer is considered one of the greatest invention . (invent)3. New projects can sometimes achieve great commercial profits. ( commerce).4. The internet can be very useful, but you sometimes have to go through useless information before getting what you want. (The opposite adjectives from " use")5. Housework robots are going to be developed . (development)

Language Choose the correct answer in brackets:

1-Professor Honda (is being --is been--is) interviewed by Yasmin Nandi2-In 1980, robot arms (will be used --were used --used )in car factories.3-This big project ( definitely will make - will make definitely --will definitely make)Robot-Tech a famous name all over the world.4-Jenny’s father took a short holiday (in order –to- so that )he could see Palestine.

Change the following statements into passive: 1.Scientists had invented the computer in the 1940s .The computer had been invented in the 1940s .2.Engineers will build experimental prototypes .Experimental prototypes will be built .3.Scientists are really going to develop housework robots .Housework robots are really going to be developed .4.Scientists are developing many new ideas .Many new ideas are being developed . 5.Engineers were using robot arms in car factories . Robot arms were being used in car factories .6.Scientists have done the basic research .The basic research has been done .7.With rising production, the company will certainly reduce prices .With rising production , prices will certainly be reduced .

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:

1.Our lives have been changed. (already)Our lives have already been changed .2.Scientists are developing firefighting robots. They can do dangerous tasks. .(so that)Scientists are developing firefighting robots , so that they can do dangerous tasks 3.Jenny’s father took a short holiday. He wanted to see Palestine with Jenny . (in order to)Jenny’s father took a short holiday in order to see Palestine with Jenny . 4.Jenny and her father went to Jerusalem. They wanted to see the Al-Aqsa Mosque (so that)Jenny and her father went to Jerusalem so that they could see the Al-Aqsa Mosque .5.Many lives are going to be changed by the new technology. (certainly)Many lives are certainly going to be changed by the new technology .

Choose the correct phrasal verbs in the right tense to complete the following sentences:

( carry away – carry off – carry on – carry out – carry over )1. The doctors have carried out a test on Ahmad, but they haven’t found anything wrong yet.2.Yassir was worried about the interview, but he carries it off very well.3.There’s no time to finish the work now. We’ll have to carry some of it over till tomorrow.4.We always carries out a total of 58 safety checks on every machine.5.When our team won, we carried completely away and started jumping up and down!6.If we carry on walking along this road, we’ll come to the souk.7.I’m sure we’ll get there soon. We just have to carry on walking .8.Hanan had the most difficult piece of music to play, but she carried it off very well.9.We can’t argue with the manager’s instructions. We just have to carry it out .10.We’ve got a little money for new library books. Let’s carry it over to next year.

WRITING a. Write a short paragraph about ( The Advantages and Disadvantages of the INTERNET ):You may use the following ideas:(new invention – many advantages – useful websites– meet people everywhere – study and learning – research – a lot of information – learn languages – access to electronic journals – up to date dangerous, personal information accessed by other people – immoral sites – evil ideas – values – waste time.

ORb. Write a paragraph:Answer these questions to write a paragraph. Use these connectors(at the moment – but – whereas – on the other hand )1.Do you have a school net?2. What do you use it for?3.Does it offer complete and free access to the internet or just materials have beenprepared by the Ministry of Education?4.Do you have enough computers or use a booking system?5.Do you think the internet always offers useful information?

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the INTERNET

Internet is a very useful and important invention, first we use internet in the studying and learning, it contains a lot of information, shorten the distance and win the time, then, and we can learn other languages and access to electronic journals. By the internet we can meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friend, we can also explore follow up everything that is happening in the world . However, internet has many disadvantage for example, it contains hidden dangers, first if you use the internet, your personal information such as your name, address, etc., can be accessed by other people. Also there are many immoral and porn sites that spread in many ways and it can destroy our morals, next, the internet is full of ideas that contradictory to our religion and our values. In addition a lot of people spend a lot of hours using the internet and waste their time. In conclusion, we must take care and be careful when we use the internet.

OR

My school has a net which every students can use and benefit with it . I and my friends at school use the net for finding out the information that we need in our school projects and researches . In my school we don’t have enough computers so we ask our Palestinian Ministry of Education to provide school with enough computers . I think the internet offers useful information . on the other hand the internet may be harmful if we use it wrongly .

Unit ten

What if…..? speaking

Write what you would say in the following situations: 1.Your friend didn't study for the exam so she failed .give advice (Advise her using: should have)You should have studied hard for the exam . 2.You need some information about the Aral Sea. You don't have internet and you want to use your friend's net. (Ask for permission)Can I use your net , please ?3.Your class is going on a trip . (Suggest a place)What about going to the sea ?

