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Transcript of There is an enormous selection of different timbers available. This range can be split into two...
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MaterialsPractical Woodworking
National 4 & 5
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Wood
There is an enormous selection of different timbers available. This range can be split into two groups:
Softwoods
Hardwoods
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Softwoods
Timbers which come from trees that are coniferous (evergreen)
Needle like leaves
Seeds found in cones
Most grow fast
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Red Pine
Yellow/white softwood
Straight grain Cheap Lightweight Easy to work with Use for exterior and
interior work Suitable for turning
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White Pine
Yellow/white softwood
Cheap Lightweight Easy to work with Use for exterior and
interior work Suitable for turning Used in construction
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Spruce
Pale brown/red Small knots Cheap Fairly strong Easy to work Very resistant to
splitting Lightweight Use for interior work
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Larch
Pale Red Heavy Hard Good water
resistance Easy to work Used in construction
and flooring
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Cedar Light brown
softwood Lots of knots Durable Good water
resistance Medium weight Low strength Easy to work Used for furniture
and veneers
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Douglas Fir
Pale Yellow/white softwood
Straight grain Knot free Lightweight Fairly strong Splits easily Use for exterior
work and plywood
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Hardwoods
Come from trees which are deciduous
Have broad leaves that shed in the winter
Slow growing
Have few knots
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Mahogany
Red/brown hardwood
Strong Good water
resistance Easy to work and
machine Used for furniture
and veneers
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Oak
Pale yellow/brown hardwood
Heavy Hard and strong Expensive Can corrode steel
screws from acid Boat building,
barrels, high end furniture and floors
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Ash
Pale brown hardwood
Expensive Strong Uses include
veneers and furniture
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Walnut
Dark brown hardwood
Cross grain makes planning difficult
Strong Can be used both
indoors and out for high end furniture and exterior joinery
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Beech
Pale yellow hardwood
Hard and heavy Good for machining Not suitable for
outdoors Suitable for tool
handles, worktops, furniture and floors
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Teak
Brown hardwood Hard and strong Straight grain Difficult to glue
because of oil in wood
Used in high end furniture, lab benches and ship decking
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Man-made Boards
Wide boards of hardwood and softwood are expensive and can warp
Available in large boards
Does not warp
Cost less to buy
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Chipboard
Gluing chips of wood together under heat and pressure
Veneer and plastic laminate faced chipboard common
Use for worktops, shelves and furniture making
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Hardboard Made by mixing wood
fibres together with resin glue and water then pressed into sheets
Not very strong Usually used to
support timber frames
Found in drawers and cabinets
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MDF Medium Density
Fibreboard Compressed under
great pressure Cheap, strong,
easily shaped and finished
Used for all types of furniture, kitchen worktops etc.
Laminated for ease of washing
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Plywood Layers or plies of
wood glued together
Grain of ply laid at right angles to the next
Strong Used for back of
cabinets, drawers and lightweight box construction
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Blockboard
Sandwich of softwood strips between two plies
Cheaper to manufacture than plywood
Lightweight and strong
Used for doors and box construction
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