“ Mobility Matters:” Migration Essentials Graduate Institute of International and Development...
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Transcript of “ Mobility Matters:” Migration Essentials Graduate Institute of International and Development...
“Mobility Matters:” Migration Essentials
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
Gervais Appave
Geneva
1 December 2009
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Part and consequence of globalization
Characteristic, defining feature of present-day world
1. Human mobility
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Choice
Model of economic development
Growth
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Mobility
Goods
ServicesCapital
Globalization – generates mobility
States have freed capital, goods, services
Made a decision for greater mobility
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People will follow
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more diverse and more inter-related than in the past
- Short-term, or long-term - Uni-directional or circular
- Internal or international - Regular or irregular
2. Patterns of contemporary mobility:
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Particularly for low and semi-skilled workers
Opportunities to move are frequently limited
People seek to move for variety of reasons: personal, family social, business or work (or combination of)
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Highly Skilled Migration
Family Migration
Internal Migration
Tourism
Irregular Migration
Study Abroad
Realms of mobility
10-15%*of total flows
*ILO Estimates
Low and Semi-skilled
Migration
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Realms of mobility
Mobility Categories
No Fixed Boundaries
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Highly Skilled Migration
Family Migration
Internal Migration
Tourism
Irregular Migration
Study Abroad
3. Centrality of WorkLow and
Semi-Skilled Migration
Work
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4. Labour market dynamics increasingly operating across international borders:
Interconnectedness/Interdependence
More countries having entered or entering world economy
Workforce more integrated into the world economy
Markets more open to international trade and capital flows
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- Resort to global sourcing of services
- International network of enterprises
- Global assembly lines for production of goods
- Creates demand for increased labour mobility
Globalization changes the way enterprises do business
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5. Required: planned and predictable ways of matching demand and supply
- Short-term, circular, long-term or permanent labour mobility
Policies and procedures: flexible and adaptable
Phenomena being dealt with: international in nature
Policies and instruments: more national/ regional in scope
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Policies of countries of origin and destination need to be complementary and mutually supportive
- Employers, recruitment agencies, trade unions, migrant and diaspora associations, Inter-governmental organizations
Cooperative approaches to human resource development to meet national, regional and global objectives
Participation of non-state stakeholders
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Labour Migration: Key Aspect of Human Mobility and Global Economy
Pre-eminence of asylum and irregular migration on policy agendas
Focus on protection and humanitarian assistance
But recent shift in policy perspectives
Realization that tackling isolated migration issues such as integration or return not very effective
Economic impact of labour migration on countries of origin through remittance flows
Previously (i.e. last 3 decades of the 20th century)
Little space for comprehensive migration management
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Mobility Matters
Opportunity to forge new vision and more collaborative approaches
May offer tools to address current economic crisis
Integral part of the global economy
Isolationism, restrictive policies:
Not very efficient
Calls for new policy paradigms for the management of integration