Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3)

• A predator is any consumer that KILLS AND EATS another living organism in order to obtain energy. The organism being eaten is called the PREY

• Examples: Lions, Wolves, Eagles, Man

Pitcher plant• Prey-trapping

mechanism that features a deep cavity filled with a ‘pitfall trap’

Venus Fly trap• Catches and digests

food stuffs• Insects trigger hairs

that cause the mouth to slam shut when triggered

• VENUS – from Roman god of love

Archer Fish• The Archerfish

sprays a fine jet of water to knock an insect off a low-lying branch

Salamander• The salamander uses its

long sticky tongue to capture insects

• A SCAVENGER is any consumer (animal) that feeds on DEAD organisms

• Examples: vultures, snails, crows, jackals, hyenas

• A SAPROPHYTE lives on NONLIVING ORGANIC MATTER and breaks down matter such as dead plants, animals and feces for consumption.

• Examples: Fungi, Molds, Bacteria

Vultures• Bald head to keep

the head clean while feeding

• Possesses very strong stomach acid used to break down infected flesh and/or unbroken bones

Earthworm• Body plan: A tube,

digestive system and a slimy, muscular outer layer of skin

• Feeds on detritus and decaying organic matter

• Burrowing by worms is a form of natural aeration

• Two different kinds of organisms 'live together' in a relationship:• Mutualism• Commensalism• Parasitism

NOT REAL!

• The anemone's tentacles release a paralysis toxin that provides the Clownfish with protection from predators

• The clownfish protects the anemone from Butterflyfish (consume anemones)

Sea Anemones (tentacles) and Ocellaris Clownfish (Nemo)

vs

Whales and Barnacles• During a barnacle's

larval stage (youth) it attaches to baleen whales.

• The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat with available nutrients, which would not be possible otherwise

• The whale couldn't care less and is not affected in a positive or negative way

Head Lice• Feed on sebaceous

secretions (sweat glands and pores) and blood

• Lice obtain sustenance (food)

• Humans/similar mammals are harmed through blood loss, exposure to disease and inconvenience

• The Nile Crocodile and the Plover

• The Plover cleans the croc's teeth and prevents infection

• This is an example of:Mutualism

• Certain luminescent bacteria living on the ‘lure’ of the anglerfish obtain nutrition after the fish has eaten.

• In turn, the bacteria provide a lantern for ‘fishing’

• This is an example of

Mutualism

• A mouse is eaten by a cat

• This is an example of

Predation

• Certain young clams attach themselves to the gills of fish. In a short time, each clam becomes surrounded by a capsule formed by the cells of the fish. The clams feed and grow by absorbing nutrients from the fish's body

• This is an example ofCommensalism

• Toadstools thrive on fallen (dead) logs

• This is an example ofSaprophytism