' Once established, plants may grow at a somewhat lower pH ...

Tolerates Minimum Seed SpecificationsJ Ready / Hard , Total

Growth Wet j Dry Low Acid Soil Purity Germ Seed Germ ; Seedsilb Species ~ a b i t ' Soil Site Fertility i (pH 5-5.5)' (%) ! (%) i (%I (%i (1.000s)

Warm-Season Grasses

(60 PLS) 390 Big bluestem (60 PLS) 150

Cool-Season Grasses

Tall Fescue bunch yes no no 95 1 80 i 1 80 / 227

Redtop sod yes yes 92 80 I ! 80 ! 5.000 Fine fescues sod no 1 9 5 80 1 / 80 i 400 Perennial ryegrass 1 bunch yes no no 9 5 85 1 i 85 i 227 Annual ryegrass bunch yes no Yes no 95 1 8 5 : 85 1 227 Kentucky bluegrass sod . no no no no 85 i 75 / 2.200

Reed canarygrass sod yes yes no 95 70 70 520 I

Orchardgrass I bunch yes yes Yes , yes 9 5 80 1 1 80 1 654 yes

Timothy bunch yes no Yes Yes 95 80 ' 1.230 Smooth bromegrass sod no yes Yes no 95 80 1 1.36

~ e ~ u m e s ~

Crownvetch sod no yes Yes no 98 40 30 65 120 Birdsfoot trefoil6 bunch yes no Yes Yes 98 60 20 80 400 Flat pea sod no no Yes Yes 98 55 20 75 10 Serecia lespedeza bunch no yes Yes Yes 98 60 20 80 335

Cereals

Winter wheat bunch no no no no 98 85 85 .15 Winter rye bunch no no Yes Yes 98 8 5 85 18 Spring oats bunch no no no no 98 8 5 8 5 13 Sundangrass bunch no yes no no 98 85 85 55 Japanese millet bunch yes 1 no Yes Yes 98 80 80 155

' Growth habit refers to the ability of the species to either form a dense sod by vegetative means (stolons, rhizomes, or roots) or remain in a bunch or single plant form. If seeded heavily enough, even bunch formers can produce a very dense stand. This is sometimes called a sod, but not in the sense of a sod formed by vegetative means.

Once established, plants may grow at a somewhat lower pH, but cover generally is only adequate at pH 6.0 or above. ' Minimum seedlots are truly minimum, and seedlots to be used for revegetation purposes should equal or exceed these standards. Thus. deertongue grass should germinate 75% or better. Crownvetch should have at least 40% readily germinable seed and 30% hard seed. Commonly, seedlots are available that equal or exceed minimum specifications. Remember that disturbed sites are adverse for plant establishment. Ready germination refers to seed that germinates during the period of the germination test and that would be expected, if conditions are favorable, to germinate rapidly when planted. The opposite of ready germination is dormant seed, of which hard seed is one type.

Switchgrass seed is sold only on the basis of pure live seed (PLS)

Need specific legume inoculant. lnoculant suitable for garden peas and sweetpeas usually is satisfactory for flatpea.

Birdsfoot trefoil is adapted over the entire state, except in the extreme southeast where crown and root rots may injure stands.

363-21 34,008 / March 13,2000 1 Page 75

SECTION 80HULCHING

805.1 DESCRIPTION-This work is the furnishing, placing, anchoring, and maintaining of mulch of the type indicated.

(a) Mulches. Free from foreign material, coarse stems, mold, substances toxic to plant growth. and mature seed bearing stalks or roots of prohibited and noxious weeds, as defined by law.

1. Seeded Areas. Either one or a combination of the following, as specified:

1.a Hay. Timothy hay, mixed clover and timothy hay, or other acceptable native or forage grasses, well-cured to less than 200h moisture content, by mass (weight).

1.b Straw. Either wheat or oat straw, reasonably fke of viable seed, well cured to less than 20% moisture content, by mass (weight).

1.c Wood Fiber. Specially prepared, biodegradable, airdried wood fibers manufactured from 100% wood chips or bark from lumber mill processing operations, tinted with nontoxic, green dye and containing an organic tackifier approved for use with wood fibers; manufactured to be applied with hydraulic seeding equipment; and conforming to the following requirements:

Moisture content 15% maximum

Organic matter (Ovendried basis)

95% minimum

Water holding capacity 1000 minimum (Grams of water per I00 grams of fiber)

Tackifier content (By mass (weight))

Submit a certified physical analysis of the product for approval before application.

1.d Pellet Mulch. A biodegradable, water-absorbing, paper-based pellet that when wetted loses its pellet shape, breaks down and adheres to other pellets, forming a thin, protective mulch mat, and meeting the following requirements:

Paper content 85%

Fertilizer 5%

Polyacrylater 2% to 5%

Moisture content 5% to 8%

Dimensions 3 mm ( 118-inch) diameter, 6 mm to 19 mm (114 inch to 314 inch) length

Absorption potential minimum, 3 times dry weight

805 - 1 Change. :Vo. 5

1.e Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM). Specially prepared, water soluble, biodegradable. hydraulically applied system of long strand wood fibers held together by a bonding agent, which adheres to the soil surface and upon drying forms a continuous, insoluble, three dimensional, non-dispersible protective crust-like soil covering.

1.e.l Polymer or Hydrocolloid Binder Matrix.

1.e.l.a Wood Fiber. Specially prepared, long strand (min. 25% 10 mm (318-inch) length), air-dried wood fibers (88% to 92% by mass (weight)) manufactured from wood chips, bark, or clean wood waste products, and conforming to the following requirements:


Water holding capacity 1000 minimum (Grams of water per 100 grams of fiber)

1.e.l.b Bonding Agent High-strength tackifier of powdered polysaccharide guar gum. - blended hydrocolloid-based binder, hydrophyllic, or wpolymer material 5 to 12% by mass (weight).

