- The trade of goods

- The expansion of commerce

- Evolution of tools for calculations A sumerian clay tablet

- 1640s Blaise Pascal: adding machine

- 1800s Charles Babbage: problem solving tools

The Pascaline (adding machine)- 1822 Babbage and John Herschel - difference engine

- analytical engine

- Ada Augusta Countess of Lovelace

Joseph Marie Jaquard’s loom

- 1801 Joseph Marie Jaquard’s loom

- punched cards

- patterns

- USA: 18801890 population: 50 millions 63 millions

- using employees - more than 10 years - Dr. Herman Hollerith’s machines - six weeks - punched cards

Dr. Herman Hollerith’s machines

First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation

1959 Jack KilbyTexas Instruments

1956 William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain

The first IBM logo

- Census success Hoolerit founded Tabulating Machine Company

- 1924 the TMC merged into IBM

- Invented in 1944 by Howard G. Aiken

- 500 miles of wire

- 51 feet long

- general purpose

The Mark I

The Colossus

- Built in 1943

- Used to break military codes

The ENIAC

- Built in 1946- Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchley- 19,000 vacuum tubes- 70,000 resistors- 5 million soldered joints.

- 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications, 38 divisions in a whole second- general purpose

- Grace Hopper (U.S. Navy) MARK I

- Adele Goldstein ENIAC

- John V. Atanasoff (Iowa University)

- 1939 all-electronic computer

- meet Clifford Berry

- ~1945 John Von Neumann

John Von Neumann

A part of the EDVAC

- EDVAC stands for “Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer”

- commercial purpose

A UNIVAC terminal

- UNIVAC stands for “UNIVersal Automatic Computer”

- commercial purpose

- 1950s: first generation computers

- Used in the 1950’s census

- 1952: Used by the General

Electric Company

- The first softwares