Complete the following dialogue: Manar: What are you doing now?Hanan: I'm going to the internet shop .Manar: Do you always go on the internet?Hanan: No , I don’t , but now I have to find information for the school project.Manar: What is it about ?Hanan: It's about the problem of the Dead Sea.Manar: Well, I have a book about it.Hanan: Can I borrow it ? Manar: Of course. You can borrow it.Hanan: Thanks a lot . Manar: Not at all.

READING COMPREHENSIONRead the passage and answer the questions below:The Aral Sea was the world's fourth – largest freshwater lake until the 1960s when the Moscow Government decided to turn the region into a major cotton producer. The government needed money ,and cotton, sells well internationally. However, cotton needed too much water which was being taken from the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea. Increasing amounts of farm chemicals were also being used. By 1983, all the river water was being taken. The rivers were dry, and the Aral Sea was also evaporating. Soon, the water was too salty. The fish died and the fishing industry, too. Over 60000 fishermen lost their jobs. There have been other disastrous effects. Strong winds blow salty, polluted dust from the seabed across the land. This and the polluted water are causing cancer and other killer diseases. Many children are also being born with physical defects. Now the cotton itself is dying. The irrigation water brings salts which remain in the ground and cover the plants’ roots.

Answer these questions: 1. Is the Aral sea a freshwater lake or a salt water one?The Aral sea is a freshwater lake . 2. What was the aim of growing cotton?Money . 3. Where did they take the water to irrigate cotton?They took water from the two rivers that feed the Aral Sea.

4. How did the project of growing cotton lead to bad effects on human health?

It caused cancer , polluted dust , polluted water and other killer diseases. Many children are also being born with physical defects.5. How did the land become dead and the project fail , finally?The irrigation water brings salts which remain in the ground and cover the plants’ roots . that caused dying of the cotton .

Complete the following: a. The fish died because the water was too salty .b. After the death of fish and fishing industry, over 60000 fishermen lost their jobs .

Find in the passage: a . The synonyms of the words :area of land = region supported = fed stay = remainquantity = amount changing into steam= evaporating

b. The opposite of:salt water X fresh water nationally X inter nationally causes X effects minor X major decreasing X increasing discover X cover

c. What do the underlined words and numbers refer to:1960s : The year when the Aral Sea stopped being the fourth largest lake in the world . 1983 : The year when all the river water was being taken . their : fishermenwhich : water

VOCABULARY Complete the following sentences with the correct words: ( polluting - foreseen - defects - roots - region - irrigation - evaporation - environment –

shrinking – rusty )1. Clouds are formed as a result of evaporation . 2. We shouldn't pollute the water that is used for irrigation . 3. Gases, farm chemicals and rubbish all these are polluting environment.4. If the engineers had made good plans, they might have foreseen what would happen.5. The store is full of dusty, rusty tools.6. We shouldn't throw away rubbish in order to keep the environment clean and healthy.7. Dangerous rays may lead to birth defects .8. The Dead Sea is shrinking because the Israeli occupation takes the waterfrom the River Jordon that feeds it.9. Plants take water and food from the roots .10. Farmers grow cotton in the region along the river.

Complete the sentences with another word from the same family:

1. Most of the passengers died in the accident, a few of them were found a live . (life)2. We need strict governmental laws to prevent people throwing rubbish in the streets. (govern)3. China has industrialized many products. (industry)4. It would be a successful project if the workers carried it out as it is planned. (success) 5. Pollution is an international problem. (pollute)

Match the words with their definitions :

N WordsN Definitions1farm chemicals2make air, water or land dangerous for people to use .2pollute1sth. that is made by chemists to help crops to grow .3industry4bring sth. new into use for the first time .4introduce3an area of work that produces a particular kind of product .5producer5person or company that produces particular products for sale .6internationally10relating to your body .7disaster7event that causes great damage to the natural world .8dust9illness – usually one that can pass from person to person .9disease8very small pieces of dirt that cover everything like powder .10physical6in several or many countries .

Give the opposites of the following from the words in brackets: ( shrinking – danger – effects – increasing – continued – bring )

Take : bring stopped : continued decreasing : increasing Growing : shrinking safety : danger causes : effects

Complete the sentences with one – word compounds: 1. The problem of high prices is found widely all over the world. It's a worldwide problem.2. The water in the Mediterranean Sea is salty. The Mediterranean Sea is a salt water sea.3. When we see a fire, we usually call the men who stop fire .They are called firemen 4. The engineers should have seen the disastrous effects before they happened. They hadn't foreseen the disastrous effects.5. There are thousands of creatures which live on the bed of the sea. They live on the seabed . 6. The water in the ground can be polluted by sewage. The ground water can be polluted by sewage.7. The water in Lake Nasser is fresh. Lake Nasser is a fresh water lake.8. The card that you write a message on and send to somebody is a message card . 9. Please take the letter from the man who delivers letters. Please take it from the letter delivers . letter man 10. You can go to the police station and tell the man there what you saw. You can go and tell the police man .

