Ottoman Empire collapsed at end of WWI. › Great Britain and France divided territories › Set up...
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Transcript of Ottoman Empire collapsed at end of WWI. › Great Britain and France divided territories › Set up...
Ottoman Empire collapsed at end of WWI.› Great Britain and France divided
territories› Set up mandates-territories
administered by European powers› Many Arabs in the area had aided the
Allies in WWI there fore sought autonomy
› Rise of Arab Nationalism leads to Pan-Arabism
› Pan-Arabism-sought unity of all Arab peoples based on shared heritage
› Declared to be the Turkish Republic under command of Kemal Ataturk
› Modern state-Industry (roads railroads and factories)
› Democratic government› Education› Transform Turkey into a secular state (not
an Islamic state)› Men and women stripped of traditional
clothing and forced to be more “European”
› Freedom to vote and choose religion (includes women)
formerly known as Persia Discovery of oil in 1908 attracted
more outsiders REZA SHAH PAHLAVI ESTABLISHED
THE MODERN STATE OF IRAN IN 1935. Reforms in Iran replicate Ataturk's
reforms in Turkey
nationalism of Jews and Arabs both groups viewed the area as a potential national state
Since the 1890s, the Zionist movement pushed for Palestine to become a Jewish state
Jews wanted Palestine because ancient Israel was located there
Arabs wanted Palestine because their ancestors lived there for centuries
During WWI, Britain issued the BALFOUR DECLARATION – STATED BRITAIN’S INTENTION TO MAKE PALESTINE THE NATIONAL HOME OF THE JEWS. Added that this should not undermine the rights
of the non-Jewish people living there Tensions grew, violence between Jews and
Muslims flared Britain tried to end violence by declaring the
only 75,000 Jews could immigrate to Palestine in the next 5 years; after that, no more.
Black Africans fought in WWI with France and Britain hoping they would win independence after the war
Peace settlement after WWI was a disappointment› Germany stripped of its African colonies;
they were given to Great Britain and France as mandates for the League of Nations.
› Britain and France now governed most of Africa
After WWI, Africans became more politically active and sought reforms
New leaders for African independence
› W.E.B. DuBOIS – LEADER OF A MOVEMENT THAT TRIED TO MAKE ALL AFRICANS AWARE OF THEIR OWN CULTURAL HERITAGE.
MARCUS GARVEY – STRESSED THE NEED FOR THE UNITY OF ALL AFRICANS, A MOVEMENT KNOWN AS PAN-AFRICANISM.
Mohandas Gandhi became active in the movement for Indian self-rule before WWI
Became known as MAHATMA – “GREAT SOUL” Organized non-violent mass protests Civil disobedience – refusal to obey laws
considered to be unjust 1919 – British troops killed hundreds of
unarmed protesters in Amristar (Amristar Massacre) Gandhi arrested Spent several years in prison
After release from prison, Gandhi returned to civil disobedience
Gandhi’s teachings Wrong to harm any living being Hate can only be overcome by love Love, not force, could win people over to
one’s position Totally against violence!!
He encouraged Indians to protest by Not paying taxes Not sending their children to English-
supported schools Making their own cotton cloth at home Not buying English-made goods Not buying government salt – make salt at
home
Britain increased tax on salt, and prohibited Indian people from making or harvesting their own salt
In 1930, Gandhi protested the new British taxes and restrictions on salt by walking to the sea on what became known as the SALT MARCH. When he reached the coast he picked up some salt as an act of civil disobedience. Thousands of followers did the same thing. All were later arrested.
The Salt March241 miles
79 participantsMarch 12 – April 5, 1930
In the early 20th century, Japan’s economy flourished
Imperialism Continues (Korea, Manchuria)› Need resources
Continues to build Military (gov. based on militarism)
Asserting itself as a world power
ZAIBATSU : LARGE FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
FIRMS! COMPANIES THAT CONTROLLED MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR.
This concentration of wealth led to economic inequalities› City workers poorly paid and housed› After WWI, inflation in food prices led to
riots› Rapid population increases led to food
shortages
Nationalist and Communist
By 1920, central authority had almost ceased to exist in China.Two political forces began to emerge
1.Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist Party2. Chinese Communist Party
Tensions between the parties finally arose.
Sun Yat-sen died in 1925. CHIANG KAI-SHEK
› leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party after Sun Yat-sen.
› In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek struck against the Communists and their supporters in Shanghai, killing thousands SHANGHAI MASSACRE
After the Shanghai Massacre, most Communist leaders went into hiding
They were led by a young Communist organizer named MAO ZEDONG (MOW DZUH DOONG) who believed that a Chinese revolution would be driven by the poverty-stricken rural peasants.
Chiang Kai-shek ran the Communists out of Shanghai
Chiang’s forces far outnumbered Mao’s, but Mao made effective use of
GUERRILLA TACTICS › using unexpected maneuvers like sabotage and
subterfuge (deceit) to fight the enemy.
1934, Chiang’s troops surrounded the Communist base .
Mao Zedong’s army, broke through the lines and began its famous Long March› 6,000 miles under fire› Mao Zedong became the sole leader of the
Chinese Communist Party› The Long March began Mao Zedong's ascent
to power
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Latin American economy was based on export of foodstuffs and raw materials.
Few countries reaped large profits, but the majority saw small returns.
In the 1920s, the US began to replace Great Britain as the foremost investor in Latin America.
This angered many Latin Americans. They were already mad because the US stuck their nose in Latin America’s military business
US President Franklin Roosevelt tried to improve relations with the Good Neighbor Policy – rejected the use of US military force in Latin America.
ArgentinaControlled by an oligarchy – a government where a select group of people e
exercises control.Hipolito Irigoyen (ee PAW lee TOH IHR ih GOH YEHN) – Radical Party leader elected president of Argentina in 1916.
BrazilGetulio Vargas – ruler of Brazil from 1930 to 1945.
MexicoLazaro Cardenas – cheered by Mexicans as the president who had stood up to the United States.Institutional Revolutionary Party – controlled major groups within Mexican society, thereby giving it enormous control over the Mexican presidency.Diego Rivera – wanted to create national art that would portray Mexico’s past.PEMEX – Mexican national oil company.