1.e.l.c Synthetic Fiber. System may contain up to 5% by mass (weight) of crimped. polyester fibers or other synthetic fibers with wetting and dispersion agents manufactured for use in mulching applications.

1.e.l.d Dye. System may contain a nontoxic, water soluble, colored dye to aid in the visual application coverage of the mabix.

1.e.l.e Activator. System may contain up to 1% by mass (weight) of organic and mineral fertilizers.

1 . d Gypsum Binder Matrix.

l.e.2.a Wood Fiber. Specially prepared, long strand (min. 25% 10 rnm (318-inch) length), airdried wood fibers manufactured from wood chips, bark, or clean wood waste products, and-conforming to the following requirements:



, l .e3 .b Bonding Agent Naturally occurring, high purity, processed hemi-hydrate gypsum with manufacturer's system additives, which when combined with water will form a cementitious binder that will produce a crust-like soil covering within 4 to 8 hours after application. Material that has become partially air set, lumpy, or caked before use is not acceptable for use.

1.c2.c Synthetic Fiber. Synthetic fibers manufactured for use in mulching applications, coated with wetting and dispersion agents.

l.e.2.d Dye. System may contain a nontoxic, water soluble, colored dye to aid in the visual application coverage of the matrix.

2. Planting and Other Areas. One of the following:

2.a Tanbark Suitable fibrous shredded, ground or chunked, aged tanbark derived as a by-product of the tannin extraction process, free from insect life, not decomposed, and between 6 mm and 50 mm (114 inch and 2 inches) in any dimension.

805 - 2 Change No. 5

2.b Shredded Bark Suitable shredded, chunked, or ground pieces of predominantly aged. but not decomposed, hardwood or pinewood tree bark produced from lumber mill processing operations, ffee of excessively fine particles and having a general site range of 6 mm to 50 mm (114 inch to 2 inches) in any dimension.

2.c Washed Gravel. Uncrushed, washed, No. 57, as specified in Section 70i.?(aI2.

2.d Coarse Aggregate. No. 67. Type C, as specified in Section 703.2(a)l.

2.e Sewage Sludge Compost A blend of secondary dewatered sewage sludge and wood chips, aerobically composted at a DEP, Bureau of Waste Management permitted site for at least 21 days and cured for 30 to 60 days to ensure pathogen destruction. Free of foreign material and substances toxic to plant growth. nonburning, weed free, screened, and conforming to the following requirements:

Minimum of 50% organic matter (oven dry basis)

Minimum of 100% water holding capacity

Particle Size-10 mm to 80 mm (318 inch to 3 inches)

pH-6.O minimum

Heavy metals and toxic compounds (based on sewage sludge content)

Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Zinc PCBs

MAXIMUM PPM 25

1000 1000 1000 10

200 2500

3

Submit a certified laboratory analysis with each shipment.

2.f Wood Chips. Suitable chipped or ground wood material produced from predominantly live or non-decayed trees, logs, brush including leaves or post-consumer lumber having a general size range of 15 mm to 50 mm (I t2 inch to 2 inches) in any dimension and free of excessively fine or stringy particles. Chips produced and stockpiled during clearing and grubbing operations or aged chips, at least 6 months old, from lumber mill operations of the desired size and ffee from foreign debris will also be accepted.

2.g Spent Mushroom Soil Compost. Organic substrate used in mushroom production that has been steam sterilized, then composted for a minimum of 90 days in well-managed windrows, and on a properly surfaced and protected composting pad and blended with ground brush (yard waste), recycled wood, and/or composted bark. Conforms to the requirements specified in Xection 808.2(zH except as follows:

Minimum Organic Matter (Oven Dry Basis+40%

Moisture Conten tdo% maximum

Panicle Size-10 rnrn to 80 rnm (318 inch to 3 inches)

Soluble Salt Concentration-20 dS maximum

(b) Mulch Binders. Other acceptable binder materials manufactured for this purpose or the following.

805 - 3 Change. ,Vo. 5

1. Recycled Cellulose Fiber. Specifically prepared, biodegradable, shredded paper particles, comprised of recycled newsprint or other recycled wood cellulose fiber, containing a surfactant and nontoxic, green dye; manufactured to be applied with hydraulic seeding equipment; and conforming to the following requirements:


Organic matter 80% minimum (Oven-dried basis)

Water holding capacity 900 minimum (Grams of water per I00 grams of fiber)

2. Wood Fiber. Section 805.3a)l .c

3. Nonasphaltic Emulsion. Either water soluble natural vegetable gum blended with gelling and hardening agents or a water soluble blend of hydrophyllic polymers, viscosifiers, sticking aids, and gums.

4. Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion resin, containing 60% * 1 % total solids by mass (weight).

5. Recycled Cellulose FiberlWood Fiber Mixture. Specially prepared mixture of biodegradable, air-dried wood fiber, manufactured h m wood chips or bark, and shredded paper particles, comprised of recycled newsprint or other recycled cellulose fiber combined with a surfactant and a nontoxic, green dye; manufactured to be applied with hydraulic seeding equipment; and conforming to the following requirements:

Woodfiber 45% to 55%

Recycled cellulose fiber 45% to 55%


Organic matter (Oven-dried basis)

97% minimum


(c) Mulch Control Netting. One of the following:

1. Plastic. A uniformly extruded, rectangular, plastic mesh confoiming t'o the following requirements:

Mass (weight) 7.8 g/m2 (0.23 ounce per square yard), minimum

Mesh opening Nominal 19 mm x 19 mm (314-inch by 314-inch)

2. Coconut Coir. Undyed, biodegradable, coconut coir yarn woven into a mesh conforming to the following requirements:

Mass (weight) 200 g..m2 (6 ounces per square yard), minimum

Mesh opening Nominal 50 mm x 50 mm (2-inch by 2-inch), maximum

(d) Weed Barrier and Weed Control Mats.

