الرحيم الرحمن الله بسمMedical mycology

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Examples of Mycoses

Aspergillosis• Aspergillosis is the name of a range of infections caused

by a fungal mould called aspergillus. It usually affects the lungs, but it can spread to almost anywhere in the body.

• Aspergillosis usually only affects people with existing health conditions. Most healthy people have natural immunity to the aspergillus mould. If someone with damaged lungs or a weakened immune system breathes in aspergillus spores, the infection is more likely to stay.

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•Types of aspergillosis•There are several forms of aspergillosis: •allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis •aspergilloma •invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

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•is caused by an allergic reaction to spores of fungus mould. It is the mildest form of aspergillosis.

•ABPA usually affects people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. It is estimated to affect 0.25–0.8% of

people with mild to moderate asthma, and 7% of people with cystic fibrosis.

•ABPA affects an estimated 7–10% of people with more severe asthma that can only be controlled

with steroid medication.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

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Symptoms

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, include:- Fever -A cough that may bring up blood-Worsening asthma

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allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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Aspergilloma

•Aspergilloma is common in people who have cystic fibrosis or cavities (spaces) in their lungs. Coughing up blood is one of the most common symptoms of

aspergilloma .•Aspergillus fungi enter the lungs and group together

to form a dense knot of fungi, called a fungal ball.•Aspergilloma usually only affects people who have

an existing lung condition, such as tuberculosis (TB), which means that they have cavities or damage in

their lungs.

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Symptoms

Aspergilloma-Coughing up blood - breathlessness - weight loss - Fatigue

Aspergilloma

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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)

•IPA is a fungal infection in the lungs that spreads rapidly through the body. The infection can

spread to the blood, brain, heart and kidneys.•IPA usually only affects people with a severely

weakened immune system, such as:•people with end-stage HIV •people undergoing high-dose chemotherapy •people taking immunosuppressants because they

have had an organ or bone marrow transplant

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Symptoms

invasive aspergillosis can cause:-coughing up blood - breathlessness - chest pain-headaches - Severe bleeding from lungs- Fever

invasive aspergillosis

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• Aspergillus fumigatus• A. flavus• A. nige• A. nidulans• A. terreus

The most common cause is.

Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus

A. niger

A. niger

A. flavus

A. flavus

Diagnosis chest X-ray :CT scan

•Galactomannan (a molecule from the fungus that is sometimes found in the blood)

•Immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood level•Lung function tests•Sputum stain and culture for Aspergillus•Tissue biopsy.

Treatments

•How is aspergillosis treated?•Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is usually treated with steroid

medications to prevent an allergic response. However, if ABPA reoccurs, a long-term course of steroids may be required.

- aspergilloma can be treated with antifungal medications. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove the infection from the lungs.

- Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can be treated with antifungal medication, although it is difficult to treat. The infection can spread very quickly, and someone who develops IPA is usually already very ill. An estimated 50% of people do not respond to treatment and die from the condition

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