- video. Passage of air from outside the body to the lungs and gas exchange.
Transcript of - video. Passage of air from outside the body to the lungs and gas exchange.
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Passage of air from outside the body to the lungs and gas exchange
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3 Main Functions:
• supply oxygen to the blood
• remove carbon dioxide from the blood
• regulate blood pH
Breathing vs Respiration
-getting air to the lungs 3 Types: (movement of gases)
1. External O2/CO2 exchange in lungs
2. Internal gas exchange at the tissue level
3. Cellular utilizing O2 for energy
Conductive Zone vs Respiratory Zone
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Nasal cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
• warm
• humidfy
• filter
-hairs
-mucous
Bronchioles
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Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar sac
• gas exchange
• each sac covered by network of capillaries short diffusion
- grape like structure
-HUGE surface area
?
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
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“movement of air from outside the body to the lungs”
Diaphragm is the principle muscle in controlling breathing upon stimulation, will contract
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Air outside Air inside
PRESSURE CHANGES
High pressure Low pressure
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So how do we breath?
Diaphragm contracts (moves down)
Chest increases in size air space increases
Decrease in pressure in the lungs
.: Pressure outside body > inside body
Air rushes in
INHALATION (active process)
EXHALATION (passive/active)
Diaphragm relaxes
Chest decreases in size air space decreases
Increase in pressure in the lungs
.: Pressure outside body < inside body
Air rushes out Quiet breathing
Forced breathing
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Ventilation (VE )
“The volume of air that is moved in 1 minute.”
VE (L/min)= VT (L) x f (breaths/min)
Air in and out
Tidal Volume
• volume of air in each breath
• rest = 0.5 L/min
max = 3-4 L/min
Respiratory frequency
• number of breaths per minute
• rest = 12 breaths/min
max = 30-40 breaths/min
Ventilation at maximum?
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Graphically????
What controls ventilation?
CNS medulla oblongata (contraction/relaxation of muscles)
-O2 vs CO2 needs
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
-blood pH (buffer)
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So we’ve got the air to the lungs. . .
Lung Volumes
Static
vs
Dynamic
-volumes determined by structure of lung
-volumes dependent on movement of air
TLC = VC + RV
Total Lung Capacity
• max air lungs hold
Vital Capacity
• max air exhaled following max inhale
Residual Volume
• remaining air in lungs after max exhale
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Now what happens with the air in the lungs?
Gas Exchange (Alveoli)
• Respiration
• Lungs O2 blood CO2 Lungs
DIFFUSION!!
* Read pages 123-124 *
• Describe partial pressures
• Explain the 3 factors that contribute to gas exchange
•Diffusion pathway
•Barrier thickness
•Surface area
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O2 Transport• 2% dissolved in plasma
• VAST majority binds to hemoglobin (1.34 ml of O2 per molecule)
• OXYHAEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE
-Percent saturation of hemoglobin (SbO2%)
-Pressure of oxygen in the blood (PO2)
What does this graph illustrate?
The lower the PO2, the less O2 will bind to hemoglobin
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Carbon Dioxide Transport
Read page 125: Carbon Dioxide Transport and Ventilation and the Regulation of Blood pH
Make your own brief notes on:
a) The 3 ways in which CO2 is transported in the blood
b) The role pH plays in human ventilation