1. Weed Barrier Mat. Stable, evenly distributed, permeable, network of polymeric woven, non-woven or a woventnon-woven combination of polypropylene or polyester filaments or yarns manufactured for weed

805 - 4 Change No. j

- barrierlsoil separator use, inert to commonly encountered constniction chemicals or substances and conforming to the following physical requirements:

Type MARV* Property

Woven or combination Non-woven fabric

Woven or combination Non-woven fabric

All fabric

All fabric

0.03 sec-1 Permittivity flow rate 1.3 sec- 1 A S T M D 4491

0.004 cmlsec Permeability coefficient 488 IJmin/mz Permeability flux

(12 gauminlsq. A.) ASThl. D 4491 Falling head test

175 N (40 Ibs.) Puncture strength (5116-inch flat head rod) ASTM D 4833

70% after 150 hours Ultraviolet resistance Strength retention ASTbl D 4355

Minimum Average Roll Value (+95% of the fabric in a lot will meet or exceed the minimum requirements).

Certify as specified in Section 106,03(b).

2. Weed Control M a t Stable, permeable network of spunbonded, long chain synthetic polyolefins (minimum 95% by mass (weight)) filaments or yarns with nodules of trifluralin, carbon black and polyethylene compounded together utilizing time-release characteristics permanently attached to the fabric on 38 mm (1 1R-inch) centers and conforming to the followhg requirements.

Pbysical Property MARV*

Trifluralin (Nodule) 20%

Puncture strength (51 1 6-inch flat head rod) ASTbl D 4833

Permittivity ASTM D 149 1

Ultraviolet resistance Strength retention A S T M D 1355

175 N (39 Ibs.)

0.7 sec- I

70% after 500 hours

Minimum Average Roll Value (+95% of the fabric in a,lot will meet or exceed the minimum requirement).

Certify as specified in Section 106.03( b).

(e) Staples. Section 806.2(e)l

( f ) Wood Stakes. Section 8 0 6 . 2 ! ~ ) 3 .

(a) Mulching Seeded Areas. Place mulch, of the type indicated, immediately after seeding or within 48 hours after seeding is completed. Unless otherwise indicated, place only strawor wood fiber over topsoiled areas. Use hay, straw, or wood fiber in other areas, as indicated or specified. . .

Place hay or straw uniformly, in a continuous blank6 at a minimum rate of 650 kg/1000 m' (1.200 pounds per 1,000 square yards) or as otherwise indicated. If directed increase the rate of application, depending upon the material used, season, soil conditions, or method of application. An acceptable mechanical blower may be used to apply mulch. Do not use machines that cut mulch into short pieces. Anchor mulch with specified mulch binders applied at the following rates:

Recycled cellulose fiber-90 kg/1000 m2 (160 pounds per 1,000 square yards)

Wood fiber-90 kg/] 000 m2 (160 pounds per 1,000 square yards)

Noriaspbaltic emulsion-At manufacturer's recommended rate

Polyvinyl acetat-At manufacturer's recommended rate

Recycled cellulose fiber/wood fiber mixture-90 kg/] 000 m2 (160 pounds per 1,000 square yards)

The mulch binder application .is incidental to the application of straw and hay mulch. Apply wood fiber m~ilch hydraulically according to the manufacturer's tank-mixing instructions. It may be

incorporated as an integral part of the slurry after the seed and soil supplements have been thoroughly mixed. Apply uniformly at the rate of 175 kg/1000 ma (320 pounds per 1,000 square yards) unless otherwise indicated.

Mulch temporary seeded areas with hay.

1. Median Areas. On slopes 1:6 (6:l) or flatter, place pellet mulch by hand or using a mechanical spreader immediately after seeding. Apply uniformly at application rate of 293 kg/1000 m2 (540 pounds per 1,000 square yards). Thoroughly wet pellet mulch with water without dislodging mulch.

@) Mulch Control Netting.

1. Plastic Install netting over designated mulch surface. Staple upslope ends, edges, bottom, and overlaps at 600 mm (24-inch) intervals. Overlap adjacent fabric to outside edges. Secure remaining fabric areas by putting in approximately 1 staple per 1.0 m' (1 staple per 1 square yard) of area

2. Coconut Coir. Install netting over designated mulch surface. Stretch fabric tightly and anchor with wood stakes along all edges at 2 2 m (7-foot) maximum interval. Overlap adjacent fabric widths by not less than 200 mm (8 inches).

(c) Mulching Planted Aread

1. Individual Plant Pits. Uniformly apply a designated mulch specified in Section 805.2ia)2 to the entire plant pit to a loose depth of 75 mm (5 inches) and as shown on the Standard Drawine. Apply mulch within 48 hours after completion of the planting operation.

2. Planting Beds. Cover designated shrub beds with mulch or mulch and weed barrier mat or mulch and weed control mat as indicated. Cut mat around the plant stem to ensure mat will not extend above the mulch. Secure mat to the soil surface with staples or other approved anchoring devices at a maximum interval spacing of 1.0 m (3 feet) and along all edges and overlaps. Overlap mat edge with SO mm (2-inch) minimum.

Uniformly apply a designated mulch specified in Section 805.2(a)2 over the entire bed area to a loose depth of 75 mm (5 inches). Redismbute excessive mulch depth. Taper mulch depth at plant pit as shown on the Stantlard Dnwinc. Apply mat and mulch within 48 hours after completion of the planting operation.

805 - 6 Change ,Vo. 5

(d) Maintenance. Properly maintain mulched areas until the entire project has been completed. Promptly reapply mulch materials, which become dislodged or lost due to wind, rain, or other causes. at initial or modified rates, as directed.

After mulching work on a slope has been satisfactorily completed, if a slope failure occurs. one that requires redressing, excavation, or the establishment of a new slope, replace the mulch, as directed.

(e) Bonded Fiber Matrix.

1. General. Prepare surfaces as specified in section 804.Yb). Scarify all slopes greater than 1:3 (3:l) to ensure a rough texture for lodging of seed and BFM. Apply seed at twice the rate specified in Section 804.21 h12 Table A. Apply soil supplements as specified in Section 804.3(c).

