U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey Compiled by Mark J. Pawlewicz1, Douglas W. Steinshouer3 and Donald L. Gautier2

Open File Report 97-470I

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

1 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 939, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 2 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025 3 Contractor to the U.S.G.S., MS 939, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225

Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. End users are permitted to use these data for their own internal use, including any derivative work, but are prohibited from using and redistributing these data individually or in a derivative work to third parties. Portions covering the geology of Europe and Turkey contain intellectual property of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ©1971.

U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-470I

Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Data Processing Steps

Primary References

Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey, Sorted by Province Name

Index Map of Europe including Turkey

Explanation of Geologic Age Units

Map Showing Geologic Provinces, and Oil and Gas Fields of Europe including Turkey

Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Charts Depicting Petroleum Resource Endowment of Geologic Provinces in Europe including Turkey Assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Team.

PREFACE

This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy Project of the U.S.Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the Project's effort in the European Regionshould be addressed to:

Donald L. Gautier (Coordinator, European region)U.S. Geological Survey345 Middlefield Road, MS 975Menlo Park, CA 94025Tel: (650) 329-4909Email: gautier@usgs.gov

Inquiries about the World Energy Project's efforts in the Turkey region should be directed to:Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, Middle East and North Africa region)U.S. Geological SurveyBox 25046Denver Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225Tel: (303) 236-5776Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov

Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should be directed to:Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project)U.S. Geological SurveyBox 25046Denver Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225Tel: (303) 236-5776

The authors of the CD were responsible for the following aspects of producing the maps:

Compilation of geologic outcrops: Mark J. Pawlewicz and Douglas W. SteinshouerAttribution of geologic outcrops: Mark J. Pawlewicz and Douglas W. SteinshouerDesignation of geologic provinces:Donald L. Gautier, Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, Gordon L. Dolton and Mark J. PawlewiczGIS input and manipulation:Douglas W. Steinshouer and Mark J. PawlewiczMap layout design: Douglas W. SteinshouerCD-ROM implementation and design: Douglas W. Steinshouer and Kenneth I. TakahashiMetadata: Douglas W. SteinshouerCoordination: Donald L. Gautier

INTRODUCTION

This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of Europe including Turkey. The maps are part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. Europe (Region 4) includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and Vatican. The depicted portion of Region 2 includes Turkey. Each region is divided into geologic provinces. Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the predominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Some provinces include multiple genetically-related basins. Geologic province boundaries are delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions. The code of those provinces that lie entirely within Europe begin with the number 4 and those provinces that lie entirely within Turkey begin with the number 2. The code of those provinces that lie partly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union (Persits and others 1998) or a 2, for Middle East and North Africa (Pollastro , 1998; Persits and others, 1997). The centerpoint locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants International Data Corp. (1996) database with permission. Selected provinces are currently being investigated, by Total Petroleum System analysis, and assessments are being made of the undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of these provinces. Klett and others (1997) discuss the worldwide geologic provinces and their relative ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume. Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the metadata files on this CD-ROM. Some stratigraphic units are combined to simplify the map and to ensure consistency across the region. All rocks are colored by age. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are identified with fill patterns and colors. These maps are compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are taken, with permission from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3M digital coverage; they have no political significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of ESRI. (© 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)

DATA PROCESSING STEPS

The maps on this CD were digitally compiled and abstracted from: International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region/ Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions riveraines de la Mediterranee, 1971 H. -R. von Gaertner UNESCO, Commission for Geological Map of the World, (UNESCO/CGMW)Scale 1:5,000,000 2 sheets http://www.unesco.org/general/eng/index.html

The following process steps were taken:

1. UNESCO/CGMW source map sheets were scanned, registered and rectified using ESRI Arcworld 1:3M shorelines as reference.

2. Using scanned map images as a backdrop, geologic contacts and faults were digitized, and geologic age polygon labels were attributed in Arc/INFO arcedit using an AML menu interface.

3. The map sheets were produced using Arcmap. The Adobe Portable Document Format was created using the Acrobat Distiller print option in Arcmap.

4. The ArcExplorer and Arcview projects were created with shapefiles produced from the Arc/INFO coverages. Avenue scripts were written to customize the Arcview project for ease of use and maximum performance with large data sets.

PRIMARY REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000.

