FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS

Based on the queuing theory

Rules of thumb for annual throughput capacity :

* General cargo berth = 100.000 150.000 ton

* Container = 500.000 1.000.000 ton

Analytical solutions :

1. Berths :

* Exponential service time distribution (for general cargo

ports / larger ports)

* Constant service time distribution (for bulk carriers)

* Poisson distribution (for small general cargo ports)

2. Storage facilities : based on average throughput, stowage

factor & storage time. (uncertain)

3. Equipment : based on down-time, productivity, cargo

handling work force & maintenance. (uncertain)

GENERAL ASPECTS OF PLANNING PORT FACILITIES

Extreme high water (flooding of quays, damage of

cargo handling and fixed installations)

Extreme low water ( ships to leave berths not to enter port)

Extreme wind conditions (Interruption of cargo handling, Ships to leave berths, damage to building)

Extreme currents (Interruption of arrival & departure of ships, erosion damage to structures)

Extreme wave actions (Damage to breakwaters interruption of cargo handling, ships to leave berths, siltation of basins)

Aft Forward

Moulded depth

Midships BowBridge

Stem

Length between perps

Length overall

Port side

Starboard side

Astem Ahead

Min freeboard

Draf scantling= max draft

Keel

Width or Beam

Figure. Ship Definitions

BERTH & TERMINAL DESIGN IN GENERAL

Weight, Fdist, size, manoeuvrability of Che influences lay out & design of

structures, foundations & pavement.

Existing fixed facilities influence the choice of CHE.

Cargo units the choice of CHE & storage facilities.

Storage facilities & CHE system flexible.

General cargo berths : require a continuos land area or combination of

supported deck & land area immediately adjacent to

the ship along their entire length.

(Connected to berthing, mooring & CH).

Liquid bulk terminal : * CH talces place in mid-ships manifold.

* Need 1 loading platform.

* Need berthing & mooring platform.

Dry bulk terminal : * Loading / unloading through no. of haches along

the ship.

* Permanent conueying systems.

* Finger piers & offshore installations land.

Container terminal : Similar to drybulk terminals

Ro / Ro : Similar to liquid bulk terminals need only one loading

platform (Ramp).

Calculation the required capacity terminal to handle agiven traffic demand :

a) For conventional break-bulk cargo : first.

* To ascertain the number of berthing point to keep

ship waiting time down to economic level.

b) For container cargo : first to determine the area needed to

handle the annual through put.

c) For specialized bulk cargo : first to find the hourly rate of

dischage or loading to handle the ship in accp.time.

The calculation method requires :

Study of productivity.

No & size of facilities needed.

The level of service to be provided.

For development plans (basic feature) ; Terminal capacity X level

of service provided

Total No. of Boxes/year =

100

40'%1

yearTEU/No.

No. of 40 Boxes = 100

Boxes of No. Totalx40'%

No. of 20 Boxes = - No. of 40 + Total No. of Boxes

Length Berth = LoA + 20 m

Nbr. Of Container Boxes/ship =

100

40'%1

TEUCapacity Ship.

Time At Berth for land or unload = BerthNo.gantry/x gantryper moves of No.

ship/Cont of No.

No. Ships per year = ship / Boxes ContNo.

year/Boxes TotalNo.

No. Ships per week =

Ships call / week = Round up

Required Berth time = Time at berth x No. of ships / year

Available time/berth = 365 x 24 x Max. berth occupation

Theorical required no of berth =

Eff. No. of Berth = Roundup

Quay Length = Eff. No. of Berth x Length of berth

52

year/Ship No.

2

week / ships No.

berthper time Available

time berth Required

berthper time Available

time berth Required

Effective berth occupation =

No of cont through one storage unit =

CY Capacity inTEU =

Bottom area / stack = Area ratio x 6 x 2,5

CY area for full berth = x bottom area/stack

CY capacity for gantry = x % Empty TEU

Total CY area =

berth of No Eff. x 24 x 365

time berth Required x 100

CY) in days (Cont. time Dwiil

365

unit storage one ghcont.throu of N0.

year / TEUof N0.

height Stacking

TEUin Cap. CY

100

Full TEUin Cap. CY

length Quay

Empty CY Depth

For General Cargo : C = Loading Capacity

Starting from; Q (tons) Vol = = Q.sf Surface =

For Ro / Ro :

Starting from; No. of caps N N x Sf Surface( m3 / car)

Loading Capacity; C =

375

Qt

year

ton

Q

h

Vol

( m3 / car)

365

N.t

year

car

SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES

SHIP CHARACTERISTICS GOVERNING / DETERMINATION

INFLUENCE ON PORT

FACILITIES

MAIN DIMENSIONS :

Length

Beam

Draft

Length & layout of

terminal, length of

quay, location of

transit sheds

The reach of CHE

Water depth along the

berth, in channels &

basins

Widtha & bends of

channels, the size of

port basins

Width of channels &

basins

CARGO CARRYING CAPACITY Minimum storage requirement for full ship load

Handing rate

CARGO HANDLING GEAR (CRANE & PUMPS)

Cargo handling rates Types of CHE (quay cranes & booster pumps)

TYPES OF CARGO UNITS (BULK, CONTAINER, ETC)

Handling equipment & storage

SHAPE OF HULL & MOTION Mooring & fender design

MOORING EQUIPMENT (ROPES & WIRES)

Motion of ships & their mooring forces

MANOEUVRABILITY AT LOW SPEED

Channels, port entrance, basin layout & harbor tug