2. Application. Apply bonded fiber mamx components hydraulically with hydromulching (hydroseed) equipment manufactured for this purpose. Follow manufacturer's mixing and application instructions.

The bonded fiber matrix components may be incorporated as an integral part of the seeding and soil supplement application if seeding and soil supplements are applied hydraulically.

.. . Apply polymer binder or hydrocolloid binder mamxes at an application rate of 337.5 kgll00O m2 (3,000 pounds per acre) or as indicated to provide a uniform soil surface coverage thickness of 4 mm (0.16 inch) maximum after drying. Test application procedures to ensure a uniform application rate. Do not apply within 24 hours of anticipated rainfall.

Mix gypsum binder matrix components in a homogenous siurry in the following proportions for each 379 L (1 00 gallons) of water: gypsum b i n d e r 4 9 kg (150 pounds); wood fiber-18 kg (40 pounds); and synthetic f i b e r 4 3 kg (0.6 pounds). Apply gypsum binder matrix at an application rate of 675 kgt1000 m' (6,000 pounds per acre) or as indicated so that the soil surface is covered uniformly. Do not apply within 12 hours of anticipated rainfall.

Place BFM material at least 450 mrn (1 8 inches) beyond the toe and top of all slopes. Apply material in at least two different directions to provide as much uniform coverage with no gaps or spaces greater than 1 mm (0.04 inch).

805.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT-

(a) Seeded Areas. Tonne (Ton) For the type indicated. Measured by the number of tonnes (tons) of mulch actually incorporated into the work,

at the specified rates.

@) Planted Areas. Square Meter (Square Yard) For the type indicated.

(c) Mulcb Replacement. The Department will pay for replacing mulch on failed slope areas, as specified in Section 805.3(cj, at the wntract unit price, in addition to the original accepted mulch application.

(d) Mulcbing and Weed Barrier Mat. Square Meter (Square Yard) For the type indicated.

(e) Mulching and Weed Control Mat. Square Meter (Square Yard) For the type indicated.

(0 Mulcbing - Bonded Fiber Matrix. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(g) Mulch Control Netting. Square Meter (Square Yard)

805 - 7 Change ,No. 5

MULCHING - Mulches absorb rainfall impact, increase the rate of infiltration. reduce soil moisture loss due to evaporation, moderate soil temperatures, provide a suitable environment for germination. and protect the seedling from intense sunlight. All seeded areas should be mulched to minimize the - potential for failure to establish an adequate vegetative cover. Mulching may also be used as a

I - -I ,, temporary stabilization of disturbed areas in non-germinating seasons.

FIGURE 19 Straw ~ u l c h At Various Rates Of Application

1 Ton Per Acre

Apply mulches at the rates shown in Table 16

Straw and hay mulch should be anchored immediately after application to prevent being windblown. A tractor-drawn implement may be used to "crimp" the straw or hay into the soil. This method is limited to slopes no steeper than 3:l. The machinery should be operated on the contour. (Note: Crimping of hay or straw by running over it with tracked machinery is not recommended.)

Asphalt, either emulsified or cut-back, containing no solvents or other diluting agents toxic to plant or animal life, uniformly applied at the rate of 31 gallons per 1000 sq. yd. may be used to tack mulch.

363-21 34-008 / March 13,2000 / Page 76

Synthetic Binders (chemical binders) may be used as recommended by the manufacturer to anchor mulch provided suffic~ent documentation is provided to show they are non-toxic to native plant and animal specles

sz, -I -. Lightweight plastic, fiber, or paper nets may be stapled over the mulch according to manufacturer's

recommendations

TABLE 16 Mulch Application Rates

Mulch Type

Straw

[ Wood 1 1,000Ib. I 25 Ib. 1 210 Ib. 1 When used over straw or I

i Hay

Wood Cellulose

1 1 Cellulose I 1 1 hav 1

Application Rate (Min.) i 1

3 tons

1,500 Ib.

363-21 34-008 / March 13,2000 / Page 77

Notes I

Either wheat or oat straw, free of weeds, not i

I

Per Acre

3 tons '

I Wood Chips 1 - I 185-275ib.

1 chopped or finely broken 1 140 Ib.

35 Ib.

Per 1,000 sq. ft.

140 Ib.

1,650 - 2,500 Ib.

Per 1,000 sq. yd.

1,240 Ib.

1,240 Ib.

310 Ib.

May prevent germination of grasses and legumes

Timothy, mixed clover and timothy or other native forage grasses

Do not use alone ~n winter, during hot and dry weather or on steep slopes (2 3:l)

SECTION 806-WATER COURSE AND SLOPE EROSION PROTECTION

806.1 DESCRIP'TION-This work i s furnishing, placement, and maintenance o f soil erosion control material

806.2 MATERIAL-From a manufacturer listed in Bulletin I5 and conforming to the following requirements:

(a) Erosion Control Mats (ECM) and Mulch Blankets (ECB).

1. Erosion Control Mat. Undyed, flexible, non-treated biodegradable heavy jute, coconut coir. photodegradable polypropylene multifilament, and tape yam or other yams woven into a dimensionally stable uniform open plain weave mesh conforming to the physical properties of one o f the following:

rn Organic yarns-Mesh with approximately 15 mm to 75 mm (0.6-inch to I-inch) square openings and having a mass (weight) not less than 470 g/m2(14 ounces per square yard).

Synthetic fibers-Mesh with either nominal 4 mm x 4 mm (0.15-inch by 0.15-inch) or 7.5 mm x 3 mm (0.10-inch by 0.12-inch) (minimum average roll values) openings and having a mass (weight) not less than 55 dm2 (1.75 ounces per square yard).