Gaertner, H. -R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S., and Voss, H.-H., 1971, International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region/ Carte Geologique de l'Europe et des regions riveraines de la Mediterranee: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Commission for Geological Map of the World (CGMW), 2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000.

Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of World's Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM.

Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial province ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs.

Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996, Petroleum exploration and production database: Petroconsultants International Data Corp.

U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000-Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs.

Provinces assigned to Europe including Turkey, sorted by name

Adana/SivasAdriatic BasinAegeanAlentejo-Guadalquivir BasinAlpsAndaluciaAnglo-Dutch BasinAnglo-Paris BasinApulia PlatformAquitaine BasinAraksArmoriciaBaltic DepressionBaltic Shield-Norwegian CaledonidesBarents Continental SlopeBetic ZoneBohemiaBresse DepressionCarpathian-Balkanian BasinCorsican-Sardinian BasinsCreteDinaric AlpsDobrogean OrogenFaeroes-Shetland-Orkney BasinFennoscandian Border-Danish-Polish MarginGalician BasinGerman-Polish BasinHammerfest-Varanger BasinHatton-Rockall BasinHorda-Norwegian-Danish BasinIberian MassifIberic CordilleraIreland-Scotland PlatformIrish Sea

2079 4058 4075 4077 4051 4088 4036 4040 4059 4045 2080 4041 4021 4016 4013 4078 4046 4054 4061 4067 4076 4071 4063 4019 4022 4073 4033 4015 4020 4023 4072 4083 4026 4030

Jura 4052 Kardiff/Menders Massif 2084 Lesser Caucasus 2081 Lion-Camargue 4056 London-Brabant Platform 4037 Lusitanian Basin 4074 Massif Central 4043 Midland Valley-Forth Approaches Basin 4027 Mid-North Sea High 4028 Molasse Basin 4049 Munsterland Basin 4038 North Carpathian Basin 4047 North Sea Graben 4025 Northwest German Basin 4035 Pannonian Basin 4048 Po Basin 4060 Provence Basin 4068 Pyrenean Foothills-Ebro Basin 4044 Rhine Graben 4055 Sicily 4066 Southwest German Basin 4039 Spanish Trough-Cantabrian Zone 4070 Tajo-Duero Basin 4082 Thrace/Samsun 2085 Trans-graben 4053 Transylvania 4057 Troms-Bjornoya Basin 4014 Tuscany-Latium-Paola 4062 Tuz/Corum 2083 Tyrrhenian Basin 4069 Vestford-Helgeland 4017 West Black Sea Basin 4064

Provinces assigned to other regions, sorted by name

Belorussian-Voronezh High 1004 Black Sea Continental Slope 1107 Dobrogea Foreland 1103 Euphrates/Mardin 2075 Haleb 2076 Kola Monocline-Finnmark Platform 1051 Mediterranean Basin 2070 Pelagian Basin 2048 Rif Basin 2072 Russian Craton Margin 1011 Ukrainian Shield 1013 Zagros Fold Belt 2030 Zagros Thrust Zone 2031

P rojection: R obinson

Index map of the area depicted in Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including Turkey

Europe and Turkey

� ������

EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS AND SYMBOLS

SEDIMENTARY ROCK UNITS

� Undivided Quaternary � Neogene

� Undivided Tertiary � Paleogene

�� Tertiary-Cretaceous � Cretaceous

�� Cretaceous-Jurassic � Jurassic

�� Jurassic-Triassic � Triassic

�� Triassic-Permian � Permian

� Carboniferous �� Carboniferous-Devonian

� Devonian �� Devonian-Silurian

� Silurian �� Silurian-Ordovician

� Ordovician �� Ordovician-Cambrian

� Cambrian

IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK UNITS

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

� Quaternary volcanic rocks

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

� Tertiary volcanic rocks

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

Undifferentiated volcanic rocks

� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

Undifferentiated intrusive rocks

Amphibolites of undetermined age

OTHER MAP UNITS

Water less than 200 meters in depth

Water between 200 and 1000 meters in depth

Water between 1000 and 3000 meters in depth

Water between 3000 and 5000 meters in depth

Water greater than 5000 meters in depth

Glacial ice

� Undivided Cenozoic

� Undivided Mesozoic Mesozoic-Paleozoic

�� Upper Paleozoic

� Undivided Paleozoic

Lower �� Paleozoic

��

�� Paleozoic-Precambrian � Undivided Precambrian

(Sedimentary and metamorphic Precambrian rocks are not differentiated)

