Summary Writing

Idea Catching

Understanding Each Paragraph

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I. Idea Catching

WHAT?

What does the writer want to tell us?

How does he make clear his story?

By cause and effect writing

His experiences of learning English at different stages

HOW?

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Para.

Topic Detail

1 general experience of learning a foreign language: __________yet ___________

2 experience in _____________________ cause & effect ?

3 experience in _____________________ cause &effect ?

4 experience at ____________ cause &effect ?

5-7 experiences about _______________ What? 8 benefits of learning a foreign language cause &

effect ?

difficult rewardingjunior middle school

senior middle school

college

online learning

II. Understanding Each Paragraph

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Para. 2

The kind and patient teacher often praised the students.

Cause:

Effect:I eagerly answered questions, not worrying about making mistakes. I was at the top of my class.

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Para. 3

Effect:

The new teacher quickly punished those who gave wrong answers.

I lost my eagerness to answer questions and my desire to say anything in English.

Cause:

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Para. 4

Effect: I was afraid to speak. My English seemed to stay at the same level.

Large classes made me only able to answer a couple of questions in each class period. Many students spoke much better than I did.

Cause:

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1. What does online learning require? 2. Why did he carry a notebook with

him?3. Did he have any trouble learning

online ?4. Did he succeed in learning English?

uestions and nswers

2. He listed any new words he heard.2. He listed any new words he heard.

3. Sometimes he made many embarrassing mistakes, cried with frustration, felt like giving up.

3. Sometimes he made many embarrassing mistakes, cried with frustration, felt like giving up.

4. Yes, he reaped the benefits of all the hard work.

4. Yes, he reaped the benefits of all the hard work.

1. It requires time, commitment and

discipline.

1. It requires time, commitment and

discipline.

Para. 5-7Para. 5-7

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Causes:

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________

4. ____________________________________

give me the value of hard work

give me insights into another culturecommunicate with more people reach out to others and bridge

the gap between my language

and culture and theirs

Effect:not trade the experience for anything else

Para. 8Para. 8

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III. Summary Writing Learning a foreign language was one of the most dif

ficult yet most ( 有意义的经历 ) ____________

__________. Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it was ( 非常有价值 ) ________ __________. In junior middle school, my foreign teacher ( 表扬 ) _________all of the students. I benefit a lot from this positive teaching method. In senior middle school, the teacher always （惩罚） ___________ those who gave incorrect answers. So I ( 失去乐趣 ) ____________in answering questions and my desire to say anything at all in English. In

college, I had no __________ to speak in class. I

experiences

praised

punished

well worth

lost my joy

rewarding

opportunity

the effort

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felt intimidated. ( 网上学习 ) _______________ changed everything. Although it requires much _________, _____________and _________to keep up with the flow of the course, I succeeded in foreign language learning. Learning a foreign language has been a most ( 艰辛的的经历 ) _________________. I have gained _______ into another culture as well as the language points.

commitment discipline

trying experience insights

Online learning

time

Paraphrase

Translation

Analysis

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1. Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it was well worth the effort. (L2)

ParaphraseParaphrase Although at times, learning a language was

disappointing, it was rewarding enough to spend the time and effort on it.

虽然学习一种语言时常遭遇挫折，但付出的努虽然学习一种语言时常遭遇挫折，但付出的努力却很值得。力却很值得。

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2. Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never

worrying much about making mistakes. (L6)

Paraphrase Paraphrase

Because of the effective and helpful method, I was very willing to answer all the questions I could, and I never worried about making mistakes.

由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种

问题，从不怕答错。问题，从不怕答错。

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1) Difference between “because of” and “because”

because of + sth./doing sth.

because + a sentence

She had to quit school because of ill health.

He can not remember the new words because he never uses them.

e.g.e.g.

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2) “worrying about making mistakes” 是现在分词短语作状语

e.g.

Climbing to the top of the tower,

we saw a beautiful sight.

Not wanting to meet John there,

he refused to attend the party.

When we climbed to the top of the tower,When we climbed to the top of the tower,

Because he didn’t want to meet John there,Because he didn’t want to meet John there,

Practice

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Make your choice and tell why:1. His remarks left me ______ about his

real purpose. A. wondered B. wondering2. You will see this product ______

wherever you go. A. advertised B. advertising3. All things______, the planned trip will

have to be called off. B. consideredA. considering

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焦点记忆 :现在分词—主动意义

过去分词—被动意义作状语1. 分词

分词作状语时

2. 2. 分词的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。分词的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。3. 3. 分词有时也可有自己独立的逻辑主语，这时分词的逻辑分词有时也可有自己独立的逻辑主语，这时分词的逻辑

主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构称为独立结构。主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构称为独立结构。4. 4. 现在分词在意思上与逻辑主语是主动关系， 而过去分词现在分词在意思上与逻辑主语是主动关系， 而过去分词

与逻辑主语则为被动关系。与逻辑主语则为被动关系。

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3. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English. (L13)(L13)

Paraphrase I not only didn’t feel happy answering questions,

but also didn’t want to say anything in English.

