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Выполнила студентка 5 Выполнила студентка 5 курса группы 752 курса группы 752 Меликаева ОльгаМеликаева Ольга

IntroductionIntroduction

This presentation tells about This presentation tells about

the life and creative work of the life and creative work of

one of the most influential one of the most influential

English painters, whose lifelong passionEnglish painters, whose lifelong passion

was the sea and especially how the seawas the sea and especially how the sea

affected ships. His name is affected ships. His name is

Joseph Mallord William TurnerJoseph Mallord William Turner. .

ChildhoodChildhood William Turner was bornWilliam Turner was born on April 23, 1775 in London. on April 23, 1775 in London. His His

father, William Gay Turner, was a barber and wig maker.father, William Gay Turner, was a barber and wig maker. His His mother, Mary Marshall, became mentally unstable, perhaps, due mother, Mary Marshall, became mentally unstable, perhaps, due to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. Mary Marshall died in 1804, after having been committed 1786. Mary Marshall died in 1804, after having been committed to a mental asylum in 1799. Because of this rather difficult to a mental asylum in 1799. Because of this rather difficult family situation, William Turner was sent in 1785 to stay with family situation, William Turner was sent in 1785 to stay with his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford, which was then a his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the Thames. It was small town west of London on the banks of the Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. here that he first expressed an interest in painting. As his house As his house was situated on the bank of the river Thames with endless was situated on the bank of the river Thames with endless stocks, fish markets and a lot of masts. Those masts were like a stocks, fish markets and a lot of masts. Those masts were like a magical forest for a little boy. Here begins his passion for all magical forest for a little boy. Here begins his passion for all that is connected with sea that defined the character of his that is connected with sea that defined the character of his creative work. creative work.

A year later he went to school in Margate in Kent to the east A year later he went to school in Margate in Kent to the east of London. At this time he had been creating many paintings, of London. At this time he had been creating many paintings, which his father exhibited in his shop window.which his father exhibited in his shop window.

StudyingStudying

He He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old,1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time,time, admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to continue interest in architecture but was advised to continue painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick. A painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick. A watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil paintingstudy. He exhibited his first oil painting “ “Fishermen Fishermen at Seaat Sea” ” in 1796in 1796,, and thereafter exhibited at the and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life. academy nearly every year for the rest of his life.

First WorksFirst Works By the time he was 18 he had his own studio. Before he By the time he was 18 he had his own studio. Before he

was 20 print sellers were eagerly buying his drawings for was 20 print sellers were eagerly buying his drawings for reproduction. He quickly achieved a fine reputation and reproduction. He quickly achieved a fine reputation and was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. In 1802, was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. In 1802, when he was only 27, Turner became a full member. when he was only 27, Turner became a full member.

TThen hehen he travelled widely in Europe, starting with France travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. Venice.

One of his earliest paintings is “The Shipwreck” executed One of his earliest paintings is “The Shipwreck” executed in 1805. It shows his absorption with the sea. in 1805. It shows his absorption with the sea.

WhWhatateverever country country he visited he studied the effects of he visited he studied the effects of sea and sky in every kind of weather. His early training sea and sky in every kind of weather. His early training had been as a topographic draftsmanhad been as a topographic draftsman((чертежникчертежник)). With . With the years, however, he developed a painting technique the years, however, he developed a painting technique ofof his own. Instead of his own. Instead of justjust recording factually what he saw, recording factually what he saw, Turner translated scenes into aTurner translated scenes into ann expression of his own expression of his own romantic feelings. romantic feelings.

The Shipwreck, 1805The Shipwreck, 1805

““The Battle of Trafalgar”, The Battle of Trafalgar”, 18061806

In 1806 Turner painted one of his most famous In 1806 Turner painted one of his most famous works “The Battle of Trafalgar”.works “The Battle of Trafalgar”. This is one of his This is one of his most gorgeous pictures. most gorgeous pictures.

ThThe Trafalgare Trafalgar battle was the most decisive British battle was the most decisive British victory of the war and was a victory of the war and was a basicbasic naval battle of the naval battle of the 19th century. 19th century.

Narrative paintingsNarrative paintings

One of his narrative (One of his narrative (сюжетно-тематическийсюжетно-тематический)) paintings is “Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus”paintings is “Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus” created created in 1829 (see the illustration). Here we can also see in 1829 (see the illustration). Here we can also see his passion for light and color. Another one narrative his passion for light and color. Another one narrative painting is “Child Harold’s Pilgrimage” (1832)painting is “Child Harold’s Pilgrimage” (1832)

Personal lifePersonal life

As he grew older, Turner became more As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to depression. He never was subject to depression. He never married, although he had two daughters married, although he had two daughters born born by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the other in 1811. other in 1811.