Cenozoic volcanic rocks V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

�

Pz

Geologic province boundary province code indicated by red numeral

Mesozoic volcanic rocks

Mesozoic intrusive rocks

Mesozoic metamorphic rocks

Paleozoic volcanic rocks

Paleozoic intrusive rocks

Paleozoic metamorphic rocks

Precambrian volcanic rocks

Precambrian intrusive rocks

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

�

� �

� �

� �

�

�

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V

�

�

� �

� �

� �

�

�

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V

�

�

� �

� �

�

�

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � � �

Cenozoic-Mesozoic intrusive rocks Cenozoic-Mesozoic volcanic rocks

� �

� �

� �

��

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

V V V V V V

��

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

Mesozoic-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks

��

Paleozoic-Precambrian metamorphic rocks

��

Political boundaryUnmapped area Geologic contact

Fault � Selected capital or major city

Inferred fault Line of latitude or longitude,Oil field center point two degree interval Gas field centerpoint

� � � � � Thrust fault

� � � � Inferred thrust fault

200Bathymetric depth contour depth in meters indicated by blue numeral

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

INTERIOR - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - DENVER, CO - 2002Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic with Two Standard Parallels at 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North LatitudeCentral Meridian: 12 degrees East Longitude

OPEN FILE REPORT 97-470I

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Projection: Robinson

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5029

5200

4019Faroes-Shetland-Orkneys Basin

4020Hatton-Rockall Basin

4027

Midland Valley-Forth Approaches Basin

4025North Sea Graben

4017

4013Barents

Continental Slope

4014Troms-

BjornoyaBasin

4015

Hammerfest-Varanger Basin

1051

1051

Kola Monocline-Finnmark Platform

4016

4016

Vestford-Helgeland

4016

4016

4021Baltic Depression

1004Belorussian-Voronezh High

1012Poles Saddle

1011RussianCratonMargin

4047 North CarpathianBasin

4022 Fennoscandian Border-Danish-Polish Margin4033 German-Polish Basin

4023Horda-Norwegian-Danish

Basin

4035Northwest German

Basin

4036

Anglo-DutchBasin

4037London-Brabant

Platform

4028Mid-North Sea High

4030Irish Sea

4026Ireland-Scotland Platform

4041Armoricia

4040Anglo-Paris Basin

4053

Tra

ns-g

rabe

n40

55

4039Southwest German

Basin

4052

Jur

a

4054

Bre

sse

Dep

ress

ion

4049

Molasse Basin

4045Aquitaine Basin

4044Pyrenean Foothills-Ebro Basin

4083Iberic Cordillera

4070

Spanish Trough-Cantabrian Zone

4073Galician Basin

4072Iberian Massif

4074Lusitanian Basin

4077Alentejo-

GuadalquivirBasin

2063RabatBasin

4088Andalucia

4078Betic Zone

4082Tajo-Duero Basin

2072Rif Basin

4068Provence Basin

4067

Corsican-Sardinian

Basins

4043Massif Central

4056Lion-Carmargue

4051Alps

4051Alps

4051Alps

4060

PoBasin

4062 Tuscany-Latium-Paola

4066Sicily

4069Tyrrhenian

Basin

4046Bohemia

4048

PannonianBasin

4058Adriatic Basin

4059 Apulia Platform

2070Mediterranean Basin

4071Dinaric Alps

4075Aegean

4076Crete

2070Mediterranean Basin

2079Adana/Sivas

2076Haleb

2075Euphrates/Mardin

2031

Zagros Thrust Zone

2031

2030Zagros Fold Belt

2083Tuz/Corum

2081Lesser

Caucasus

2081Lesser

Caucasus

2085 Thrace/Samsun

2084Kardiff/Menders Massif

2060Araks

1107

Black SeaContinental Slope1107

Black SeaContinental Slope

4064

West Black Sea Basin

4063

1103

4061Carpathian-Balkanian

Basin

4057

Transylvania

1013Ukrainian Shield

4038

4016Baltic Shield-Norwegian Caledonides

2048Pelagian Basin

Iceland

Norway

Sweden

Finland

Poland

Germany

Czech Republic

Belgium

Netherlands

Luxembourg

United Kingdom

Ireland

France

Andorra

Spain

Portugal

Italy

Switzerland

Austria

Slovenia

Croatia

Bosnia and

Herzegovina

Hungary

SerbiaMontenegro

Albania

Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia

Bulgaria

Romania

Slovakia

Greece

Turkey

Cyprus

Malta

Denmark

0 100 200 300 400 500 Miles

0 100 200 300 400 500 Kilometers

SCALE 1:5,000,000

EXPLANATION

Oil field center point

Gas field center point

Geologic province boundary,province code indicated by red numeral

Political boundary

Selected capital or major city

Line of latitude or longitude,two degree interval

Geologic province assessed in

U.S. Geological Survey World Assessment 2000

ABOUT THIS MAP

This digitally compiled map is part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey’s World Energy Project.

The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world. For data management purposes,

the world was divided into eight energy regions based on political boundaries and corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the

