LNECdurati.lnec.pt/pdf/ICDS12_Presentations/K_7_AGoncalves.pdf · LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1...
Transcript of LNECdurati.lnec.pt/pdf/ICDS12_Presentations/K_7_AGoncalves.pdf · LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1...
SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.
AN OVERVIEW
Arlindo Gonçalves
BACKGROUND
Expanding global population
Increased social needs forimproved quality of life.
Higher demand of rawmaterials and naturalresources and increase ofGHG emissions
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Increased pressure on the environment
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Definition:“meeting the needs of the present generation withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meettheir own needs” (Brundtland Commission, 1987)
“ability of a system to be maintained for the present and future generations” (EN 15643-2010)
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“an enduring, balanced approach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress”(BS 8905-2011)
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Dimensions:
Environmental
Social
Economic
Satisfaction of socialand equity needs
Establish fairvalue across the
global value chain
Ability of theenvironment
to withstand loads
Sustainability was firstly addressed from anenvironmental perspective, being this issue themost well established.
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SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION
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>Construction sector plays an important role in
economy.
>Building construction industry:
• Consumes 40% of the materials entering the global
economy;
• Generates 40–50% of the global output of GHG
emissions;
• Produces about 1/3 of the world waste.
Sustainability is relevant for construction sector!
>Existing materials
Correct choice and application
Improving the production technologies
Recycling
>New materials
More sustainable over the 3 dimensions
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SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
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SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION
CEMENT
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SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION
>Apply a stringent control of execution
>Provide a maintenance plan
>Implement new solutions:
Energy efficiency
Adaptability
Good indoor air quality
Design for disassembly
Use of materials easily recycled.
BUILDINGS
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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
>Assessment based on a life cycle approach
BASIS
A balanced solution is required
Cheaper products at factory gate could
have high maintenance or waste
management costs in the medium term.
Technological products with very high
production costs may never be recovered
along service life.
After a product leaves the factory, the life cycle
assessment requires the establishment of reliable
scenarios (application, utilization, end-use).
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potentialenvironmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle
• Overall aim of the study.
• Limits of the assessment defining what is and whatis not included.
• Collecting data regarding energy and mass.
• Refining or redefining system boundaries.
• Selecting relevant impact categories.
• Assigning results from LCI to impactcategories
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Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potentialenvironmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle
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Studyoutcome
Analyze results against the
goal.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>The goal of the assessment shall be clearly defined:
Comparison of alternative solutions
Equate the result against a established target value
>The system boundary shall be identified
Life cycle stages that are included
Inputs and outputs to be considered
GOAL AND SCOPE
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>To compare solutions they must fulfill the same
requirements
GOAL AND SCOPE
For products, a Functional Unit
is used to quantify their
performance characteristics.
EXAMPLE: The total amount of binder per m3 concrete
necessary to deliver 1MPa of strength and 1 year of service life
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>To compare solutions qualified data are required
Reliable (based on measurement)
Complete (to level normal fluctuations over time and sites)
Temporal correlated (less than 3 years old)
Geographical correlated (area under study)
Technological correlated (data from the factory)
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
>Data scatter on cement production
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
>Generic data - Databases
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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
Ecoinvent
• www.ecoinvent.ch
BRE
• www.bre.co.uk
Inies
• www.inies.fr
ELCD
• http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasetArea.vm
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>Environmental impacts
Impact category - e.g. global warming, ozone deplection
>Resource use
Parameter - e.g. use of non-renewable primary energy resources
>Waste categories
Parameter - e.g. hazardous waste disposed
>Output flowsParameter e.g. materials for recycling
LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Selecting relevant impact categories or parameters
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>Calculations
For each indicator the total impact is
calculated
Results interpretation usually requires
a value judgment
LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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>Comparison between hydrophobic treatment andpatch repairFunctional unit - 1 m2 of repaired or protected concretesurface for a period of 10 years.
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Use preventive maintenance before reaching astage where patch repairs may be advised
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Life cycle impact assessment
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
>Calculations
Value judgment is out of the scope of existing standards
If a single sustainable result is foreseen, a weight is to
be given to each indicator
Different schemes for assessing sustainability of
products and buildings were developed
Life cycle impact assessment
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
Different schemes give different results
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>Harmonization for sustainability
assessment was felt as need!
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EUROPEAN STANDARDSCEN/TC 350 (2005)
Standards for sustainability of construction works.
>International standards and European policies were
taken into account :
ISO standards from TC59/SC 17 and TC 207
oSustainability in buildings and civil engineering works
oEnvironmental management
Construction Products Regulation
oBR3 Hygiene, health and environment
oBR7 Sustainable use of natural resources
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EUROPEAN STANDARDS
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EUROPEAN STANDARDSFRAMEWORK LEVEL
EN 15643-1• Sustainability of construction works - Sustainability
assessment of buildings - Part 1: General framework.
EN 15643-2• Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of
buildings — Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance.
EN 15643-3• Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of
buildings — Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performance.
EN 15643-4• Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of
buildings — Part 4: Framework for the assessment of economic performance.
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EUROPEAN STANDARDSBUILDING LEVEL
EN 15978
• Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of buildings - Calculation method.
pr EN 16309
• Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of social performance of buildings – Methods.
WI 017
• Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of economic performance of buildings – Methods.
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EUROPEAN STANDARDSPRODUCT LEVEL
EN 15804
• Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products.
CEN TR 15941
• Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations —Methodology for selection and use of generic data.
EN 15942
• Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Communication format business-to-business.
>Environmental Product Declaration, EPD, is a
brief document whose objective is to sum up
the environmental profile of a finished product
under a specified format.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
EN 15804
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
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Product stage
(A1‐A3)
• A1 Raw materials
supply
• A2 Transport
• A3 Manufacturing
Construction
stage
(A4‐A5)
• A4 Transport
• A5 Construction‐
installation
process
Use stage
(B1‐B7)
•B1 Use
•B2 Maintenance
•B3 Repair
•B4 Replacement
•B5 Refurbishment
•B6 Operational
energy use
•B7 Operational
water use
End of life stage
(C1‐C4)
• C1 Deconstruction
• C2 Transport
• C3 Waste
processing
• C4 Disposal
Benefits and loads beyond
system boundary (D)
•Reuse potential
•Recovery potential
•Recycling potential
BUIDING LIFE CYCLE INFORMATION
EPD cradle to gate
EPD cradle to gate wtith options
EPD cradle to grave
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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>The EPD according to the new European standard does not include social neither economic aspects and impacts, these components are only addressed at the building level.
>EPD based on BS 8905 regarding the sustainable use of materials seeks to attain environmental, social and economic contributions.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
>Social impacts (BS 8905)
• employment and labor conditions;
• pollution prevention and abatement;
• community health;
• safety and security.
>Economic impacts (BS 8905)
• Potential revenue
• Effects on local, regional and international economy
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ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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FINAL REMARKS
>Standards developed by CEN TC 350 allow a morecomplete and harmonized approach tosustainability information related to constructionproducts.
>Following RCP publication and ISO Guide 82 (stillfor approval) it is expected that product standardswill require producers to make the EnvironmentalProduct Declarations (EPD)
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FINAL REMARKS
>The social and economic dimensions are stillunder development
>The evaluation part of the assessment (weighingof indicators) is still a pending issue and adrawback for harmonization
>Anyway, different weights should be accepted ona regional or local basis
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ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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Thank You
for
Your Attention
ICDS12 International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation LNEC • Lisbon • Portugal • 31 May - 1 June 2012
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