2. Erosion Control Mulch Blanket. One o f the following:

2.a Organic Mulch Material. A machine produced mat of organic, biodegradable mulch material such as straw, curled wood cellulose, coconut fiber, or combinations of material evenly distributed and attached on one side o f a photodegradable polypropylene mesh with high-strength threads conforming to the following physical properties:

' Mass (weight) 270 g/m2 (8 ounces per square yard), minimum

Mat thickness Approximately 3 mm to 15 mm (0.125 inch to 0.6 inch)

2.b Reprocessed Wood Fiber. A flexible, non-woven, biodegradable water absorbing mat o f mechanically defibrated wood fibers and synthetic fibers with a photodegradable polypropylene netting laminated to one side o f the mat and conforming to the following physical properties:

Mass (weight) 215 g/m2 to 270 g/m2 (6.4 ounces per square yard to 7.9 ounces per square yard)

Mat thickness 7.6 mm (0.105 inch), minimum

3. High Velocity Erosion Control Mulch Blanket. Section YO6.2(n')7.a, except mulch material i s evenly distributed between two layers o f photodegradable polypropylene mesh.

(b) Tur f Reinforcement Mat (TRM). A machine-produced, three-dimensional, matrix web o f mechanically or melt-bonded monofilaments or fibers processed to form a strong, entangled, and dimensionally stable rolled erosion control product. Matrix manufactured to have sufficient thickness, resiliency, and void space to f i l l with soil thereby providing erosion protection while facilitating vegetative establishment. The Contractor may supplement the matrix with polyethylene or polyolefin fibers, or degradable natural organic coconut fibers, stitched between biaxially oriented process synthetic netting with synthetic or natural threads. Matrix components, other than the supplemental fibers, stabilized against ultraviolet degradation, and conforming to the following physical properties:

806 - 1 Change. No. 6

Matrix bonding

Matrix fibers

Mat thickness

Tensile strength

Ultraviolet stability

Either polymer matrix welding, thermal or polymer matris fusion, or fibers positioned between nvo high-strength biaxially oriented mesh nets bound securel? together by parallel stitching with polyolefin, polypropylene. nylon. or polyester threads.

Polyolefin, polypropylene, or natural coconut fiber

I3 mm (112-inch), Average Nominal Thickness (AS'I \.I L) m) 1.75 kNlm x 1.4 kNlm* (10 pounds force per inch by 8 pounds force per inch*) (dSTb1 D 1593). or 1.36 kNim x 0.79 kNlm* (7.8 pounds force per inch by 4.5 pounds force per inch*) (ASTh.1 D 5035)

80% tensile strength retained (.ASrkI D 1755)

* Minimum Average Roll Value

(c) Erosion Control a n d Revegetation Mat (ECRM). One of the following:

1. Type A. A flexible, machine produced, UV stabilized, three dimensional matrix web of mechanically or melt bonded nylon or polymer netting, monofilaments or fibers that are entangled to form a strong and dimensionally stable rolled erosion control product. Matrix to provide sufficient thickness to cover the ground and provide erosion protection while facilitating vegetation establishment and conforming to the following physical properties:

Matrix bonding

Mat thickness

Tensile strength

Either polymer welding, thermal or polymer fusion. or synthetic fibers positioned between nvo high-strength biaxially oriented nets bound securely together by parallel stitching with polyolefin, polypropylene, nylon, or polyester threads.

3 mm (0.125-inch), Average Nominal Thickness (.ASTkI D 652s)

1.59 kNlm x 0.86 kNlm* (9.1 pounds force per inch by 4.9 pounds force per inch*) (AS-l'hl D 4595), or 1.45 kNIm x 0.70 kNlm* (8.3 pounds force per inch by 4 pounds force per inch*) (.ASI-M D 5075)

Ultraviolet stability 80% tensile strength retained (:ASTI1 D 135:)


2. T y p e B. A flexible, randomly oriented polyviny lchloride monofilaments bonded together to form a stable three dimensional entangled, porous matrix resistant to natural soil and groundwater chemical degradation. Matrix to provide sufficient thickness and ground cover to provide erosion protection while facilitating vegetative establishment and conforming to the following physical properties:

Mat thickness

Mass (weight) per unit area

2.5 mm (0:10 inches), Average Nominal Thickness ( h S I 31 D 5 190)

800 !g/m2* (24 ounces per square yard*) (ASTbl D 536 1 )


Wide width Tensile strength

Ultraviolet stability

2.1 kNlm x 0.70 kN/mZ (12 b y 4 pounds force per inch*) (i\S'TXI 1) 4595 or :\STK1 D 7776)

8596 tensile strength retained (ASTh.1 D 4.:55)


(d) Anchoring Devices.

1. Staples. 4 mm (NO. 8 gauge) steel wire, bent U-shaped or square top with a throat width of 25 mm to 50 mm (I inch to 2 inches), with an effective minimum driving depth of 200 rnm (8 inches).

2. Metal Pin. Carbon steel pin, 5 mm (3116-inch) shank diameter, 460 mm (18-inch) length with attached 38 mm ( 1 112-inch) minimum outside diameter steel washer head.

3. Wood Stakes. Sound, rough sawn, approved hardwood 25 mm x 100 mm (I -inch by 4-inch) nominal stake tapered to a point throughout, with a minimum length of 450 mm (1 8 inches).

4. Substitutes. Submit other anchoring devices, as recommended by the mat manufacturer, for review and approval.

(e) Seeding and Soil Supplements. Section 804

(f) Mulch for Seeded Areas. Section 805

(g) Certification. Sec~ion 106.03(b)3

806.3 CONSTRUCTION-

(a) Erosion Control Mats a n d ~ u l c h Blankets.

1. General. Place e~.osion coiit~.ol n~a~el-lals after final grading and dressing slope, swale, or channel to define flow area and after applying designated soil supplements, seed, and mulch, as indicated. lnstall erosion control materials to conform to shape of soil surface. '

Unroll, place, and anchor mat evenly and smoothly, without stretching, to maintain contact with mulch surface at all points. Use appropriate anchoring devices and follow installation directions of the mat manufacturer. If staples are used, drive staple flush with the top of the mat or the mulch blanket surface so that the staple does not extend above the mat or the mulch blanket. Click to view Video of ECMIECB installation.

