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![Page 1: Фото MANIPULATING THE QUANTUM STATE OF SINGLE ATOMS AND PHOTONS works of Nobel Laureates in physics 2012 A.V.Masalov Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013004/56649e1b5503460f94b0a06c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
фото
MANIPULATING THE QUANTUM STATE
OF SINGLE ATOMS AND PHOTONS
works of Nobel Laureates in physics 2012
A.V.Masalov
Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow
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Nobel Prize in Physics 2012:
Serge HAROCHE and David J. WINELAND
"FOR GROUND-BREAKING EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
THAT ENABLE MEASURING AND MANIPULATION
OF INDIVIDUAL QUANTUM SYSTEMS“
PHOTONS IONS
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Serge HAROCHEÉcole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
MANIPULATING THE QUANTUM STATE
OF SINGLE PHOTONS
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INDIVIDUAL QUANTUM SYSTEMS:
photons of electromagnetic field @ 51.1 ГГц ( ~ 6 mm); number of photons – from 1 to about 10.
MEASURING AND MANIPULATION:
by means of single atoms in superpositional states.
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SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITIES:
- Open Fabry Perot
- Niobium on diamond machined copper
- Unprecedented lifetime @ 51 GHz, 0.8 K :
Tc = 0,13 s
Q = 4,2 × 1010
F = 4,6 × 109
!!! Average number of thermalphotons ~ 0.05
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CIRCULAR RYDBERG ATOMS:
- Long lifetime (30 ms)
- Millimeter-wave transitions
- Tunable via the Stark effect
- Large coupling to radiation
- Efficient and state-selective
single-atom detection
!!! Excitation to superpositional
states (by ‘’-pulse of light):
g e
n = 0
n = 1
n = 2n = 3
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B – atomic source (beam of single Rb atoms) selected by velositiy:
~ 900 pc/s, ~ 250 m/s.
С – superconducting resonator: 51.1 GHz, 0.8 K, tunable (!)
R1 и R2 – auxilary resonator for excitation anf analysis of atoms.
S – source of radiation at about 51 GHz.
D – detector of atomic state: or .eg
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Source R1 ‘’-pulse atom g e
Main resonator C tuned close but out of resonance with atoms
Atoms are exposed to Stark-shift of levels in the interaction area C:
Atom + 1 photon: ig e e g e
Source R2 ‘’-pulse atom + 1 photon 1 pure exited state!ie
atom + 0 photon 0 pure ground state!
INTERFEROMETER RAMSEY
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SINGLE PHOTON IN RESONATOR
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Photon decay in resonator:
1 realization
5 realizations
15 realizations
904 realizations
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INTERFEROMETER RAMSEY
The ‘door’ from classical world to quantum one:‘’-pulse
g e
The ‘door’ from quantum world to classical one:interferometer Ramsey g e
e
g
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More delicate coding of photon numbers in resonatorby phase in superpositional state of atoms
Number of photons
Atomic state Atomic state out of
Ramsey interferometer
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
00 ig e e 10 ig e e
20 ig e e 30 ig e e 40 ig e e
50 ig e e 60 ig e e 70 ig e e
2 /8
sin6 cos6g e
0 1g e
sin cosg e
sin 2 cos2g e
sin3 cos3g e
sin 4 cos4g e
sin5 cos5g e
sin7 cos7g e
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More delicate coding of photon numbers in Cby phase in superpositional state of atoms
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1. Photon-state preparation in C by resonant atoms.2. Photon-state detection by non-resonant atoms:
QUANTUM NON-DEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTON NUMBER IN RESONATOR
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POISSON DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTONS(at final stage on measurements)
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TRACING THE NUMBER OF PHOTONS IN RESONATOR
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Homodyning the quantum state of photons
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Reconstruction of density-matrix and quasiprobability distributionof radiation with n = 1
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Reconstruction of density-matrix and quasiprobability distributionof radiation with n = 2
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Reconstruction of density-matrix and quasiprobability distributionof radiation with n = 3
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Reconstruction of density-matrix and quasiprobability distributionof radiation with n = 4
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even odd decoherence
Reconstruction of density-matrix and quasiprobability distributionof radiation in the states of ‘Schredinger-cat’
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END
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«Время жизни» одного фотона (кр) и нуля фотонов (син)
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