Minerals-Nutrients needed in small amounts to perform various functions in the body. ...
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Transcript of Minerals-Nutrients needed in small amounts to perform various functions in the body. ...
MINERALS
Definitions to Know
Minerals-Nutrients needed in small amounts to perform various functions in the body.
Macromineral-Minerals required in the diet in amounts of 100 milligrams or more.
Micromineral-Minerals required in amounts less than 100 milligrams.
Osteoporosis-Condition that causes bones to become fragile due to loss of calcium.
Menopause-Time of life when menstruation ends due to a decrease in hormones.
Definitions to Know (continued)
Amenorrhea-Stop having menstrual periods very common to females who have eating disorders.
Osmosis-Helps equalize the concentration of mineral particles on each side of the membrane.
PH-Express the measure of a substances acidity or alkalinity.
Acid-Compounds that have a ph lower than 7 are acidic and are called acids.
Base-compounds that have a ph greater than 7 are alkalis or bases
Definitions to Know (continued)
Hemoglobin-Protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body.
Myoglobin-This protein carries oxygen and carbon dioxide in muscle tissue.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia-Decrease of blood cells means the decrease of oxygen carried to body tissues
Cofactor-A substance that acts with enzymes to increase enzyme activity.
Definitions to Know (continued)
Thyroxine-This hormone helps control your body's metabolism
Goiter-When iodine levels are low the thyroid gland works harder to produce this hormone this causes a enlargement in the thyroid gland which is called a goiter.
Cretinism-when a woman has iodine deficiency during pregnancy and the development of the fetus may be impaired.
Fluorosis-when teeth develop a spotty discoloration
How minerals are classified
At least 16 minerals are known to be Important to your diet
Classified into two groups Macro minerals AKA major minerals,
need 100 or more mg a day Micro Minerals AKA trace minerals, need
100 mg or less a day
Examples of micro and macro
Macro Minerals- calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, chlorine
Micro Minerals- iron, zinc, iodine, fluoride, selenium, copper, chromium, manganese, molybdenum
Effects of both
Help enzymes complete chemical reactions
Become part of body components Aiding normal nerve functions and
muscle contractions Promoting growth Regulating acid base in the body Maintaining body fluid balance
Calcium
Calcium is the most found mineral in the body.
Most of the calcium found in our body is sorted in the bones.
For ages 14-18 1300 milligrams per day is needed and after 19 the recommended amount is 1000 milligrams per day.
A great source of calcium is milk. If you don’t get the recommended
amount of calcium per day your bones will weaken and become easy to breake.
Calcium
Cells get the calcium they need from a supply in the blood and your life depends on normal calcium levels at all times.
As you get older calcium is needed in more greater levels to support the body.
Phosphorus
Works with calcium to form strong bones, helps maintain acid- base balance, part of ATP
RDA for phosphorus for men and women 14-18 is 1,250 mgs
It is found in milk, cheese, meats, legumes, and eggs
There are no phosphorus deficiencies, but too much can hinder calcium
Magnesium
Makes the enzymes active, activates ATP which releases energy, helps heart, lung, nerves function properly
RDA for magnesium is 360 mg Leaf green vegetables, potatoes, and
seafood Magnesium deficiencies are weakness,
heart irregularities, disorientation, and seizures
Sulfur
In every cell in your body mostly concentrated in hair skin and nails
It’s a part of protein also vitamins helps maintain a normal acid base balance it helps your liver change toxins to harmless substances.
There really isn't a RDA for sulfur you get it from high protein foods and good sources of thiamin and biotin
There really is no danger or toxicity with sulfur.
Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
Grouped together because they work as a team
Sodium is found in the fluid outside the cells, potassium is found within the cells, and chloride is both
Without the drinking of fluids then they cannot function properly which leads to heart failure
Helps regulate the pH in the body RDA – sodium- 500mg, Chloride- 750,
potassium- 2,000
Continued..
Sodium deficiencies are muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting. Death perhaps may occur
Too much sodium can expand the blood to stretch out arteries which leads to a heart attack or stroke
Too little potassium can cause muscle cramps and loss of appetite and confusion
Chloride deficiencies are very rare because it is co dependent on the both.
Iron
You have around 1 teaspoon of iron in your body
Most of the iron found in your body is in your blood a protein containing iron is myoglobin it carries oxygen and carbon dioxide in your muscle tissue
The RDA for ages 14 through 18 is 11 milligrams per day around age 19 you usually stop growing and the RDA turns to 8 mg daily
Continued…
Iron deficiency anemia this is the most common type of anemia found worldwide this is when your blood cells have lost the ability to carry oxygen because the loss of iron
Zinc
Aids in body growth and sexual development Healing of wounds, storage of insulin, helps
with metabolism, resistance of infections RDA- 9 mgs Seafood, red meats, proteins Zinc deficiencies will hinder a child’s growth
and sexual development Too little- loss of appetite, decreased smell
and taste Too much- Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting,
impaired immune system
Iodine
When women don’t have enough iodine there children have a bigger chance of mental retardation
Most of the iodine in your body is concentrated on your thyroid gland the thyroid gland makes thyroxine which plays a big part in your metabolic functions
The RDA for iodine is 150 micrograms per day for most people more than 14 but the united states usually consume more
Iodine Deficiency usually happens when your thyroid gland has trouble producing hormones and the thyroid gland swells up.
Fluoride
Important for strong healthy bones and teeth
AL for fluoride 3-4 mgs a day Seafood, seaweed, tea are only foods
with fluoride in it. But it is also found in water
It isn't harmful
Selenium
Works with antioxidant capacity Antioxidants help with reducing risk for
cancer RDA- 50 mgs Meats, eggs, fish, shellfish Deficiencies are heart disease, too much
can cause hair loss and nerve damage
Mineral Absorption and availability
Most of the minerals your body takes in don’t even get used.
Most of the minerals took in are through the small intestine.
Some minerals can interfere with the absorption of other minerals.
If you have high fiber diet it decreases the amount of minerals absorbed by your body.
Drugs and caffeine also interfere with the absorption of minerals more than most interferes
Conserving minerals in food during cooking
If you cook your foods or wash them they lose some of the minerals that they had so avoid soaking foods.