world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. This map covers Europe including Turkey, and includes Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium,

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and Vatican City.

(See index map below.)

The region is divided into geologic provinces (Klett and others, 1997). Each province has a set of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from

surrounding provinces. These characteristics may include the dominant lithologies, the age of the strata, and the structural style. Offshore province

boundaries are generally defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number. Because geologic trends are

independent of political boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions and two or more countries. The code numbers of those provinces that lie

entirely within Europe begin with the number 4. The codes numbers of those provinces that lie within Turkey or the Eastern Mediterranean region

begin with the number 2. The code numbers of those provinces that lie parly within another region may start with a 1, for the Former Soviet Union,

or a 2 for the Middle East and North Africa. All the provinces are listed in Klett and others (1997). Iceland is not included in any geologic province

defined by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Details of the data sources and map compilations are given in the metadata files on the CD-ROM and in the list of References. The center point

locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the locations in the Petroconsultants database (1996) and are used with their pemission.

This map is compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) Arc/INFO software.

Political boundaries and cartographic representations on this map are taken, with permission, from ESRI (1992), they have no political

significance and are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database covering the coastlines and country boundaries contain

intellectual property of Envirionmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), copyright (C) 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research

Institute, Inc. all rights reserved.

REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000, CD-ROM.

Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of the World’s Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Volumes,U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM.

Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W. and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial provinces ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World EnergyAssessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 - Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital DataSeries DDS 60, four CD-ROMs.

Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996, Petroleum Exploration and Production Database: Petroconsultants International Data Corp.

US. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: U.S. Geological SurveyDigital Data Series DDS60, four CD-ROMs,also available on the worldwide web at http://greenwood.cr. usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/DDS-60.

Europeincluding

Turkey

This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed

for U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and nomenclature.

Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

Istanbul

Nicosia

Athens

Tirane

Skopje

Sofia

Podgorica

Belgrade

Bucharest

Budapest

BratislavaVienna

ZagrebLjubljana

Rome

Monaco

Valetta

Lisbon

Madrid

Andorra la Vella

Marseilles

Milan

Berne

Munich

Prague

Warsaw

Berlin

Copenhagen

Helsinki

Stockholm

Oslo

Amsterdam

Bonn

Brussels

Paris

London

Cardiff

Dublin

Belfast

Edinburgh

Reykjavik

o o o o

o

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.

INTERIOR - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - DENVER, CO - 2002Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic with Two Standard Parallels at 30 degrees North and 60 degrees North LatitudeCentral Meridian: 12 degrees East Longitude

OPEN FILE REPORT 97-470I

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Svalbard

EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS AND SYMBOLS

IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK UNITS

Selected capital or major cityFault

Inferred fault

Thrust fault

Inferred thrust fault

Political boundary

REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1992, Arcworld Digital Map of the World: ESRI, scales 1:3,000,000 and 1:25,000,000, CD-ROM.

Gaertner, H.-R. v., Walther, H.W., Weber, H.S., and Voss, H.-H., 1971, The International Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Region; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CMGW), 2 sheets, scale 1:5,000,000.

