The French Revolution It begins with privilege and excess…
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Transcript of The French Revolution It begins with privilege and excess…
The French RevolutionIt begins with privilege and excess…
The Breakdown of French Estates
Everybody else…(60-70% of the land)
• Bourgeoisie – middle class of France; controlled most of the
wealth• Sans-Culottes – Urban workers and
traders/artisans • Peasants – worked on farms for the
nobles, struggled to survive
Nobility of France(1.5% of the population
controlled 20-30% of the land)
Roman Catholic Clergy(.5% of the population
10% of the land)
Louis XVI
Married Marie Antoinette at 15
Bored with affairs of state, preferred physical activities, like hunting
King at 20
Wanted to improve the lives of the common people Gave up at little resistance
Marie Antoinette
Symbol of excess
Promised to Louis XVI to cement ties between Austria and France Frivolous at a young age Hated being at the French
court
Queen at 19 Loved to spend money and
gamble
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
Leader of Girondins – moderate bourgeois faction that opposed the Jacobins
Clerk in lawyer’ offices at Chartes, then Paris Wanted to write
Member: third estate
Argued for the maintaining the monarchy Opposition: Robespierre
Marquis de Lafayette Major role in American Revolution
Served Washington Fled France during the revolution
but was important in rebuilding afterward
Member: 2nd estate
Advocated for a governing body representing the three social classes Helped draft the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of Citizen
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
Churchman and constitutional theorist Popular sovereignty – rule
by the majority of the people
Member: First estate
Wrote “What is the Third Estate?” Only the Third Estate had
the right to draft a new constitution because they were the backbone of France
Olympe de Gouges
Active in political and social issues Divorce, maternity hospitals, and the
rights of orphaned children and unmarried mothers
Famous work, “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the [Female] Citizen”
Moderate Girondin
Citizens to chose their government
Jean-Paul Marat
Hated aristocracy
Radical Jacobin party who was hated by the Girondin
Assassinated by the Girondin Charlotte Corday Martyr for his cause,
solidifying the radical views he supported on the Jacobin side
Maximilien Robespierre
Radical Jacobin
Leader of the Committee of Public Safety
Wanted a public role, became a follower of Rousseau “The Incorruptible”
Helped to write Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen
Georges Danton
Chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of the First French Republic
Member of the Committee of Public Safety Started to lose support because
he wanted to stabilize the government
Disapproved of Robespierre’s Great Terror