CASS: Critical Analysis with Secondary Sources

Take a few minutes to read through the topics and guidelines of this assignment…

Please have out two annotated readings for me to check.

Computer Lab 10/30Outline Due 11/3Paper Due 11/11

Research…

Gale Student Resources

Ebsco Student Research

Center Proquest Research Bloom’s Literary

Reference Literary Reference

Center Literature Resource

Center

Try to use things labeled as “Critical Essay” and and “Literary Analysis”

Avoid citing Encyclopedias with no individual author…

These are fine to get background knowledge, but not great as a secondary source in your paper…

Othello Essay: Formatting References

Italicize the titles of plays. Macbeth is a play by William Shakespeare (not a novel! Not a book!)

Place a parenthetical reference after each quotation containing its act, scene, and line numbers separated by periods.

Do not use page numbers!Cite line-number ranges under 100 like this: 34–

37. Above 100, repeat only the last two digits of the second number: 211–12 (but of course, 397–405 and 96–102).

E.g. (1.5.268–76).

Formatting References, cont’d Use arabic numerals for all reference numbers.

(Some older texts used roman numerals for act and scene references — like this: III.viii.7–34 — but modern scholars use arabic numerals.)

You may refer to a scene in the text with the act and scene numbers — in arabic numerals — separated by a period.

In 3.1, Hamlet delivers his most famous soliloquy.

Formatting References, cont’d

Do not say: “In Act III, scene i, Hamlet delivers his most famous soliloquy.”

Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks:“Periods and commas,” says Mr. Phelan, “always go inside quotation marks.”

Quoting Prose (Mechanics)

1. If a prose quotation runs four lines or less, put it in quotation marks and incorporate it in the text.

Lady Macbeth first learns of the witches from her husband’s letter: “'They met me in the

day of success: and I have learned by the

perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge’” (1.5.1-3).

Quoting Prose (Mechanics)2. Format prose quotations that run more than

four lines as block quotations. Start on a new line and set the quotation one inch in from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks. A colon generally introduces a block quotation.

In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth first learns off the witches from her husband’s letter: They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge. When I burned in desire  to question them further, they made themselves air, into which they vanished.

WhilesI stood rapt in  the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who  all-hailed

me'Thane of Cawdor;' by which title,  before, these weird sisters saluted me, and referred  me to the coming on of time... (1.5.1-10).

Quoting Verse! (Mechanics)

1. If you quote all or part of a single line of verse, put it in quotation marks within your text.

Macbeth, urging caution, initially refuses to carry out the murder of Duncan, telling his

wife “We will proceed no further in this

business” (1.7.34).

Quoting Verse! (Mechanics)2. You may also incorporate two or three

lines in the same way, using a slash with a space on each side [ / ] to separate them.

Macbeth, urging caution, initially refuses to carry out the murder of Duncan, telling his wife “We will proceed no further in this business. /He hath honored me of late, and I have bought / Golden opinions from all sorts of people” (1.7.34).

Quoting Verse! (Mechanics)3. Verse quotations of more than three lines should be set

as block quotations: start a new line and set each line one inch in from the left margin, adding no quotation marks not appearing in the original. If the quotation starts in the middle of a line of verse, reproduce it that way, don’t shift it to the left margin.

Jaques begins his famous speech by comparing the world to a theater:                                        All the world’s a stage

And all the men and women merely players:They have their exits and their entrances;And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages. (2.7.138–42)

He then proceeds to enumerate and analyze these ages.

Quoting Verse! (Mechanics)4. If you quote dialogue between two or more characters in a play,

set the quotation off from your text as described above. Begin each part of the dialogue with the appropriate character’s name indented one inch from the left margin and written in all capital letters. Follow the name with a period, and start the quotation. Indent all subsequent lines in the character’s speech an additional quarter inch. When the dialogue shifts to another character, start a new line indented one inch from the left margin. Maintain this pattern throughout the entire quotation.

A short time later, Lear’s daughters try to dismiss all of their father’ servants:

GONERIL.                         Hear me, my lord.      What need you five-and-twenty, ten, or five      To follow in a house where twice so many      Have command to tend you?REGAN.                                   What need one?LEAR. O, reason not the need! (2.4.254–58)

Quote Integration!

There are four main ways to integrate a quote:

1. Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.

In 2.3, the drunken Porter provides dark comic relief as he pretends to be manning the door of hell: “Here’s a knocking indeed! If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key” (1-3).

Quote Integration!

2. Use an introductory or explanatory phrase, but not a complete sentence, separated from the quotation with a comma.

In 2.3, the drunken Porter provides dark comic relief when saying, “If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key” (2-3).

Quote Integration!

3. Make the quotation a part of your own sentence without any punctuation between your own words and the words you are quoting.

Macbeth, urging caution, tells his wife that “[they] will proceed no further in this business” (1.7.34), as he initially refuses to carry out the murder of Duncan.

***Notice that the word "that" is used in the examples above, and when it is used as it is in the examples, "that" replaces the comma which would be necessary without "that" in the sentence. 

Quote Integration!

4. Use short quotations--only a few words--as part of your own sentence.

Immediately after the murder of Duncan, the drunken Porter’s scene provides dark comic relief, as the audience sees this drunken buffoon pretending to “devil-porter” the door while he leisurely attend to his duties--- holding forth on his own “carousing” and the ambiguous effect the substance has on “lechery” (2.3.17-25).

Quote Integration!

Quotes within quotes: “He said ‘Chimp!’” (Chimp 23).

Blending Quotes!Use Brackets [like so] for clarifying a sentence, or

helping it flow with a quote: Chuck Mangione reflects on the nature of reality,

positing that “nothing here [in the world] is real” (96).

Being concise is the key to quoting well!You can always omit parts of quotes using “…”NEVER AGAIN WRITE: “This quote shows…” or

“This quote says…”For this essay, quote should always be attached

to character!

INTRODUCE, INTEGRATE, INTERPRET

Make sure you INTERPRET Quotes…Restating, or summarizing a quote

does not in constitute ANALYSIS.

Model…

Let’s look at this model CASS Wuthering Heights Essay and see what we’re going for…