KEYTO THE TRANSLATION EXERCISES OF

KEMPSON'S

SYNTAX AND IDIOMS OFHINDUSTANI

BY THE AUTHOR

LONDON

SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANYLimited

t. itunstan's ;Sj

PREFACE.

THE object of this Key is to enable the learner to correct

his own attempts at translating from the English.

It will be seen, too, that Parts I. and II. may be

utilised as a Second Series of Exercises in the fashion of

the original Work.

The Roman character is used because it costs less to

print ; but the student will of course write out his Exer-

cises in the native character, for in no other way can he

learn to spell correctly.

Constant reference to a Dictionary for the orthography

of words, with respect to which he cannot fail to be in

doubt at first, is an absolute necessity.

M. K.

Uley, 1890.

2000210

KEY TO

EXERCISES IN HINDUSTANI

TRANSLATION OF THE EXEECISESIN PART I.

EXERCISE I.

4. (1) Who are you, Sir? (2) Hallo there! whoare you ? (3) What place is that ? (4) Who are thesemen ? (5) What means this ? (6) What 's all this ?

(7) How do you do ? (8) Where is the post-office ?

(9) How far is Dehli ? (10) What is the price ?

(11) How many sowars are in waiting? (12) When,will dinner be ready ? (13) Why was he sullen ?(14) How is this known ? (15) How do you come tobe here ?

0, (1) Tar-ghar kahan hai. (2) Ghat kitni dur hai.

(3) Mahsul kitna hai. (4) Kai rupaya baqi hai.

(5) HAziri kab tayyar hogi. (6) Teh kaunsi kitab hai.

(7) Yeh kaun 'aurat hai. (8) Yeh galati kyunkar hui.

1

TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

(9) Turn gair-hazir kyun the. (10) Itni der kyun.

(11) Turn kahan the. (12) Teh kaun nadi hai.

(13) Sabab kya. (14) Yeh kaisa bandobast hai. (15) Sahib-

khana kaun hai.

EXERCISE II.

(1) You too be in attendance to-morrow.

(2) Yesterday a great bit of fun occurred. (3) It does

not matter. (4) Here there is no water at all. (5) Some

little bread there is. (6) There is no other servant.

(7) No other girl was there. (8) Some hundred orImndred and fifty rupees are in hand. (9) Yes; that

was the very person. (10) The time is very short

indeed now. (11) Cotton is never grown here. (12) There

was no trace anywhere. (13) Some bungalow or other

must be vacant. (14) There must have been a fall of

rain somewhere or other. (15) To-day not the slightesteffect was produced.

12. (1) Yahan ko'i hai. (2) Kal yahan kuchh bhi

garmi na hui. (3) Yeh ghori bahut hi bad mizaj ma'lum

hoti. (4) Kaisa 'umda bag. (5) Kya aj Munshi sahib

bimar hain. (6) Yehi bat to thi. (7) Khak bhi sabab

nahin. (8) Kuchh na kuchh galati hui hogi. (9) Kuchh

muzayaqa nahin. (10) Abhi to ko'i dha'i sau rupayadarkar hai. (11) Qil'a kos bhar dur hai. (12) Kha-

bardar kal zarur hazir ho. (13) Pandit ji bare hazir-

jawab hain. (14) Kya yeh nadi payab hoti hai.

(15) Kahin na kahin bazar to hoga.

PAET I. 6

EXERCISE III.

i (1) The parents and children were assembled.

(2) Most Hindi, Persian, and Arabic books are cheap.

(3) About fifty Sepoys must have started. (4) There is

some little extra baggage too. (5) The bearers all want

food and rest. (6) All three thieves were caught.

(7) The royal provinces must be in a ruinous condition.

(8) Well, you and I will be partners. (9) Both he and

I are recent arrivals. (10) Flour, pulse,'

ghee,' salt,

etc., will be provided. (11) Many such native medicinesas 'neem,' aconite, borax, potash are useful remedies.

(12) Indigo, tobacco, and cotton also are grown here.

2O (1) Ka'i ek Thag giriftar hue honge. (2) Chobamekh qanat wagaira sab durust hain. (3) Chhapa aur

kagaz aur jild-bandi achchhi hai. (4) Kya turn-log razi

ho. (5) Bhala, ham turn sab eksan admi hain. (6) Ta-mam daftar-logmuztarr o pareshan hote honge. (7) Kalto Ismit Sahib aur Mem Sahib aur baba-log rawana hue.(8) Zemindar-log sab naraz hain. (9) Mamalik magrabio skimali wasi' hain. (10) 'Aql shuja'at haya aisi sifateu

kam-yab hoti hain. (11) Wahan to saikron rupaya bar-bsid hua hai. (12) Turn charou admi sazawar ho.

EXERCISE IV.