Note

我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就

不想再用英语说半个字。不想再用英语说半个字。

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With “not only” or “only” placed at the beginning of a sentence, the sentence order should be inverted ( 倒装 ) .

e.g. Not only did we enjoy the film, but we also had a wonderful time.

Any other expressions like not only?

表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首作状语时 , 句子用部分倒装。

never/little/few/hardly

seldom

nowhere

in no way

under no circumstances

no sooner... than...

scarcely (hardly)... when...

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Paraphrase

4. I worked hard to meet the minimum standards set by the course and to complete assignments on time. (L33)(L33)

I worked hard to reach the lowest standards allowed by the course and to finish the homework on time.

e.g.

Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience.

我尽力达到课程的最低限度的要求，我尽力达到课程的最低限度的要求，

并按时完成任务。并按时完成任务。

past participle phrase used as an attribute.

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5. Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn’t trade for anything. (L44)(L44)

paraphrase Leaning a foreign language has been an experience f

ull of difficulties, but I wouldn’t exchange it for anything else.

“that I wouldn’t trade for anything” 是定语从句修

饰“ one” (= a most trying experience).

学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种无比珍贵的经历。但却是一种无比珍贵的经历。

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6. Now thatNow that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken,

I can participate and make friends. (L50)(L50) Paraphrase As I can speak a foreign language, I can take part

in the conversation and make friends, and I no longer look into the distance when someone is speaking English.

now that =because (something has happened) ...

现在我已能够说外语，别人讲英语时我不再现在我已能够说外语，别人讲英语时我不再

茫然不解了， 我能够参与并结交朋友。茫然不解了， 我能够参与并结交朋友。

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7. I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs. (L52)(L52)

Paraphrase

I am able to communicate with others and make smaller the differences between my language and culture and theirs.

我能理解别人的话，并能够弥合我所说的语言和我能理解别人的话，并能够弥合我所说的语言和

所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。

Matching Game

Enlarge Your Vocabulary

Word Using Chinese to English

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1. frustrate (L2)

v. ① to cause sb. to feel angry or disappointed

Use itUse it

— Was there anything making you frustrated?Was there anything making you frustrated?

— I was frustrated by…I was frustrated by…

近义、同义词近义、同义词 discourage disappoint upset annoy

I. Word Using

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1. frustrate (L2)

—② to prevent someone’s plans, efforts from succeeding

The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.out.

恶劣的天气使我们出门的希望化为泡影。

TranslationTranslation

KeyKey

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2. positive (L6)

adj.① effective; helpful

TranslationTranslation别只是看着，给我提些积极的建议吧。别只是看着，给我提些积极的建议吧。

KeyKey

Don’t just watch;

give me some

positive advice.

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2. positive (L6)

② definite and clear

collocatiocollocatio

nn

反义词反义词negative(negative( 消极的，负面的，否定的消极的，负面的，否定的 ) )

answersanswers

ordersorders

instructionsinstructions

proof/evidenceproof/evidence

attitudeattitude

methodmethod

positivepositive

The most disabled person in the world is a negative thinker.

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3. communicate (L29)

v. exchange ideas

Use itUse it

1) How do deaf people communicate?1) How do deaf people communicate?

They use...They use...

2)When do you communicate with your parents?2)When do you communicate with your parents?

I communicate with my parents when…I communicate with my parents when…

TipsTips

1) sign language; 2)... when I have trouble.../ 1) sign language; 2)... when I have trouble.../

can’t understand... can’t understand...

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4. feel like doing (L37)

want to do sth.

Use itUse it

What do you feel like doing when tired?What do you feel like doing when tired?

What do you feel like doing on weekends?What do you feel like doing on weekends?

TipsTips

Enjoying music/doing light reading/…; going Enjoying music/doing light reading/…; going

shopping/visiting my friends/having a picnic...shopping/visiting my friends/having a picnic...

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5. benefit (L42) n. advantage; good effect v. be helpful

e.g.e.g.

She has had the benefit of a first class education.She has had the benefit of a first class education.

PhrasesPhrases for sb.’s benefit for sb.’s benefit 为了…… 的利益为了…… 的利益 benefit from benefit from 得益于得益于 ;; be beneficial to be beneficial to 有助于有助于

Use itUse it

What can you benefit from learning English?

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6. favorite (L49) a. most loved n. sth. that is loved above all others

Use itUse it

What is your favorite music?