2. Erosion Control Mulch Blanket and High Velocity Erosion Control Mulch Blanket. lnstall blanket having mesh on only one side with mesh side on top. If erosion control blankets are installed, the mulch application normally associated with seeding operation is not required.

(b) T u r f Reinforcement Mat.

1. Site Preparation. Prepare final graded and dressed soil surfaces to receive permanent seeding in accordance with Section 804.3. Soil surfaces to be free of rocks or other obstructions that prevent the mat from lying in direct contact with soil.

2. Mat Installation. Unroll, place, and anchor mat evenly and smoothly, without stretching, to conform to the shape of and be in uniform contact with the soil surface. Use appropriate anchoring devices and follow installation directions of mat manufacturer. Drive staples or anchoring pins flush with soil surface.


- - - -. - -- 3. Seeding. After mat installation. broadcast designated seed formula misture into mat matrix in - - accordance with Section 801..:.

4. Topsoil Placement. After seeding, uniformly place 13 mrn to 20 mm ( 1 2 inch to 3: inch) of approved topsoil on mat. Work soil into mat voids to completely fill mat matris flush with top of mat. Remove excess topsoil.

5. Mulching. Mulch area with designated mulch as specified in Sectivn S05. i .

(c) Erosion Control and Revegetation Mat.

1. Site Preparation. Prepare final graded and dressed soil surfaces to receive permanent seeding as specified in Src.tion 804.2. Soil surfaces to be free of rocks or other obstructions that prevent mat from lying in direct contact with soil.

2. Seeding. Place designated seed formula mixture as specified in Section 804 3 . Mulch application normally associated with seeding operation is not required for installation of mats.

3. Mat Installation. Unroll, place, and anchor mat evenly and smoothly without stretching. Use appropriate anchoring devices and follow installation directions of mat manufacturer. Drive staples or anchoring pins flush with soil surface.

(d) Maintenance. Properly maintain designated erosion control system until entire project is accepted. If a protected slope, swale, or other soil surface failure occurs after installation of work, redress affected soil areas and reinstall protection material 'as specified for original treatment, unless directed otherwise.

806.4 MEASUREMENTS AND PAYMENT-

(a) Erosion Control Mat. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(b) Erosion Control Mulch Blanket. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(c) High-Velocity Erosion Control Mulch Blanket. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(d) T u r f Reinforcement Mat. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(e) Erosion Control and Revegetation Mat. Square Meter (Square Yard)

(f) Seeding and Soil Supplements. SCCIIOII 804.4(;1) for the type indicated.

(g) Mulch. Sect~on 805.lra) and for the type indicated.


EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS - There are many varieties of Erosion Control Blankets on the market. They range from rolls of natural and artificial materials, which must be installed by hand. to liquid, spray-on, materials which make use of a bonding agent to hold natural or artificial fibers in place until vegetation becomes established. Use erosion control blankets on all slopes that are steeper than -

_P - 3:l. . --

Consideration should be given to using a suitable erosion control blanket wherever earth disturbance occurs in close proximity (within 50') to waters of the Commonwealth (e.g. stream crossings, wetlands. ponds, storm sewer inlets etc.), especially if site conditions make use of conventional erosion and sediment control BMPs difficult. (Note: The E & S Control plan must address how runoff from disturbed areas will be handled prior to the erosion control blanket being installed.) Erosion control blankets should also be considered where soil conditions (e.g. low fertility, droughty conditions, erodibility, etc.) make revegetation difficult. When properly installed, erosion control blankets can help hold soil particles in place and retain soil moisture, promoting seed germination. The blanket also provides the seedlings protection from intense sunlight during early stages of growth. A temporary blanket is necessary where vegetation is proposed as the protective lining for waterways.

Erosion control blankets are NOT effective in preventing slumping. Wherever slope stability problems are anticipated or encountered, appropriate measures such as reducing steepness of slope, diverting upslope runoff, reducing soil moisture, loading the toe, or buttressing the slope should be considered.

Wherever erosion control blankets are specified, they should be installed/applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

A copy of .the installation/application procedure should be included in the E & S Control plan on a detail sheet. If the specific product that will be used cannot be identified in the E & S Control plan, the minimum standards for the product that will be used must be provided.

363-21 34-008 1 March 1 3,2000 1 Page 78

SECTION 8 6 S S I L T BARRIER FENCE

865.1 DESCRIPTION-This work is construction of silt barrier fences of the height indicated.

865.2 MATERIAL-

(a) Geotextiles, Class 3, Type A or &Section 735

(b) Mesh Support. Metallic coated steel, 2.0 mm (14.5 gage) wire mesh, arranged in a maximum grid of 150 mrn x 150 mm (6 inches by 6 inches), or an acceptable, equivalent plastic mesh.

(c) Posts. Of sufficient length for 460 rnm (1 8-inch) embedment in the ground. Either wood, nominal 5 1 rnm (2.0 inches) square; or steel, 3 1.8 rnm x 25.4 mm (1.25-inch by 1.00-inch) T-section or equivalent; or acceptable plastic, with an equivalent section.

(d) ~asteners . No. 9 staples, 38 mm (1.5 inches) long, or tie wires, 1.37 mm (17 gage) steel, of appropriate length, acceptably metallic coated.

(e) Ground Anchors. Install for ditch or swale condition, as directed.

(f) Guy Wires. 3.30 mm2 (No. 12 gage), galvanized, according to ASTM A 392, Class 11. Install for ditch or swale condition, as directed.

(g) Wood Strips. Of sufficient length and measuring 50 rnm x 50 mm (2 inches by 2 inches) in size. Place around the silt barrier fence for Inlet protection, as shown on the Standard Drawings.