(1) How was this emeute put down ? (2) Whatis your authority for this statement ? (3) You are the

graudson of a man held in great esteem. (4) Which isthe road to Agra? (5) I am very thankful for yourHonour's kindnesses. (6) How much for this black

1 *

4 TBANSLA.TION OF EXEECISES.

mare ? (7) The office-work is certainly heavy now-a-days.

(8) Terrible injustice must have occurred. (9) Why is

your middle finger so rough ? (10) What is the good of

such extravagance ? (11) The whole of them wish to

see me disgraced. (12) Wealth and riches are of smallaccount in comparison with virtue and breeding. (13) The*

dak-bungalow'

is quite close to the railway. (14) Each

was a man like you and me. (15) What companionshipis there between a footman and a horseman ?

29. (1) Tere bap ka nam aur zat kya hai. (2) Yehto kuchh hansi ki bat nahin. (3) Kasad ka bandobast

kis ka zimma hai. (4) Is ghore ki shakl aur rangachchha hai. (5) Do mil ka ek kos hota hai. (6) Tehkahan ki sarak hai. (7) Tin din ki rukhsat manzur

hui. (8) Yeh tattu kitne ka hai. (9) Is mazmun ka ekhukm jari hai. (10) Uske sath ek hathi aur do unt bhithe. (11) Meri kothi kachahri ke pas hi hai. (12) Par-

sal bala ki qaht-sali hui thi. (13) Kisi na kisi baniyaki dukan hai. (14) Imsal kis qadr naf hasil hua.

(15) Teri

PART I. 5

weavers is inconceivable. (10) Some stranger is desirous

of an interview with you. (11) It is the difference

between earth and heaven. (12) By Heaven ! I dare not

do this deed. (13) The word fe'l is good idiom here.

(14) An old man of the name of Durga is standingwithout. (15) A scholarship of twenty rupees a month isfounded for the benefit of the students.

(1) Tumhare pas kis qadr naqd hai. (2) Yeh

to kalke ghore ka 'ajib qissa hai. (3) Bilfe'l mere yahanko'i jagah khali nahin. (4) Mudda'i ka da'wa ja'iz hai.

(5) Yahan to Dehli ka, mohawara murawwaj hai. (6) Roz

roz ka jhagra har-giz pasandida nahin. (7) Be-tamiz

adini qabil-e'tibar nahin. (8) Hata ki diwar marammat-

talab hai. ,(9) Wajh ke lafz ki lugawi rna'ni kya hai.

(10) Yeh guin-nain 'arzi km makkar ka kam hoga.(11) Yeh sanduq yahan ke logon ki karigari ka namuna

hai. (12) Albatta bhatija ap ka taraqqi ke la'iq hai.

(13) Ek kana faqir Shah 'Ali nam phatak ke ssimhnekhara hai. (14) Ba'zon ke nazdik sarkari intizam galat

hai. (15) Is zila* ka bandobast bahut hi nann ma'lum

hota hai.

EXERCISE VI.

(1) I am taking leave. (2) I bear my misfor-tunes constantly in mind. (3) At that moment I recol-

lected my native country and my parents. (4) TheDasehra holidays will begin ten days hence. (5) Where

does this road go ? (6) Some half n ser of milk must havebeen left. (7) All my property was stolen. (8) After

O TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

some days your proficiency will be perfect. (9) The

train must have come in some time since. (10) I have

no leisure now. (11) Everyone has his own fashions

(gangs his ain gait). (12) I dislike this fashion of for-

getting. (13) I am coming with you myself. (14) Mylesson was left unfinished yesterday. (15) The supportof one's own people is a condition of humanity.

, (1) Kal sham ko woh rukhsat hua. (2) Uski

charb-zabani mujhe pasand nahin ati. (3) Aj do paharbare Sahib wapas a'enge. (4) Mujhko apni be-wuqufi

yad-ai. (5) Chand roz ke ba'd unke sab naukar chakar

mauquf hoga'e. (6) Pachiswin tarikh mah hal ko Sahib

Kalektar ke yahan darbar jari hoga. (7) Turn sab apne

apne ghar jao. (8) Ek na ek din salah meri tujhko yad-

hogi. (9) Ap ke khatt kl 'ebarat aur mazmiin mujhko

pasand aya. (10) Is khata ka natija jald tujhko zahir

hoja'ega. (11) Kis qadr mahasil wusul hua. (12) Pir

ko usi waqt imtehan shuru' hoga. (13) Yahan to aksar

tandurust rahta hun. (14) Is makan men kaun sahib

tashrif rakhte hain. (15) Teri yeh na'i hikmat kab ijad-

hui.

EXERCISE VII.

51, (1) His staying in Dehli in this way is inexpe-pedient. (2) How long shall I have to stay here ?