A Mystic PictureA Mystic Picture ““The Burning of the Houses of Parliament” is a The Burning of the Houses of Parliament” is a

mystic picture by Turner. It was executed in 1834 mystic picture by Turner. It was executed in 1834 and when first shown it mystified people but the and when first shown it mystified people but the impact was so undeniable that it was accepted by impact was so undeniable that it was accepted by the society. the society.

The MasterpieceThe Masterpiece

His entire life was devoted to his art. Unlike many His entire life was devoted to his art. Unlike many artists of his era, he was successful throughout his artists of his era, he was successful throughout his career. career. And all his paintings can be called And all his paintings can be called masterpieces of English art. But there is one picture masterpieces of English art. But there is one picture that stands out of his other works, because the story that stands out of his other works, because the story of its creation is rather unusual. This picture is “The of its creation is rather unusual. This picture is “The Fighting Fighting Temeraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Temeraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken upBroken up”. In one of his trips along the Thames ”. In one of his trips along the Thames Turner saw how a little tug-boat was taking away a Turner saw how a little tug-boat was taking away a large warship to her last resting place. It was large warship to her last resting place. It was “Temeraire”, the glory of the Trafalgar Battle. This “Temeraire”, the glory of the Trafalgar Battle. This astounded (astounded (поразилопоразило) Turner as he depicted this ) Turner as he depicted this ship in 1806 in his picture “The Trafalgar Battle”. ship in 1806 in his picture “The Trafalgar Battle”.

The Fighting Temeraire Tugged to The Fighting Temeraire Tugged to

Her Last Berth to Be Broken UpHer Last Berth to Be Broken Up

““The Snow Storm”The Snow Storm” A picture “The Snow Storm” created in 1842 was A picture “The Snow Storm” created in 1842 was

not so warmly greeted. Here he had gone a bit too not so warmly greeted. Here he had gone a bit too far ahead of his time for his generation to be able to far ahead of his time for his generation to be able to accept his experiment, let alone understand it. “The accept his experiment, let alone understand it. “The Snow Storm” is an attempt to convey the material Snow Storm” is an attempt to convey the material power, the blind weight of the snow. power, the blind weight of the snow.

Other Important WorksOther Important Works““The Grand Canal, Venice” (1835)The Grand Canal, Venice” (1835)

“ “Rain, Steam and Speed” (1844)Rain, Steam and Speed” (1844)

He allowed no one to watch him while he painted. He He allowed no one to watch him while he painted. He gave up attending the meetings of the academy. None gave up attending the meetings of the academy. None of his acquaintances saw him for months at a time. of his acquaintances saw him for months at a time. Turner continued to travel but always alone. He still Turner continued to travel but always alone. He still held exhibitions, but he usually refused to sell his held exhibitions, but he usually refused to sell his paintings. paintings.

In 1850 he exhibited for the last time. One day Turner In 1850 he exhibited for the last time. One day Turner disappeared from his house. His housekeeper, after a disappeared from his house. His housekeeper, after a search of many months, found him hiding in a house in search of many months, found him hiding in a house in Chelsea. He had been ill for a long time. He died the Chelsea. He had been ill for a long time. He died the following day-Decfollowing day-Decemberember19, 1851. 19, 1851.

Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be used to support what he called "decaying artists." His used to support what he called "decaying artists." His collection of paintings was bequeathed to his country. collection of paintings was bequeathed to his country. At his request he was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. At his request he was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.

His Contribution His Contribution ((вкладвклад))

The most outstanding British painter – The most outstanding British painter – Joseph Mallord William Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner astonishes astonishes (поражает)(поражает) first first of all by his of all by his versatility: a delicate observer of nature, versatility: a delicate observer of nature, he had a deep insight he had a deep insight ((проницательностьпроницательность)) into the mystery of into the mystery of the storms and the sea’s movement. the storms and the sea’s movement. Moreover, in his style and investigation Moreover, in his style and investigation of color he anticipates of color he anticipates (предвосхищает)(предвосхищает) the practice of the Impressionists. the practice of the Impressionists.

Thus, if you see the pictures by Turner, I Thus, if you see the pictures by Turner, I believe you will like them as they are full of believe you will like them as they are full of light and the color scheme is bright and light and the color scheme is bright and warm. One critic wrote: “The execution of warm. One critic wrote: “The execution of the picture is curious; to look at it close, it the picture is curious; to look at it close, it appears a confused mass of daubs (appears a confused mass of daubs (мазки)мазки). . Turner seems to paint slovenly Turner seems to paint slovenly ((неряшливонеряшливо), yet what other painter ), yet what other painter preserves equal (preserves equal (такую жетакую же) clearness of ) clearness of color?” color?”