Poly – Many Mono-One Hydro-Water (actually Greek) Lipos - fat Synthesis- to make or form ...
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Transcript of Poly – Many Mono-One Hydro-Water (actually Greek) Lipos - fat Synthesis- to make or form ...
Poly – Many Mono-One Hydro-Water (actually Greek)
Lipos - fat Synthesis- to make or form
Lysis-loosen; break apart
Life as we know it is carbon based.
A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings.
The chemical process of joining monomers to form polymers. At the end of each monomer is a (H) hydrogen atom and a (-OH) group. Every time a monomer is added a molecule of water is given off.
The chemical breakdown of polymers into monomers through the addition of water; essentially the opposite of dehydration synthesis
POLYMER MONOMERCarbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
Lipids (e.g. fats) Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Protein Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy.
Carbohydrates are also called sugars or starches.
FUNCTION Quick and short term energy
FOUND IN Breads, Pastas, Potatoes, Corn
STUCTURE Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) Unique because they always have two hydrogen for every one oxygen (hydrate-like water H20)
MONOSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Glucose (C6H12O6)
DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Lactose (milk sugar) Maltose (malt sugar-in grain), Sucrose (made of fructose & maltose combined-in sugar cane)(C12H22O11)
POLYSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
100 to 1000 monosaccharides joined
Starch-how carbohydrates are stored in plantsGlycogen-how carbohydrates are stored in animalsCellulose-found in plant cell walls; animals cannot digest (Fiber)
Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time.
Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes.
Can you think of examples of lipids in plants or animals?
FUNCTION Long term energy storageInsulate against heat lossProtective cushion around organs
FOUND IN Fatty foods, butter, margarine, cooking oils
STUCTURE Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (on occasion other elements) Glycerol (backbone 3 Carbons with -OH groups) and fatty acid tail/sDon’t dissolve in water
FATS and OILS (Triglycerides)
One glycerol with 3 fatty acid tail
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Make up cell membranes contain C,H, O and phosphorus (2 fatty acid tails)
WAXESOnly 1 fatty acid tail with alcohol attached; protective coating on fruits etc.
STEROIDS Includes cholesterol, female and male sex hormone
Proteins are very large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
FUNCTION Building blocks of living materials; compose structural parts such as keratin in hair and nails, antibodies, cartilage, bones, ligaments and enzymes (compounds that speed up reactions)
FOUND IN Meat, Eggs and Cheese
STUCTURE Much larger, more complex than carbohydrates and lipids . Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen.
BUILDING BLOCKS
Amino Acids (There are 20 different amino acids)
PEPTIDE BONDS
Hold amino acids together (dipeptides, tripeptides, polypeptides)
DENATURATION
When proteins are exposed to extreme changes in pH, temperature etc. they lose their shape and can no longer function.
Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides.
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the information cells need to make all of their proteins.
FUNCTION Important for growth & reproduction of cells, contains the genetic code (what genes are made from)
FOUND IN Genes – 2 types DNA and RNA
STUCTURE Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate, nitrogen bases
BUILDING BLOCKS
Nucleotides
ATP
A nucleic acid that is made in the cell’s mitochondria. Glucose is converted into ATP.
SHAPE
DNA is known for its twisted ladder shape
Some scientists refer to DNA as the “blueprints” for life.
What is a blueprint and why might scientists use this “analogy”?
FRONT SIDE OF TABS: Tab A Label the tab PROTEIN in RED Write the name of its monomer and draw
and color one. TAB B Label the tab CARBOHYDRATE in BLUE Write the name of its monomer and draw
and color one TAB C Label the tab LIPID in GREEN Write the name of its monomer and draw
and color one TAB D Label the tab NUCLEIC ACID – a color not
already used Write the name of its monomer and draw
and color one
BACK SIDE OF TABS: TAB A Give 4 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS List 2 EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS TAB B Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES List 4 EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES TAB C Give 3 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS List 4 EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS TAB D Give 2 FUNCTIONS FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS List 2 EXAMPLES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS ON THE INSIDE CENTER SECTION,
center and write the word MACROMOLECULE
ON THE BACK OF THE FOLDABLE,
write your NAME and PERIOD. Make a pocket for this to slide into
in your notebook using paper.
MACROMOLECULE FOLDABLEFold and cut a piece of paper as shown below to make 4 tabs.