8653 CONSTRUCTION-As shown on the Standard Drawings, with or without mesh support fencing, and as follows:

Install posts and excavate the trench. Fasten the geotextile fabric securely to the top of the mesh, at.a maximum spacing of 760 mm (30 inches), and to the posts, ensuring that sag is kept to a minimum. Extend the geotextile fabric a minimum of 150 rnm (6 inches) into the excavated trench, backfill the trench with the excavated soil, and compact.

After installation, satisfactorily maintain the barrier fence. The fence fabric may require periodic cleaning by tapping the dry fabric from the downstream side. If drected, remove and replace barrier fence not functioning due to clogging, damage, or deterioration.

When the bamer fence is no longer needed, remove the fence and restore the area as specified in Section 105.14.

865.4 MEASUREMENT.AND PAYMENT-

(a) Silt Barrier Fence. Meter (Linear Foot)

(b) Silt Barrier Fence Replacement. If silt bamer fence is requiredto be.replaced, the Department will pay for it at the contract unit price for Silt Bamer Fence.

865 - 1 Initial Edition

FILTER FABRIC FENCE (SILT FENCE) - Filter fabric fence may be used to control runoff from small disturbed areas when it is in the form of sheet flow, and the discharge is to a stable area. Only those fabric types specified for such use by the manufacturer should be used.

Es2 -- - Do not use filter fabric fence in areas of concentrated flows (e.g. channels, swales, erosion gullies. across pipe outfalls, as inlet protection, etc.). It should not be wrapped around the principal spillway risers of sediment basins.

Filter fabric fence should not be used in areas where rock or rocky soils prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the fence.

Filter fabric fence should not be installed on uncompacted fills or in extremely loose soils (e.g. sandy loam), since this will likely result in undermining of the fence.

Filter fabric fence should be installed at level grade. Both ends of each fence section should be extended at least 8 feet upslope at 45 degrees to the main fence alignment to allow for poollng of water.

A 6" deep trench should be excavated, minimizing the disturbance on the downslope side. The bottom of the trench should be at level grade. maximum deviation from level grade should be I%, and not extend for more than 25 ft.

Support stakes should be driven 18" below the existing ground surface at 8 foot (max.) intervals.

Filter fabric should be stretched and fastened to the upslope side of the support stakes. Wherever reinforced fabric fence is installed, the reinforcement mesh should be fastened to the stakes prior to the fabric.

At fabric ends, both ends should be wrapped around the support stake and'stapled. If the fabric comes already attached to the stakes, the end stakes should be held together while the fabric is wrapped around the stakes at least one revolution prior to driving the stakes.

The bottom of the fence should be anchored by placing the fabric in the bottom of the trench, and backfilling and compacting the fill material in the trench.

Guy wires should be attached to reinforced fabric fence (see Standard Construction Detail #20). An acceptable alternative is to stake straw bales on the downslope side of the fence (see Standard Construction Detail #21).

Filter fabric fence should be inspected weekly and after each runoff event. Needed repairs should be initiated immediately after the inspection.

Straw bales generally need to be replaced every three months.

Filter fabric fence alignment should be at least 8' from the toe of fill slopes.

The maximum slope length above 18" or 3 0 filter fabric fence should not exceed that shown in Table 18. The slope length shown is the distance from the fence to the drainage divide or the nearest upslope channel. NOTE: Multiple rows of Filter Fabric Fence may not be used on a continuous slope.

363-21 34-008 1 March 13,2000 1 Page 86

TABLE 18 Maximum Slope Lengths for Filter Fabric Fence

i Maximum Slope Length (ft) Above Fence I Slope - Percent 1 18" High Fence 30" High Fence*

'Reinforced 30" high fence. See Standard Construction Details #20 or #21.

2 (or less) 5

10

Wherever there is a break or change in slope above the silt fence, the Maximum Allowable Slope Length should be determined by the following method:

(a) Determine the length and percent of the slope segment immediately above the fence.

15 2 0

! 150 500

(b) Subtract the length of this segment from the allowable slope length for that percent slope shown in Table 18. If the result is positive, find the percentage of the allowable slope length that has been used (slope length - allowable slope length).

100 50

(c) Subtract the result from 1 .OO to determine the unused percentage of allowable slope length.

250 150

(d) Determine the maximum allowable slope length for the percent slope of the remaining segment from Table 18.

(e) Multiply this allowable slope length by the remainder from step (c) above.

(f) Add the result from step (b) to that from step (e). This is the maximum allowable slope length for the entire slope.

363-21 34-008 / March 13,2000 / Page 87

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION DETAIL # I 9 Standard Filter Fabric Fence (18" High)

JOINING FENCE SECTIONS

/-- SUPPORT STAKE

'Stakes spaced @ 8' maximum. Use 2"x 2" wood or equivalent steel stakes.

Filter Fabric Fence must be placed at level existing grade. Both ends of the barrier must be extended at least 8 feet up slope at 45 degrees to the main barrier alignment.

Sediment must be removed when accumulations reach 112 the above ground height of the fence

Any section of Filter fabric fence which has been undermined or topped must be immediately replaced with a RockoFilter Outlet. See Standard Construction Detail # 18.

363-21 34-008 I March 13,2000 I Page 88

ROCK FILTERS - Rock filters may be used to control runoff within constructed channels until the protective lining is installed. They may also be used below construction work within an existing stream channel while flow is being diverted past the work area. In such cases, the filter should be located between the work area and the discharge from the bypass system. Rock filters may not be used in lieu

' of sediment basins.

Rock filters may be used to control sediment originating within a channel, either during construction of the channel (before the channel is stabilized) or dur~ng a temporary disturbance within the channel. Rock filters may not be used in collector channels in lieu of sediment basins.

Rock filters should not be used in lieu of appropriate channel linings. This practice often~esults in overtopping of the channel during storm events, scouring of the channel bottom below the filter, or erosion of the channel side slopes as sediment deposits build up behind the filter.

. .

