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“New Imperialism”

The West and the World1870-1914

04/21/231

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Day 2 – Scramble for Africapp. 723-726

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1. Which European countries had a presence in Africa before 1870?

2. Where were French colonies most prevalent? British?

3. What African countries remained independent in 1914? Why?

Africa: before and after Map24.2, pg. 723

+Settler Colonies in South and North Africa

Settler colony = large number of European settlers inhabit an area North American, South America, Australia

South Africa – Dutch Boers then English settlers Europeans = 10% population BTU control the economy and

government Union of South Africa, 1900 African National Congress, 1912

French Algeria Europeans = 40% population French dominate economy and gov’t Arab-Muslims = no political rights

+Congo River Basin Founded by Belgian king Leopold II

Interested in increasing his own personal wealth – rubber, palm oil, ivory

Congo Free State, 1885 – run by Leopold II and his Force Publique (mercenaries)

Used forced labor and incredibly cruel and brutal punishments on laborers

1908 colony turned over to Belgian state due to reports of atrocities perpetrated by Leopold

Congo gained independence in 1960

Currently a hotbed of revolutionary violence and human rights injustices

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http://www.yale.edu/gsp/colonial/belgian_congo/index.html

+ Berlin Conference 1884-1885 Bismarck tries to avoid war in Europe & find answer to “African question” no African leaders were invited draft procedural code for acquisition of territory est. boundaries of Congo Assoc. as international state

Results: Congo: Belgian King but other can trade there More liberal use of Congo / Niger rivers European countries occupying coast take precedence

over others Acquire by:

Occupation – “indirect rule” & administrative or military presence

Notify other nations of occupation and claim European countries rule all of Africa except Ethiopia and

Liberia

+German Colonies German Colonial Union & Emperor Wilhelm II

press Bismarck to expand German Empire Southwest Africa Togo(land) Cameroon East Africa

Results Great Britain perceive German colonies as a threat to

their imperial interests Economically unprofitable – cost German taxpayers Herero Revolt, 1905-1907 – genocide in South West

Africahttp://www.preventgenocide.org/edu/pastgenocides/swafrika/resources/

Boer – British Conflict Boers/Afrikaners (White

Dutch South Africans) vs. British Dutch original settlers in Cape

Town British arrive after Napoleon –

Cape Colony 1835 Boers Great Trek to area

btw. Orange and Vaal Rivers 1877 British seize Transvaal,

Boers revolt, British recognize South African Republic

1880-1896 Cecil Rhodes, 1896 attempts to overthrow the Boers

1899-1902 Boer War, pg. 726

1910 Union of South Africa

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