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National, epic French poem Knight of Charlemagne—hero of poem, dies fighting the Moors.
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Transcript of National, epic French poem Knight of Charlemagne—hero of poem, dies fighting the Moors.
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National, epic French poem Knight of Charlemagne—hero of poem,
dies fighting the Moors
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Inferno (Hell) Purgatorio (Purgatory) Paradiso (Heaven) Roman poet Virgil guide thru
Hell and Purgatory Beatrice, his ideal love, guides
him thru Heaven
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1. Flatterers 2. Hoarders 3. Thieves 4. Fortune Tellers 5. Murderers
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6. Suicide 7. Counterfeiters 8. Blasphemers/Perverts 9. Treachery against Kin 10. Treachery against Lords
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Story of pilgrims on visit to shrine of Thomas Becket
All classes in society represented in telling story
Pokes fun and is satirical.
Page…263
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Architecture style used vaults, arches, domes, & columns.
Few windows. Dark.
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Began in 1100’s. Named after
barbarian Goths Reaching up to
heaven, a monument to God.
Walls high and thin with large windows.
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Developed in 12th and 13th Centuries
“Universitas”—Latin for an association of people.
Became place for learning and teaching
Paris Oxford Bologna Salerno
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Reconcile faith and reason.
Christianity with Aristotle’s philosophy.
St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica summarized religion at the time.
Each point used reason/faith.
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Under feudalism, all people were loyal to their feudal lord. People did not pay much attention to which “country” they lived in.
As feudalism began to decline, Kings began to organize their kingdoms into organized nation. This fueled “Patriotism” the feeling of loyalty to a country as a whole.
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Power of King ~ Up Feudal Lords ~
Down # of Serfs ~ Down # of Free Peasants
~ Up
= Death of Feudalism
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Named for a series of conflicts between 1337 and 1453 between England and France
Causes: English King held 2
territories in France, that made him the vassal of the French King
When the last Capetian died, Edward III (K of E) tried to claim the French throne
He brought an army to Flanders, and the conflict had begun
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Despite many English victories, by 1453 the English had lost all French land except Calais
By 1553, they had lost Calais as well
Ultimately, this was a major defeat for the British
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Longbow
Gunpowder
Cannon
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Over time Parliament, especially the House Commons gained more power than the king
King needed their power to tax, which gave them ultimate power
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Civil War between ruling families
Yorks (white roses) vs. Lancasters (red roses)
Delayed the growth of strong central govt. in England
Most fighting done by nobles and private armies
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Henry Tudor (Lancaster) ended the wars by defeating Richard III (York) at Bosworth Field (1485)
Tudor seized the throne, married a daughter of the House of York and became Henry VII, the founder of the Tudors
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Joan of ArcHundred
Years'War
TheEstatesGeneral
(Fr. Parliament)
Louis XIFrench
King1461-1483
TroubleIn
EarlyFrance
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During the wars, a civil war broke out between the royal families ~ Orleans and Burgundy
Joan of Arc said she heard voices of saints telling her to defend Orléans
French held Orleans
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Burgundian forces captured her and turned her over to the Church as a heretic
She was convicted and burned at the stake in 1431
But, she had helped to create a strong monarchy (Charles VII)
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Created in 1302 by Philip IV (modeled after English Parliament)
Named for the groups that attended the meetings ~ 1st Estate (Clergy), 2nd Estate (Nobles), 3rd Estate (Commoners)
When monarchy was weak, E.G. began to control finances and pass laws, as Monarchy regained power, E.G. lost out, never gained authority to pass taxes
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Ruled from 1461-1483, nicknamed “Universal Spider” because he was skilled at conspiracy and intrigue
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Built an alliance against Duke of Burgundy (Chars. The Bold) and eventually led to his death, then Louis seized this territory
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By 1400, 4 Christian kingdoms had developed in Spain ~ Portugal, Castile, Navarre and Aragon
1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon
Fought the Moors in 1492 and captured Grenada
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In the late 1400s, early 1500s, Isabella and Ferdinand united Castile and Aragon to form a united Spain, then added Navarre
Strong monarchy, strong Catholics
Forced all Jews & Muslims to convert or leave ~ most left (bad idea)---Spanish Inquisition!!!!
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H.R. Emperor lacked control to be a strong nation
Emperor chosen by 7 Electors ~ as a result had no real power (only prestige)
Elections usually included bribery and favor trading
1273 ~ Habsburgs gained power, used prestige to cement marriage alliances and gained much of Austria and nearby lands
Barrier ~ Papal States
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By 1500, three strong nation states had developed in Europe: England, France and Spain
The Holy Roman Empire will exist in one form or another until the 1800s when Germany and Italy will unify
Decline of Feudalism directly gave way to the rise of Patriotism