Muscle Tissue There are 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal skeletal smooth smooth cardiac cardiac.
One of the four types of tissue in the body Elongated cells Specialized for contraction Three...
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![Page 1: One of the four types of tissue in the body Elongated cells Specialized for contraction Three types of muscle tissue: 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e7a5503460f94b7a01b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Muscular System
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Muscle Tissue
One of the four types of tissue in the body
Elongated cells Specialized for contraction Three types of muscle tissue:
1. Skeletal muscle2. Cardiac muscle3. Smooth muscle
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Functions of skeletal muscle
1. Produce movement of the skeleton2. Maintaining Posture and body
position3. Support soft tissues4. Guard entrances and exits 5. Maintain body temperature by
generating heat
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Axial Musculature
Positions the head and spinal column
Moves the rib cage Does not play a role in
movement or support of the pectoral girdle
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Appendicular Musculature
Stabilizes or moves components of the appendicular skeleton
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Anatomical Movements: Angular motion
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Circumduction
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Anatomical movements: Rotation
Lateral rotation Medial rotation Pronation Supination
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Special Movements:
Inversion/Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Opposition /reposition Protraction/retraction Elevation /depression Lateral and medial excursion
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Muscle Terminology
1. Origin = muscle attachment that remains fixed 2. Insertion = muscle attachment that moves3. Primary mover = what joint movement a muscle producesWhen a skeletal muscle contracts, its insertion moves
toward its origin
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Muscle Terminology
4. Agonist = primary mover Main muscle in an action
5. Synergist Helper muscle in action
6. Antagonist Oppose or reverse a movement When agonists are in action, antagonists are relaxed
7. Fixator Stabilize the origin of a primary mover Postural muscles are fixators
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Terms related to shape of muscle fibers
DeltoidOrbicularisPectinatePiriformisPlatyPyramidalRhomboidSerratusSpleniusTeres
Triangular Circular Comblike Pear Shaped Flat Pyramid Rhomboid Serrated Bandage Long and round
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TrapeziusPennateDigastricFusiform
TrapezoidFeather-likeTwo-belliedSpindle
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Terms related to size
BrevisGracilisLataLatissimusLongusLongissimus
ShortSlenderWideWidestLongLongest
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Terms Related To Size:
MagnusMajorMinimusMinorVastusTendinosus
LargeLargerSmallestSmallGreatTendinous
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Terms related to location
Some muscles are named for the bone with which they are associated Ex: temporalis overlays the temporal
bone
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Terms related to number of origins
Biceps = two origins Tripceps = three origins Quadriceps = 4 origins
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Terms related to location of origin and insertion
Ex: sternocleidomastoid muscle has its origin on the sternum (sterno) and clicel (cleido) and inserts on the mastoid process of the remporal bone
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Terms related to muscle action
Flexor, extensor, adductor Ex: extensor muscles of the wrist
extend the wrist.
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Direction of muscle fibers
Rectus = straight; fibers run parallel to an imaginary line, usually midline Ex: rectus femoris = straight muscle of
the thighOblique = muscle fibers run at a
slant to an imaginary line
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Other muscle terminology
Alba = White
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Types of Movements
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Flexion and Extension
Flexion = movement which decreases the angle of the joint; brings two bones closer together
Extension = movement which increases the angle of the joint or the distance between two bones
Hyperextension = extension greater than 180o
Common movement of a hinge joint
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Flexion and Extension
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Flexion and Extension
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Flexion and Extension
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Rotation
Rotation = movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
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Abduction and Adduction
Abduction = moving away from midline
Adduction = moving toward midline
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Circumduction
Circumduction = combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction Proximal end of the joint is stationary Distal end moves in a circle
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Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion = lifting the foot at the ankle towards the shin Standing on your heels
Plantar flexion = depressing the foot Pointing your toes
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Inversion and Eversion
Special movements of the foot Inversion = turning the sole of the foot
mediallyEversion = turning the sole of the foot
laterally
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Supination and Pronation
Refer to movements of the radius around the ulnaSupination = turning backward
Palm facing backward; radius and ulna crossPronation = turning forward
Palm facing forward; radius and ulna are parallel
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Opposition
Specifically of the thumb Ability to touch your thumb to your
fingertip
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Protraction and Retraction
Protraction: moving a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane Ex: grasp you upper lip with your lower
teethRetraction: moving a body part
posteriorly in the horizontal plane