Spotty Pest Control Wasted chemicals Off-target damage Higher costs - $$$ Environmental impact

Water and Air Quality Public more aware of pesticide

concerns! (Negative) Spraying in more populated areas?

(Suburbs)

23%

38%

26%

13%Nozzle

Applicator

Physical

Other

Movement of .. spray particles vapors off-target

Less effective control Possible injury to susceptible vegetation and wildlife.

Chemical Properties

Formulation Evaporation Droplet size

Volume

Equipment & Application Factors Affecting Drift

• Nozzle type• Nozzle size • Nozzle orientation• Nozzle pressure• Height of release

87% reduction in drift prone droplets < 150 microns Low drift nozzle @ 0.2 gal/min flow rate - 40 psi Compared to 8002 Standard Flat-fan nozzle

80 means 80o fan

03 means 0.3 gallons per minute at 40 psi (38 ½ ounces per minute)

8003 tip

Larger droplets At the same flow rate Same operating pressure than

standard flat-fan (SFF) nozzles.

PRE-ORIFICE

REDUCES LIQUID VELOCITY Reduces small droplets (200 microns) by 50 to 80 percent

Droplet Spectrum (Range - big to small)

2000 m 850 m 420 m 300 m 150 m 100 m

#2 Pencil leadpaper clipstapletoothbrush bristlesewing threadhuman hair

Driftability of Spray Driftability of Spray Droplets of Varying Sizes Droplets of Varying Sizes

10

fee

t 1

0 fe

et

Crosswind @ 3 mphCrosswind @ 3 mph

20 20

50 50

100 100

150 150

400400

8 ft 22 ft. 48 ft. 178 ft. 1065 ft. 8 ft 22 ft. 48 ft. 178 ft. 1065 ft.

\

NOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSESNOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSES

To kill insects, fungus and bacteria use

Very Fine to Fine droplets: < 200 um

NOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSESNOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSES

To kill herbaceous weeds use a

Medium to Coarse droplet size: 200 to 450 um

NOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSESNOZZLE DROP SIZE CLASSES

Bare Ground - Very Coarse > 450 um

Turbo TeeJet Flat-fan

Sources of Spray Mist or Fines Sources of Spray Mist or Fines Aerodynamic EffectsAerodynamic Effects

Air friction due to speed of the application Air friction due to speed of the application vehicle causes additional production of vehicle causes additional production of

small dropletssmall droplets

Sources of Spray Mist or Fines Sources of Spray Mist or Fines Aerodynamic EffectsAerodynamic Effects

Air friction due to speed of the application Air friction due to speed of the application vehicle is dependent upon the nozzle vehicle is dependent upon the nozzle

orientation angle. 90orientation angle. 90oo produces the greatest produces the greatest number of small dropletsnumber of small droplets

Movement

15 – 100 psi range 120o pattern $4.00 - $5.00 Fits Standard fan

tip caps

Spraying Systems Flat Fan pattern wider range of

pressures 15 to 90 psi produce fewer drift-

prone droplets compared to SFF.

Fits standard TeeJet Nozzle caps

Turbo Tee Jet

Spraying Systems

Clog resistant Wide angle

Turbo Tee Jet

25 psi at 30” spacings. 20” height

Greenleaf Technologies

Air Induction (AI) Venturi pressure

reduction chamber Droplets are filled

with air and expand when leaving tip

Better coverage $10.00

TeeJet Banding Tip ~$7 - $8.00

• Operates at higher psi to work efficiently

• Needs special caps

~ $6.00

Temperature & humidity

Air movement (direction and velocity)

Air stability/inversions Topography

Wind

High Relative HumidityLow Temperature

Low Relative HumidityHigh Temperature

Fal

l Dis

tanc

e

• Increase drop size• Use of surfactants• Use lower pressures• Use lower spray (boom) heights • Avoid adverse weather conditions • Consider using buffer zones • Consider using new technologies:

•drift reduction nozzles•drift reduction additives•shields, electrostatics, air-assist

Polymer Drift Suppressants produce larger droplets across the spectrum, but will decrease the fan angle. Nozzles on the Left have the polymer suppressant.

Adjuvant Influence on Spray Pattern (Note Fan Angle)

LI 700LI 700 R-11R-11

Tallow Tallow AmineAmine

WaterWater

Adjuvant Influence on Spray Pattern (Note Uniformity of Pattern - look at the color)