Water logging & its control

Salinity & its control

Water Logging:If water table rise to such a level through capillary action to the surface & root zone, that it cannot conveniently permit an anticipated activity this situation is called WATER LOGGING

Inadequate surface Drainage Seepage from canal system Over irrigation of fields Obstruction of natural drainage Impermeable clay layer below the soil

Obliteration of natural drainage Inadequate capacity for arterial drainage

Construction of a water reservoir

Natural obstruction to the flow of ground water

Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.

Decrease in available capillary water

Fall in soil temperature Defective air circulation     Rise of salt   

Delay in cultivation operations     Growth of flora Adverse effects on community health

Less availability of oxygen 

Preventive measures

Curative measures

Preventive Measures

Providing efficient surface Drainage. Reducing percolation from canals. Restriction of irrigation. Adoption of sprinkler method for

irrigation Removing obstructions in natural

drainage. Changes in crop pattern.

Curative Measures

Providing a vertical drainage system

Providing a horizontal drainage system

SalinityIf the concentration of harmful

salts in the root zone of a plant increases to such on extent that plant growth is effected, this situation is called Salinity.Salinity.

The factors contributing towards the problem of salinity are almost same as that of water logging.

Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2 SO4 etc.

When these soluble alkali salts are excess in soil and further ground water table is very near to ground, these salts get mixed with ground water and with upward movement of   water not only accumulated in first 3~4ft of soil layer below ground surface but also form a tin 2”~3” crust on surface.

Corrosive Action to Plants.

Formation of Alkali Soil.

Preventive Measures

Curative Measures

Preventive Measures

Controlled Irrigation. Providing adequate surface drainage.

Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.

Reducing surface evaporation. Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.

Curative Measures

Treatment by Leaching Process

Chemical Treatment

Treatment by Mulching

Treatment by Leaching ProcessLeaching is the process of extracting minerals from a solid by

dissolving them in a liquid, either in nature or through an industrial process. In the chemical processing industry, leaching has a variety of commercial applications, including separation of metal from ore using acid, and sugar from beets using hot water.

Step 01.Providing adequate sub surface artificial drainage.

Step 02.Leaching salts from the top 3~4ft of soil to ground water table by flooding the land.

Step 03.Growing salt resistant crops (e.g. rice) for one or two seasons.

Chemical Treatment

PRINCIPLEMixing gypsum CaSO4 (@ 1 ton/acre) with salt effected soil in presence of water. CaSO4+Na2CO3 ---------> Na2So4

+CaO +CO

Treatment by MulchingMulch is simply a protective layer of a material that

is spread on top of the soil. Mulches can either be organic -- such as grass clippings, straw, bark chips, and similar materials -- or inorganic -- such as stones, brick chips, and plastic

It involves covering the effected land with a covering of soil (Mulch) to reduce evaporation losses.