AFRICA

MAP OF AFRICA – WHERE IN THE WORLD?

GENERAL INFORMATION Second largest continent Second largest population The name of Africa…

Afri people lived in North Africa Afar meaning ‘dust’ (Phonician) Ifri meaning ‘cave’ (Berber)

Roman suffix ‘-ca’ meaning ‘land’ Aprica meaning ‘sunny’ (Latin) Aphrike meaning ‘without cold’ (Greek) Af-rui-ka meaning ‘turn toward the opening

of the Ka’ (Egyptian)

AFRICA IN RELATION TO NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA

GEOGRAPHY Separated from Europe by the

Mediterranean Sea Largest country is Gambia, smallest

country is The Seaschelles (an archipelago off the east coast)

Tropical to sub-arctic climates, savannah plains, desert and jungle

Carnivores and Herbivores that range freely on the plains

Jungle and Aquatic creatures

TOPOGRAPHIC AND VEGETATION MAPS

IN THE BEGINNING…

Earliest inhabited continent Origin of the human species

7 million years ago Ape-like evolving into hominids, such as…

Australopithecus afarensis ‘Lucy’

Earliest Homo sapiens found in Ethiopia 200 000 years ago

EARLY CIVILISATION Greeks and Romans

Alexander the Great Alexandria in Egypt

Christianity spread from Palestine via Egypt Islam also spread and Africa became the central hub for the religion

PRE-COLONISATION Before colonisation, approximately 10

000 different ‘tribes’ with a variety of systems of government Hunter-gatherer groups like families Clan groups City-states

Migration from Arabia Bedouins Merging of cultures and life, resulting in

unification under laws of Islam

TRADITIONAL ARAB BEDOUIN

SLAVERY The first nation to capture African

people as slaves were the Arabs They took 18 million to the east

Then Europeans took Africans to the west. These nations include… Portuguese Spanish English Dutch Germans

ENSLAVING AFRICA

COLONISATION

Late 19th century Until after WWII

1951 Libya 1956 Tunisia and Morocco 1957 Ghana 1994 apartheid ended in which country?

POST-COLONISATION

53 independent and sovereign states Political systems include…

Republic Democracy Military dictatorship

Between 1960 and 1990, Africa has had More than 70 coups 13 Presidential assassinations

Ethnic conflicts are often used to remove and replace leaders

MAPS OF AFRICA - POLITICAL

AFRICAN UNION All African states except Morocco – why? The AU official on 26th June, 2001 in

Addis Ababa Pan-African Parliament now in Midrand,

South Africa African Commission for Human and

People’s Rights still in Addis Ababa Resources

Severely underdeveloped Poorest continent Why?

EGYPT Ancient Egypt

Centred around the Nile River Controlled irrigation = surplus crops =

increased population 3150 BC when upper and lower unified

under the first pharaoh (matrilineal linage) Stable periods called kingdoms

interspersed with instability, called intermediate periods

Invaded by the Roman Empire in 31BC it became a province of that empire

FAMOUS ANCIENTS EGYPTIANS

FAMOUS FOR… Mathematics Quarrying Surveying and Construction

Pyramids, temples, obelisks, tombs Art & Literature

Hieroglyphics, wall paintings, sculpture Agriculture

Irrigation, agri. production techniques Medicine

IMAGES OF EGYPT