Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Naming Acids.
-
Upload
simon-cameron -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
2
Transcript of Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Naming Acids.
Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds
Naming Acids
Today’s Plan
#’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74
Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions)
Examples – ◦Li2O = lithium oxide◦AlN = ???
Type I
Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions)
Examples – ◦CuCl = copper (I) chloride◦PbS = ???
Type II
Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has!
For example:◦ FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide)◦ Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide)
◦ SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride)
◦ SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)
Type II – Variable Charge
Covalent compounds with only nonmetals
Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.
Examples – ◦P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide
◦SO = ???
Type III
Number of atoms Prefix
1 mono-
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
Prefixes!
Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary.
If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)
Some TYPE III tips…
1. Name 1st element: nitrogen
2. Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms◦ 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 1 oxygen: mono-
◦nitrogen monoxide
Name NO
1. Name the first element using the element name: boron
2. Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:◦ 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 3 fluorine: tri-
◦boron trifluoride
Name BF3
Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions)
Examples – ◦K2SO4 = potassium sulfate
◦(NH4)2CO3 = ???
Type IV
Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html
Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html
(Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)
Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice!
Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water
First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste
An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.
Acid Naming (our last type!)
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCl1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:
chloride
hydrochloric acid
How do you know it’s an acid?
Acid Naming Rule #1
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…
HCN1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:
cyanidehydrocyanic acid
Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?
More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #1
Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid.
They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.
Remember…
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…H2SO4
2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid
Acid Naming Rule #2
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…HNO2
2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:
-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid
Acid Naming Rule #2
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
Acid Naming Rule #3
perchloric acidchloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
perchloratechloratechlorite
hypochlorite
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClOper - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3
perbromic acidbromic acid
hypobromous acid
bromous acid
perbromatebromatebromite
hypobromite
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrOper - used for anions with one
more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”
Acid Naming Summary
Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4
NO Oxygen
Always:
Hydro[anion root]icacid
CONTAINS Oxygen
What is the key anion? How many oxygens
does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”?
(prefix)[anion root](suffix)
acid
hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid nitric acid, nitrous acid,
hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid