高二 Module 8

Unit 5

Listening,

Speaking and

Reading

Listening,

Speaking and

Reading

1. Listen to the tape and fill the layers in

the “wastepaper basket” diagram

below.

yogurt pots

orange skin

wastepaper

used envelopes

The waste paper basket

Answer key for Exercise 2Method How it works

1. Layers in the ground

Each layer looks different as they are uncovered, so you can tell where one layer starts and another finishes. In the wastepaper basket, the most recent layer is _________, an older layer is below that and the oldest layer is ____________.

at the top

at the bottom

Method How it works

2. Radio- carbon dating

All living things have ______ in their bodies. When they die, the carbon ________________ at a ____ rate. The method measures __________ of carbon in bones or plants using radioactivity and can ________ how old the remains are.

starts to disappearfixed

the amount

work out

carbon

Note: The age of the building depends on the

number of layers it is resting on. The more

layers, the more recent the building.

Answer key for Exercise 3:

The oldest building is B because it

has no layers underneath it.

The second oldest building is C

because it has one layer underneath it.

The most recent building is building

A. It has two layers underneath.

ZH: How can you tell how old the bones

are when you find them?

LISTENING TEXT(P42)

DATING METHODS

Zhou Heping has come to ask the

archaeologist, Richard Leakey, how he

dates the bones he finds.

RL: There are two main ways: the first

uses layers in the ground and the

second uses the radiocarbon

dating.

ZH: How does the layer method work?

RL: Well, many layers of soil were

produced at different times. Each

time people build houses and live

somewhere, they make an occupation

layer. Each has a different color and

texture.

ZH: How does that help?

RL: Look at the diagram in your book.

Think of your wastepaper basket.

When you came into work you threw

the orange skin into it. Later

someone threw their empty yogurt

pots into it. Then some waste paper

was added. Finally someone threw

away some used envelopes. How

many layers are there?

ZH: There are four layers.

RL: Good. Now which layer is the latest?

ZH: Now, let me think! Yes, it'll be the one on the top, which is the used envelopes.

RL: And where's the oldest layer? ZH: At the bottom. RL: Well done. When we find bones in

layers of soil, we know they are the same age as the soil.

ZH: I see.

RL: Now let's think about the second

method.

ZH: I remember. It's called the

radiocarbon dating method. That's a

strange name.

RL: Yes. It uses the radioactivity to

measure the amount of carbon in

living things. The carbon in a dead

body disappears at a fixed rate. We

know how long this takes, so we

can measure the amount of carbon

and work out how old a bone or

plant is.

ZH: That's very clever. Is it very

accurate too?

RL: There are some problems, so you

are always given a date plus or minus

some years. For example, your bone

may be dated to 10,000 years ago

plus or minus 100 years. This means

the bone is between 9,900 years and

10,100 years old.

ZH: How clever! How old are the bones

from the Zhoukoudian Caves?

RL: They are between 250,000 and

40,000 years old.

ZH: Perhaps we can go and visit the site

together sometime?

RL: Of course. Whenever you like!

Answer the following questions after reading the text:

1. Which jobs did Dahu do?

2. Which jobs did Lala do?

3. Who works cooperatively and who

does tasks alone?

4. Who does the most dangerous tasks?

5. Where does the danger come from?

Reading and speaking

Reading and speaking

北 京 人▲ 北京猿人的化石首次发现于 1927 年▲ 1929 年 12 月 2 日发现第一个完整的头盖骨▲ 到 1937 年已发现的北京人的头盖骨共 5 个。▲ 1941 年 12 月太平洋战争爆发后 , 在几个美 国人手里弄得下落不明。▲ 1966 年又发现一个残破的头盖骨。▲ 总共发现了属于 40 多个个体的北京人化 石。时间距今约七十万年至二十万年。

北京猿人的特征● 能够制造和使用劳动工具● 能使用天然火● 摆脱了杂交的婚姻形态● 生活艰苦，寿命比较短暂

北京人头盖骨化石

北京猿人复原图

北京人使用过的石器

北京人石器制作法

北京人生活想象图

山顶洞人▲ 距今时间： 18000 年前▲ 地点 : 北京周口店龙骨山山顶洞穴▲ 体形 : 同现代人大体一样，脑容量： 1300——1500 毫升▲ 生产和生活： 开始采用磨制和钻孔技术制造石器、骨 器制造骨针 , 缝制兽皮衣服产生了原始 宗教仪式过着氏族公社的生活

山 顶 洞

人

头

骨

山顶洞人

1933 年北京市房山县周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土。

骨针长 8.2 厘米，孔径 0.31-0.33 厘米。这是中国已发现的时代最早

的骨针之一，其针身保存完好，针孔处破裂，针尖锐利，表面有刮磨痕迹。针孔是用尖状器刮挖而成。

山顶洞人的生活用具山顶洞人的生活用具————骨针骨针

Sample answers to above questions:

1. catch fish, repair stone tools,

make scrapers and axe-heads.

