Map of Nubia Egypt Names Nubia “Kush” The Geography of Early Nubia helped civilization...
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Transcript of Map of Nubia Egypt Names Nubia “Kush” The Geography of Early Nubia helped civilization...
The Geography of Early Nubia helped
civilization develop there
Kush and Egypt traded, but they also fought
Later Kush became a trading power with a unique culture
Both internal and external factors led to the demise of Kush
Main Ideas of Ancient Kush
Geography of Nubia
• South of Egypt• Situated along the Nile River• Unlike Egypt, they were not dependent upon
the flooding of the Nile for good soil. They enjoyed tropical rainfall all year long.
• Cataracts keep Nubia safe from invaders for some time
Nubia was a land of natural wealth. They had
gold mines, ivory, incense, copper and iron ore.
Nubia – “Land of Gold”
Most people lived in farming villages- Each village had a
leader Like most ancient peoples, Nubians depended on
agriculture for their food Agricultural crops: Yams, beans, rice, onions, papaya,
gourds, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, cotton, and peanuts.
Dressed similar to Egyptians at first (white cotton) , then dressing more like those in the Southern Sahara (colorful cotton)
Daily Life of Common People
Kings, Queens and Nobles lived in riverside
palaces Queens were often more powerful than Kings At first they modeled themselves after
Egyptian Kings & Queens
Daily Life of Kings, Queens &Nobles
At first Kush worships the same gods as the
Egyptians Mummified the dead Built pyramids – similar but were smaller with
flat tops
Ancient Kushite Religion
Kush respected Egyptian culture and traded
with them In the New Kingdom, Egypt felt threatened by
Kush so they conquered Kush in 1500 BC Egypt ruled Kush for about 450 years (until the
end of the New Kingdom)
Relations with Egypt
After the New Kingdom fell, Kush senses
Egypt’s weakness and conquers Upper Egypt. They then make relations with Lower Egypt
and conquer them. Kashta and his son Piankhi Extend the Kushite
kingdom from Napata in Nubia to the Nile Delta.
Kush’s Time of Glory
Piankhi 751-716 BCE
Piankhi was the son of Kashta, and a very powerful military leader. He was very religious. He believed he had the support of the gods to rule over the Egyptian people.
Kushite Occupation of Egypt
• Kush’s occupation in Egypt is know as the 25th Dynasty
• Piankhi and his relatives believed the old pharaohs of Egypt were their ancestors.
• Kush tried to restore Egyptian cultural practices
• They bulit temples to Egyptian gods• The worked to preserve hieroglyphics
Kush held Egypt for about 50 years until the
Assyrians invaded They had better iron weapons than the
Kushites
The End of Kushite Occupation of Egypt
After their defeat by the Assyrians, the
Kushites retreat back to their homeland – Nubia
There they devoted themselves to trade The city of Meroe is the economic capital
Kush Becomes the Iron Capital of the Ancient
World
Meroe is an area full of rich iron ore deposits This is the place where AFRICA’s first iron
industry begins People need iron to make weapons To create iron there was a need for wood to
burn in furnaces to melt down the iron ore
Kush Becomes the Iron Capital of the Ancient
World
Ancient peoples want iron weapons and
statues this sparks the desire to trade Kush sent goods down to Nile to Egypt Egyptian and Greek merchants carried goods
to ports in the Mediterranean and Red Seas and ports in southern Africa.
In later times Kushite goods may have even traveled to India and perhaps China
Trade with other nations brought cultural influences to Kush
Trade Networks
Trade Networks
Exports• Gold• Pottery• Iron tools• Slaves• Ivory• Leopard
skins• Ostrich
Feathers• Elephants
Imports• Fine
jewelry• Luxury
items
To make iron, they needed to wood to burn. They had
used up much of their wood. Their resources were dwindling.
Kush could not produce as much iron as they had in the past, yet demand for iron was growing. Traders began to look elsewhere for iron.
By 300s AD Kush lost its wealth a military might
The Kingdom of Aksum conquers Kush
The Demise of Kush