Rock filters should not be used in lieu of an adequate protective lining in sediment basin emergency spillways. This can reduce the effective discharge capacity of the spillway and, in doing so, increase the possibility of embankment failure.

Rock filters should be constructed according to the specifications shown in Standard Construction Detail #23.

Rock filters should be constructed with Riprap sized as follows:

For channels with Total Depth > 3 feet, use R-4. For channels with Total Depth between 2 and 3 feet, use R-3. For channels with Total Depth between 1 and 2 feet, use R-2.

Rock filters should not be used in channels of less than 1 foot total depth.

The filter should be equal inheight to '/2 the total depth of the channel with a 6" depression in the center.

A one foot thick layer of AASHTO #57 stone should be placed on the upstream side of the filter. NOTE: Filter fabric and straw bales should not be used in rock filters!

Rock filters should be inspected weekly and after each runoff event.

Clogged filter stone (AASHTO # 57) should be replaced.

363-21 34-008 1 March 13,2000'1 Page 93

APPENDIX

ESTIMATED PEAK RATES OF RUNOFF PSU- IV METHOD - Version 4.0

COUNTY : Cameron SR-SECTION: 1 2 0 / ~ 1 4

MUNICIPALITY: ~ i b s o n Township SEGMENT/OFFSET: 0580/0000

USGS QUADRANGLE: riftw wood STATION: 837+29

STREAM NAME: Johnson Run HIGHWAY CLASS: A r t e r i a1

L a t i t u d e o f Drainage Area cen t ro id : 41' 22' 3" Longitude o f raina age Area Centro id: 78" 7 ' 5 "

~ e g i 0 n Number: Region Zf . . \ ) \ i . ' .- . D r a i nage Area s . m i : 1 f 5 -.' I i -' ..' ' .

Percent o f Forest (%): '"95- s t d . ~ e v i a t i o n sy ( p l a t e 2) : .262 skew C o e f f i c i e n t (P la te 3) : .42

Using the qua ti on f o r Ybar from Table 1.1 Ybar = 1.90 + 0.81 Log A - 0.0021 FOR

where A (Drainage ~ r e a ) i s i n sq. m i . and FOR (Percent Forest) i s i n %.

Ybar = 1.861

YEAR KY YTR unadjusted Q ( f tA3/s)

NOTE: The discharges l i s t e d a r e f o r a normal watershed a t a 50 p e r c e n t , conf idence l i m i t , except *SO0 which i s ( 1 . 7 ' * 4100).

Comments: Performed by JKK

Date: 3/23/2005

~ l l references r e f e r t o t h e PSU-IV Research Report.

Page 1

CHART 26

300

"a. - .. .

EXAMPLE

- SCALE ENTRANCE D TYPE

l o urn. rncrlr (2) of (3) erojrct n r t i r r r ta l l r to rerlr (I], than ume atralght imellmr4 l i m r thr.vqL

0 ond 0 rcolrr , oc r tv r r r r mr I I Iu8 t r~ tad .

HEADWATER DEPTH FOR C. M. PIPE CULVERTS W I T H INLET CONTROL

CHART 4B ( 1 3

2

I

0 0 I0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 60 10 8 0 9 0 100

DISCHARGE-O- CFS

D I S C H A R G E - 0 - CFS

DISCHARGE - Q - CFS BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS

JAN 1964 CRITICAL DE PTH CIRCULAR PIPE

CHART 6B

HEAD FOR STANDARD

C. M. PIPE CULVERTS FLOWING FULL

n = 0.024

TABLE 12 - ENTRANCE LOSS COEFFICIENTS

Outlet Control, Full or Partly Full Entrance Head Loss,

Type of Structure and Desiqn of Entrance

Pipe. Concrete

Projecting from fill, socket end (groove-end) Projecting from fill, sq. cut end Headwall or headwall and wingwalls

Socket end of pipe (groove-end Square-edge

Rounded (radius = Dl12 Mitered to conform to fill slope *End-Section conforming to fill slope Beveled edges, 33.7' or 45' bevels Side- or slope-tapered inlet

Pipe. or Pipe-Arch. Corruqated Metal

Projecting from fill (no headwall) Headwall or headwall and wingwalls square-edge Mitered to conform to fill slope, paved or unpaved slope *End-Section conforming to fill slope Beveled edges, 33.7' or 45' bevels Side- or slope-tapered inlet

Box, Reinforced Concrete

Headwall parallel to embankment (no wingwalls) Square-edged on 3 edges Rounded on 3 edges to radius of Dl12 or 8/72

or beveled edges on 3 sides Wingwalls at 30' to 75' to barrel

Square-edged at crown Crown ed e rounded to radius of Dl1 2 or beveled top edge % Wingwall at 10 to 25' to barrel Square-edged at crown

Wingwalls parallel (extension of sides) Square-edged at crown

Side- or slope-tapered inlet

Coefficient K,

'Note: "End Sections conforming to fill slope," made of either metal or concrete, are the sections commonly available from manufacturers. From limited hydraulic tests they are equivalent in operation to a headwall in both inlet and outlet control. Some end sections, incorporating a closed taper in their design have a superior hydraulic performance. These latter sections can be designed using the information given for the beveled inlet.

Chapter 10 - Drainage Design and Related Procedures

TABLE 10.7.3 (ENGLISH) ALLOWABLE FILL HEIGHTS FOR

CORRUGATED GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES

DESIGN LIFE - 50 YR PIPE

DIAMETER (in)

HEIGHTS OF FILL (ft)

3 1 - - - 1 5 1 7 ; - - - -

1 6 Gage MIN 1 MAX

14 Gape MIN I MAX

12 Gage MIN 1 MAX

10 Gage MIN I MAX

8 Gage MIN MAX

Chapter 10 - Drainage Design and Related Procedures Publication I3M ( DM-2 I

TABLE 10.7.4 (ENGLISH) ALLOWABLE FILL HEIGHTS FOR

CORRUGATED GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES

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