2. collect fruit and nuts, prepare food.

3. Both men and women work

cooperatively. For example, Lala's

mother and aunts were preparing the

meat of deer and pig over the fire. Men

do tasks alone.

4. Men do the most dangerous tasks.

5. The danger comes from the wild

animals.

Answer key for Exercise 2Men’s tasks Women’s tasks

1. Making and repairing tools2. Fishing3. Cutting down trees4. Hunting animals

5. Protecting the group from harm

1. Collecting nuts, fruit and water2. Cutting up meat and fish for cooking

3. Preparing skins to make clothes4. Preparing food

5. Looking after children

Answer key for Exercise 3 Men’s tasks: patient (tool making),

dangerous (hunting), some

individual (tool making and

repairing) and some co-

operative (hunting), skilful

(tool making), protective (of

group)

Women’s tasks: affectionate (to group),

co-operative (cooking),

caring (providing food),

patient (collecting

food), skilful (cooking),

individual (collecting

nuts and fruit)

Co-operative tasks: Individual tasks:

Most dangerous tasks:

men hunting animals; women doing cooking and preparing food

men making or repairing tools; women collecting fruit and nuts

men hunting animals

Answer key for Exercise 4

Where the danger comes from:

Sharing of tasks: men and women had

clearly divided tasks:

fire and collecting

nuts needed to be

done every day but

killing animals would

wild animals living

near the caves

only be done now and then. So

the women's tasks were

continuous and the men's tasks

were more periodic.

Words and expressionsWords and expressions 1. If only it could be just like last year.

要是能像去年那样就好了 !

If only 但愿 ......; 要是……就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。 If only she had looked ahead and planned

better.

If only he had come ．

v. to express approval of

(someone or something) especially by

such clapping. 赞赏 , 鼓掌向 ( 某人或某物 )

表示赞赏 , 尤指鼓掌欢呼 Everyone applauded when the play

ended.

演出结束时 , 大家都热烈鼓掌。 I applaud your decision.

我赞成你的决定。

2. applaud:

3. accelerate

a. to increase the speed of

加速 , 促进加快… ... 的速度 这部新车加速效能良好。 The new car has good acceleration.

b. to cause to happen earlier ( 正式 ) 催促

他决定加快他的课程进度。 He decided to accelerate his courses.

to capture and hold briefly (the

attention, for example); engage 引起注意吸引并短时间吸引住 ( 如注意力 ) ; 吸引

花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。 The bright colors of the flowers

arrested Susan’s attention.

4. arrest:

having a whirling sensation and

a tendency to fall 眩晕的 , 眼花的感到眩晕并要摔倒的

a dizzy height 令人晕眩的高度 The old woman was dizzied by the

strong wind.

那位老太太被风吹得头昏眼花。 The disaster dizzied his brain.

那场灾难弄得他头脑昏乱。

5. dizzy:

6. relief 解脱的感觉 I felt great relief when I heard I had

passed the examination.

听说我已经通过了考试 , 感到轻松多了。

1. The ____ house smells as if it hasn’t

been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little

Practice adjectives:

2. John Smith, a successful bus

businessman, has a _____car.

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German Large white

3. This ____ girl is Linda’s cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish Little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

4. ____ students are required to take

part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

多个形容词顺序巧记： 一座漂亮的旧石桥 a fine old strong bridge

一些酸绿的食用苹果 some sour green eating apples

口诀顺序：冠、代、数、形（形状、性质）、大（大小、长短）、新（新旧）、色（颜色）、国（国家、产地）、材（材料、用途）、名（名词）

What surprised him most happened

____ Sunday morning.

A. in a cold rainy

B. on a cold rainy

C. in a rainy cold

D. on a rainy cold

Practice using two or more adjectives

to describe the Sanxingdui Ruins objects

on page 44.

Homework