Language Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets: The price of petrol is increasing rapidly. ( rapid)

There is a rapid increase in the price of petrol . There was a steady decline in the amount of water in the Aral Sea. ( steadily)

The amount of water in the Aral Sea declined steadily .

The number of population is jumping quickly. ( jump)

There is a quick jump in the number of population . The production of oil is dropping fast. ( drop)

There is a fast drop in the production of oil . The boy failed because he didn't study hard. (If )

If he had studied hard , he wouldn’t have failed .

I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything. ( If )If I had been hungry , I would have eaten anything .

Mahmoud didn't study hard, so he didn't get high grades. (If )If Mahmoud had studied hard , he would have got high grades .

Choose the correct answer from brackets: 1. She agreed (apologize –to apologize – apologizing – apologized) to her friend . 2. He suggested ( go – to go – went – going ) to the beach . 3. I feel like ( have – having – to have – had) a cup of tea . 4. Would you mind (explain – explaining – to explain – explained) the lesson, please? 5. They've promised (visit – visiting – to visit – visited) us . 6. I couldn't understand what he said, but he seemed (be – being – was – to be) ill . 7. I'd like (going – go – to go – went) to the restaurant. 8. The driver tried to avoid (crash – crashing – to crash crashed) into the coming car .9. I didn't expect him (come – coming – to come – came) so fast . 10. To master the language, you should practise (speak – to speak – spoke – speaking) more and more.11. She hopes (finish – finishing – to finish – finished ) the project tonight. 12. I enjoyed (listening – listen – to listen – listened ) to that program. 13. Mr. Samy decided ( travelling , travelled – travelling – to travel ) abroad. 14. I considered (wrote – write – writing – to write ) a letter to my friend. 15. I asked her (call – calling – called – to call) back. 16. After my mother had finished ( cook – to cook – cooking – cooked ) my father came. 17. Don't delay (do – doing – to do – did ) your homework. 18. What subject would you choose (study –studying – to study – studied ) ?

writing Write out these sentences in full form:

1. In 1960, the Aral Sea had an est. area of 68,000 km2 and a volume of approx. 1,040 km2.In 1960 , the Aral Sea had an estimated area of 68,000 square kilo meters and a volume of approximately 1,040 square kilo meters . 2. About 97% of all Earth's water is salt water in the oceans.About ninty seven percent of all Earth's water is salt water in the oceans . 3. 15 -13 = 2Fifteen minus thirteen equals two . 4. 50 + 21 = 71Fifty plus twenty one equals seventy one .

Write out these sentences in note form:

1. The car's top speed of one hundred fifty miles per hour equals two hundred twentykilometers per hour.The car's top speed of 150 mph = 220 kph . 2. The plane arrives at eleven forty – four in the morning and leaves a gain at one thirty in the afternoon.The plane arrives at 11 : 44 a.m and leaves a gain at 1 : 30 p.m . 3. In north-east Scotland, temperatures after one in the morning will fall to minus three degrees centigrade.In NE Scotland , temperatures after 1 : 00 a.m will fall to -3 C .

4. The Atlantic Ocean has an area of approximately 92.373.000 square kilometersThe Atlantic Ocean has an area of approx 92.373.000 km2 . 5. Kuwait had the world's highest population growth rate of 75.7 per cent from 1990to 2000Kuwait had the world's highest pop. growth rate of 75.7% from 1990 to 2000 .

Write out the full forms of the following abbreviations:Abbreviations and symbols

Full formsAbbreviations and symbols

Full forms

KphKilometers per hour

est.estimated

amBefore middayCdegrees centigrade pmAfter middaymphMiles per hour=equalscmCentimeters

e.g.for examplemmMillimetersNENorth East%Per cent SWSouth WestpopPopulationKm2Square

Kilometers -minus

Km3Cubic Kilometersapproxapproximately

Write about the environment: (Use the following ideas) Paragraph 1What's meant by environment? What types of pollutants that spoil the environment around us?

Paragraph 2How to protect the environment?( put rubbish in bins / travel short distances on foot / turn off lights/ grow plants and trees / have a shower instead of a bath / not use chemicals)

The environment is every thing which around us from water, air, animals, waste, plants, buildings and other things that surround us. There are many things which pollute the environment such as smoke from a factory , cars , cigarette smoke , burning leaves and chemicals . To protect our country we should avoid through rubbish in the street , practice recycling of waste , factories should be moved to land outside cities . A great number of trees should be planted along the sides of the roads .We should travel short distance on foot and turn of the lights when we finish doing something . We should stop using chemicals .

All The Best