Klett, T.J., Ahlbrandt, T.S., and Dolton, D.L., 1997, Ranking of the World's Oil and Gas Provinces by Known Petroleum Values,U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463, one CD-ROM.

Klett, T.J., Schmoker, J.W., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2000, Assessment hierarchy and initial province ranking: in U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 Description and Results: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs.

Petroconsultants International Data Corp. 1996, Petroleum Exploration and Production Database: Petroconsultants International Data Corp.

U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS 60, 4 CD-ROMs, also available on the world wide web at http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/DDS-60.

Reykjavik

Dublin

Belfast

Edinburgh

CardiffLondon

Lisbon

MadridBarcelona

Bordeaux

Marseilles

Paris

Brussels

Amsterdam

Bonn

Berlin

Copenhagen

Oslo

Stockholm

Helsinki

Warsaw

Prague

Bratislava

Budapest

ViennaMunich

Berne

Milan

Rome

LjubljanaZagreb

Sarajevo

Podgorica

Tirane

Skopje

Belgrade Bucharest

Sofia

Athens

Istanbul

Ankara

Atlantic Ocean

NorthSea

Baltic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea200

1000

200

1000

200

200

1000

200

10003000

200

200

20

0

1000

1000

1000

200

1000

200

1000

200

1000

3000

3000

2001000

3000

5000

200

100030

00

5000

200

1000

3000

200

1000

200

1000

2001000

200

1000200

3000

200

1000

200

1000

3000

200

1000

200

1000300 0

200

1000

30 00

200

1000

Adriatic Sea

Tyrrhenian Sea

200

Barents Sea

OTHER MAP UNITS

SEDIMENTARY ROCK UNITS

Andorra la Vella

Monaco

Luxembourg

Valletta

Nicosia

0 100 200 300 400 500 Miles

0 100 200 300 400 500 Kilometers

SCALE 1:5,000,000

1051

Glacial ice

Unmapped area

Water greater than 5000 meters in depth

Water between 200 and 1000 meters in depth

Water less than 200 meters in depth

Water between 1000 and 3000 meters in depth

Water between 3000 and 5000 meters in depth

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o o oo o o o o o o o o

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o

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5209

5200

4020

4019

4025

4027

4028

4030

4026

4037

4040

4036

4035

4041

4045

4044

4083

4070

4082

4073

4074

4077

2063

2072

4088

4078

4056

4054

4052

4039

4053

4055

4049

4060

4051

40624067

4068

4069

40662070

4059

4058

4051

4048

40474046

4023

4017

4016

4016

4016

4021

4022

4033

10111012

1004

1013

1103

4063

4061

4064

4057

4051

4071

4076

40752084

2085

1107

1107

2081

2083

2079

2076

2075

2079

2081

2080

2031

2030

2081

2080

2081

4016

4013

4014

4015

1051

4016

2048

Upper Paleozoic

Lower Paleozoic

Undivided Quaternary

Undivided Tertiary

Tertiary-Cretaceous

Cretaceous-Jurassic

Jurassic-Triassic

Triassic-Permian

Carboniferous-Devonian

Devonian-Silurian

Silurian-Ordovician

Ordovician-Cambrian

Undivided Cenozoic

Undivided Mesozoic

Undivided Paleozoic

(Sedimentary and metamorphicPrecambrian rocks are not differentiated)

Undivided Precambrian

Mesozoic-Paleozoic

Paleozoic-Precambrian

Neogene

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Carboniferous

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

Paleogene

Geologic province boundary,province code as red numeral

Line of latitude or longitude,two degree interval

Bathymetric depth contour,depth in meters as blue numeral

200

Oil field center point

Gas field centerpoint

Undifferentiated volcanic rocks

Undifferentiated intrusive rocks

Amphibolites of undetermined age

Cenozoic volcanic rocks

Mesozoic volcanic rocks

Mesozoic intrusive rocks

Mesozoic metamorphic rocks

Paleozoic volcanic rocksPz

Cenozoic-Mesozoic intrusive rocksCenozoic-Mesozoic volcanic rocks

Mesozoic-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks

Paleozoic-Precambrian metamorphic rocks

Paleozoic intrusive rocks

Paleozoic metamorphic rocks

Precambrian volcanic rocks

Precambrian intrusive rocks

Map Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of Europe including TurkeyDigitally compiled by Mark J. Pawlewicz, Douglas W. Steinshouer and Donald L. Gautier

