starter activity

The pictures refer to new discoveries during the medical Renaissance (1500-1700) try to work out what they are. What was the most significant?

New ideas & inventionsNew ideas & inventions New translations & new ideasNew translations & new ideas Challenges to ancient texts, e.g. Vesalius Challenges to ancient texts, e.g. Vesalius

challenged Galenchallenged Galen Improved knowledge of anatomyImproved knowledge of anatomy Anthony van Leuwenhoek's microscopeAnthony van Leuwenhoek's microscope Spread of ideas due to printing pressSpread of ideas due to printing press Blood circulated around the body & the Blood circulated around the body & the

heart was a pumpheart was a pump Ligatures to seal woundsLigatures to seal wounds False limbs to replace amputated onesFalse limbs to replace amputated ones Turpentine could be used as an Turpentine could be used as an

antisepticantiseptic

Did the new ideas Did the new ideas make much of a make much of a

difference?difference?TBAT identify old and new ideasTBAT identify old and new ideas

To assess their impact on To assess their impact on medicine in the 16medicine in the 16thth & 17 & 17thth

centuriescenturies

LOs

Key words: physician v barber-surgeon predecessor obstetrics forceps

Pair work discussionPair work discussion

What would be the old ideas in What would be the old ideas in medicine in the 16medicine in the 16thth and 17 and 17thth centuries?centuries?

Extension. Which of our Extension. Which of our Renaissance medical pioneers Renaissance medical pioneers (Vesalius, Par(Vesalius, Paréé and Harvey) was the and Harvey) was the most traditional?most traditional?

Old ideas?

Old ideasOld ideas

Theory of the Four HumoursTheory of the Four Humours BleedingBleeding CauterisingCauterising Dissection was bannedDissection was banned The Church control medical schoolsThe Church control medical schools Women banned from becoming Women banned from becoming

physiciansphysicians Hot oil used to seal woundsHot oil used to seal wounds

Your taskYour task

Read the extract from SHP. With a Read the extract from SHP. With a highlighter identify information which highlighter identify information which shows ‘Change’ and in another shows ‘Change’ and in another ‘Continuity’ in each of these areas‘Continuity’ in each of these areas PhysiciansPhysicians Women healers & wise womenWomen healers & wise women ParacelsusParacelsus

Why were people so unwilling to Why were people so unwilling to challenge Galen?challenge Galen?

What factors caused change?What factors caused change?eyebright

PhysiciansPhysicians

Accepted Hippocrates’ theory of 4 Accepted Hippocrates’ theory of 4 HumoursHumours

Studied Galen & Ibn SinaStudied Galen & Ibn Sina Recommended patients stay health Recommended patients stay health

through diet and good exercisethrough diet and good exercise Studied Vesalius, ParStudied Vesalius, Paréé & Harvey & Harvey

Women healers & wise Women healers & wise womenwomen

Used herbal remediesUsed herbal remedies Lady Grace Mildmay (1552-1620) used ‘A Lady Grace Mildmay (1552-1620) used ‘A

New Herbal’ & books by Galen & Ibn SinaNew Herbal’ & books by Galen & Ibn Sina Kept records of treatmentsKept records of treatments Men preferred not to see female healersMen preferred not to see female healers Women banned from universityWomen banned from university Forceps invented by Peter Chamberlen Forceps invented by Peter Chamberlen

(1620) could only be used by men(1620) could only be used by men Handbooks for midwives, e.g. ‘The Handbooks for midwives, e.g. ‘The

Midwives’ Book’ by Mrs Jane Sharp (1671)Midwives’ Book’ by Mrs Jane Sharp (1671)

ParacelsusParacelsus

Believed God sent ‘signatures’ about Believed God sent ‘signatures’ about how to cure illnesseshow to cure illnesses

Plants which looked like illnesses Plants which looked like illnesses could cure them, e.g. ‘eyebright’ and could cure them, e.g. ‘eyebright’ and orchidsorchids

Challenged Theory of 4 HumoursChallenged Theory of 4 Humours Burned books of Galen & Ibn SinaBurned books of Galen & Ibn Sina Used chemicals & minerals to treat Used chemicals & minerals to treat

illnesses, e.g. salt, sulphur & mercuryillnesses, e.g. salt, sulphur & mercury

Rembrandt, ‘The Anatomy lesson of Dr Tulp’ (1632) What does this painting tell us about Renaissance medicine? What are the problems in using it as evidence?

Create a judgement line to show the extent to which the megastars improved medicine

Your taskYour task

Write a judgement on whether the Write a judgement on whether the Renaissance megastars helped improve Renaissance megastars helped improve medicine.medicine.

Starter sentences:Starter sentences: To a certain extent it could be argued that To a certain extent it could be argued that

…… However, many people resisted the new However, many people resisted the new

ideas. For example, ….ideas. For example, …. In addition, women …In addition, women … To sum up, Renaissance medicine ….To sum up, Renaissance medicine ….

Success criteriaSuccess criteriaSatisfactory Getting better Wow factor

Your use of specific technical vocabulary and specific facts from your chart & notes is limited

You describe some of the changes but don’t say much about the continuity of old ideas

You use some technical vocabulary and factual detail

You describe changes and continuity, but may forget some elements such as the impact on women

You confidently use technical vocabulary and factual detail, e.g. names of individuals, works, events

You evaluate the change and the continuity

You consider the impact, e.g. on the training of women

You sum up

PlenaryPlenary

New ideasNew ideas Old ideasOld ideas Evidence of changeEvidence of change Evidence of continuityEvidence of continuity On balance did the new outweigh the On balance did the new outweigh the

old?old? Extension. What factors helped or Extension. What factors helped or

hindered the development of medicine hindered the development of medicine in this period?in this period?

HomeworkHomework

Revise for a slip test on Renaissance Revise for a slip test on Renaissance medicinemedicine

Produce a factoid on Paracelsus Produce a factoid on Paracelsus (1493-1541)(1493-1541)