What kind of movie is your favorite?TipsTipsrock and roll/country music/classical music/folkrock and roll/country music/classical music/folk

songs...; detective story/science fiction/cartoon/songs...; detective story/science fiction/cartoon/

kongfu/love story... (kongfu/love story... (More))

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Make dialogues over Make dialogues over “favorite”“favorite”..

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II. Chinese to English

积极的方法前一任老师远不尽人意

网络课程虚拟课堂课程进度得到好处茫然不解弥合鸿沟

positive method

former teacher

far from perfect

online course

virtual classroom

the flow of the coursereap the benefits of stare into space

bridge the gap between

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III. Matching Game

__ medium

__ screen

__ gap

__ virtual

__ modem

a. the flat part of a computer

b. one of the necessities for getting online

c. a way of giving information

d. a space between two objects

e. being produced by the computer but almost true to the reality

a

c

d

e

b

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a. effective, helpful

b. a good chance

c. give in return

d. exchange ideas

e. take part in

f. the smallest

g. right of reaching

h. self-control

___communicate

___participate in

___positive

___opportunity

___reward

___minimum

___access

___discipline

a

h

gf

e

d

c

b

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IV Enlarge Your Vocabulary

Game1: Word Game1: Word

FormationFormation

Game2: ClassificationGame2: Classification

Game3: Guess GameGame3: Guess Game

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Game1: Word FormationGame1: Word Formation

Step 1 List the words formed by two Step 1 List the words formed by two words; words;

Step 2 Tell the meanings of two words;Step 2 Tell the meanings of two words;

Step 3 Make your list as long as you can.Step 3 Make your list as long as you can.

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Game1: Word Formation

insightWhat words in this text are formed by two words?

Step Step 11

onlinenotebook

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insight = in ( 在…… 里 ) + sight ( 视力 )

online = on ( 在…… 上 ) + line ( 线 )

notebook = note ( 笔记 ) + book

Any more?

Step Step 22

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Step Step 33 background

wallpaper

superman

website

breakthrough

overcome

input

outcome

troublemaker

homesick

keyboard

eyesight

loudspeaker…

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Game2: Classification ( 分类 )List all the words you know

for describing a teacher’s

behavior in class. Whoever

makes the list longest will be

the winner.

kind friendly lively

patient/impatient father-like punish

gentle too serious shout

fair/unfair too talkative encourage

sincere cold criticize

humorous confident praise

easy-going too strict …

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Game3: Guess Game

One describes the word One describes the word showed on the screen showed on the screen in English,the other in English,the other tries to guess it tries to guess it without looking at it. If without looking at it. If you are right, both of you are right, both of you get a mark.you get a mark.

Pair workPair work

Ready?

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使沮丧使沮丧Hint: cause sb. to have feelings of disappointment, beginning with”f”

frustrate

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积极的，肯定的积极的，肯定的

positive

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交流，交际交流，交际

communicate

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机会，时机机会，时机

opportunity

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参与，参加参与，参加

participate in

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益处，好处益处，好处

benefit

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跟上，不落后跟上，不落后

keep up with

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想做，想要想做，想要

feel like sth./doing sth.

English Teacher and English Class

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How did your English teacher in middle school or primary school behave in class? How do you expect your college English teacher to manage his/her class? Watchthe video clips and then discuss.

Lead-in video clipsTips for talking

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Lead-in video2

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Tips for talking: kind and patient/cold and impatient/strict/serious praise/encourage/punish/shout explain a lot/assign much homework do a lot of games and group work formal/informal/relaxed/casual/free

I feel comfortable if the teacher... I like my teacher to... If I were a teacher, I would...

Cause and Cause and Effect Effect

WritingWriting

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When you explain the reasons why something happens by writing, you are having a cause and effect writing. Read the following passage and tell

the cause and effect.

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Sample 1 Do you know why winter is colder than summer? One reason is that

there are fewer hours of sunlight in winter. But there is another reason. Winter

sunlight is cooler. It is the same sun, and it shines just as bright as in the summer time, and yet the earth gets less heat from it.

(effect)

( 先果后因，多因一果 )

(cause 1)

(cause 2)

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Shopping online has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Second, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Third, it is very convenient and time-saving. I enjoy shopping online very much. (effect)

(cause)

Sample 2

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Writing Task

Write a paragraph. Before writing it, write an outline.

1.Topic: Why Do You Study English?

Topic sentence: I want to study English for different reasons.

Points : 1) _______________.

2) _______________.

3) _______________.

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2.Topic: Why Do You Enjoy Music?

Topic sentence: I am crazy about music for many reasons.

Points:1) __________________.

2) __________________.

3) __________________.

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3. Topic: My Ideal Job

Topic sentence: My ideal job is to be an English teacher, and I want to stay in that profession for different reasons.

Points:1) __________________.

2) __________________.

3) __________________.