2002

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Geographical distribution of the petroleum resource endowment of geologic provinces in Europe including Turkey

Cumulative production is the amount of oil, natural gas, or natural gas liquids produced from the oil and gas fields in each province assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Remaining reserves constitute the sum of proved plus probable reserves of oil, gas, or natural gas liquids present in oil and gas fields within each province. These volumes are from the proprietary Petroconsultants database, current through 1995, (Petroconsultants, 1996) and are presented here with permission. The mean values of undiscovered oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids amounts presented here are aggregated at the geologic province level (U.S. Geological Survey Assessment Team, 2000). Definitions of oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids are those used in the World Petroleum Assessment, 2000. Petroleum is considered to include oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, and is reported on a barrel of oil equivalents (BOE) basis, where 6000 cubic feet of gas equals one barrel equivalent. Oil and natural gas liquids resources are reported in millions of barrels (MMBO and MMBNGL). Natural gas is reported in billions of cubic feet of gas (BCFG).

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0 Mill

ions

of

Bar

rels

of

Oil

Equ

ival

ent

(MM

BO

E)

Undiscovered petroleum

Remaining petroleum reserves

Cumulative petroleum production

Petroleum Endowment

Assessed Geologic Provinces

49035

97753

27810

15270

5007 5761 5475 7002 8854 11188

4017

Ves

tford

-H

elge

land

4025

Nor

th S

ea

Gra

ben

4035

Nor

thw

est

Ger

man

B

asin

4036

Ang

lo-D

utch

B

asin

4047

Nor

th

Car

path

ian

Bas

in 4048

Pan

noni

an

Bas

in 4057

Tra

nsyl

vani

a

4060

Po

Bas

in 4061

Car

path

ian-

Bal

kani

an

Bas

in 4068

Pro

venc

e B

asin

Oil Endowment

Undiscovered oil

Remaining oil reserves

Cumulative oil production

Mill

ions

of

Bar

rels

of

Oil

(MM

BO

)

Assessed Geologic Provinces

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

9199

56993

2336 679 1326 2550 0 706

6921

388

4017

Ves

tford

-H

elge

land

4025

Nor

th S

ea

Gra

ben

4035

Nor

thw

est

Ger

man

B

asin

4036

Ang

lo-D

utch

B

asin

4047

Nor

th

Car

path

ian

Bas

in 4048

Pan

noni

an

Bas

in 4057

Tra

nsyl

vani

a

4060

Po

Bas

in 4061

Car

path

ian-

Bal

kani

an

Bas

in 4068

Pro

venc

e B

asin

Gas Endowment

Undiscovered gas

Remaining gas reserves

Cumulative gas production

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0 Bill

ions

of

Cub

ic F

eet o

f G

as

(BC

F)

Assessed Geologic Provinces

180863 197584

152539

86402

21381 17986 32814 36850

10445

51210

4017

Ves

tford

-H

elge

land

4025

Nor

th S

ea

Gra

ben

4035

Nor

thw

est

Ger

man

B

asin

4036

Ang

lo-D

utch

B

asin

4047

Nor

th

Car

path

ian

Bas

in 4048

Pan

noni

an

Bas

in 4057

Tra

nsyl

vani

a

4060

Po

Bas

in 4061

Car

path

ian-

Bal

kani

an

Bas

in 4068

Pro

venc

e B

asin

1200

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Endowment

Undiscovered NGL

Remaining NGL reserves

Cumulative NGL production

Mill

ions

of

Bar

rels

of

Nat

ural

Gas

Liq

uids

(M

MB

NG

L)

Assessed Geologic Provinces

9692

7830

51 190 118 214 6 154 193

2265

4017

Ves

tford

-H

elge

land

4025

Nor

th S

ea

Gra

ben

4035

Nor

thw

est

Ger

man

B

asin

4036

Ang

lo-D

utch

B

asin

4047

Nor

th

Car

path

ian

Bas

in 4048

Pan

noni

an

Bas

in 4057

Tra

nsyl

vani

a

4060

Po

Bas

in 4061

Car

path

ian-

Bal

kani

an

Bas

in 4068

Pro

venc

e B

asin