(3) Rain will fall in a short time. (4) There is much

difference between this and that. (5) I received yourHonour's letter. (6) The contractor will receive an

advance of two hundred and fifty rupees. (7) Friend,

why are you so angry with him ? (8) This slipping out

PART I. 7

at night of his was no novelty. (9) Money is a thingwhich comes and goes. (10) Meanwhile the guests'litters began to arrive. (11) In this triangle the squareon the side AB is equal to the square on the side AC.(12) I mean to go thus far and no farther. (13) As yet1 haven't caught a single fish. (14) Wealth gratis comes

amiss to none. (15) He received a fatal wound,

53 i (1) Mazhabi baton men Sarkar ki dastandazimaslabat nahin. (2) Woh to mujhpar bahut hi gussehua. (3) Athwen bab tak ka inujhe irada hai bas.

(4) Is qism ka kapra kahan milta. (5) Ap ka is majlismen shamil hona rava hai. (6) Uske agle din mujhko-Agra jana para. (7)_Gumnam 'arzi'an ani shuru' huin.

(8) Meri danist men ap ko yeh makan khush-kharid mila.

(9) Kisi ke chot na lagi. (10) 'Ilm aur 'amal men bara

farq hai. (11) Ap ka beta shash-mahi initehan men awwalnikla. (12) Is riyasat men be-sa'i o sifarish kisi konaukari nahin milti. (13) Is kue men ka pani pina haram.

hai. (14) Kunji qufl men nahin lagti. (15) Ham parshari'at ka paband hona farz hai.

EXEECISE VIII.

(1) Be in attendance at the Dispensary at noonto-morrow. (2) Nothing contrary to your wishes shall

happen. (3) I was a terrible sleeper from childhood.

(4) Alas ! I was deprived of the sight of my father on thatoccasion. (5) Is there any family relationship between

you and the Serishtadar? (6) There will not be in the

whole world a smaller bird than this. (7) Which is the

S TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

best horse in you: stable ? (8) Compared with the

others this bay mare is the fastest. (9) The Sayyidsrank highest among the Mahomedans. (10) The Captaintreated me with courtesy. (11) There is an iron chain

on this elephant's leg. (12) There is no poet like me atthe present day. (13) His pronunciation is rustic.

(14) Your pluck is that of a Bengali. (15) A greatmany foreign travellers have come into the Serai to-

day.

f>2i (1) Ferishton ka sa mizaj uska hai. (2) In

men se bahut se saudagar Kabul se ae hain. (3) Hazari

Mai hazar mahajanon ka ek mahsljan hai. (4) Mere

yahan to yeh 'Arabi sab se garib hai. (5) Be shakk is

shakhs ki surat chalan ki kaifiyat se milti. (6) Huzur ke

nam ki yeh tin cbitthi daftar se a'i hain. (7) Tamam

gird-nawah men Pir Khan se ko'i achchha chabuk-sowar nahin. (8) Mujhko Hardwar ke mele men yeh

jora khush-kharid mila. (9) Ham to tumhare bulawe senahin ane ke. (10) Khuda ke waste shahr ke is mahalla

men na ana. (11) Be-kar mat baitho. (12) Maktabmen sab se achchha khush-navis kaun hai. (13) Kal tomera dost apne ghar par na tha. (14) Rel par sowar

hona (rel ka safar) mujhko pasand ata. (15) Usko

kamar men chandi ki peti thi.

EXEKCISE IX.

68. (1) What shall I say at all, at all? (2) Withwhat face shall I interview my father ? (3) This newfashion (of life) will astonish them. (4) At your age are

you not ashamed ? (5) The river Jamna falls into the

PAET I.

Oanges. (6) What is the sum of nine, eighteen, and

twenty-seven? (7) The proceedings were recorded, and

the (following) order given. (8) Two doctors, let alone

one, carne to see me. (9) Clean my gun well and bringit. (10) Search for and seek him everywhere. (11) The

natives of this country ride without saddle or bridle.

{12) Explain briefly the cause of the Mutiny of Fifty-

seven. (13) Where is a recluse like me to lookifora

photographer? (14) Who took away the pens, ink, and

paper hence ? (15) Thief knows thief.

7Oi (1) Nau aur unis aur untis milkar sattawan hotehain. (2) Ko'i makkar jakar meri jutiyan legaya hoga.

(3) Yeh chitthi kaun laya. (4) Yeh sab kitaben tartib

se mez par rakh-do. (5) In bagi'on ke sath kis tarah se

pesh-aun. (6) Sindh darya Hind ke samundar men jamila. (7) Sham ko mujhe hawa khane ka shauq hai.

(8) Mukhtasar karke apni tamam sarguzasht bayan kar.

(9) Haqiqat-hal daryaft karke likh-bhejo. (10) Is dangafasad ka asli sabab kyunkar ma'lum kariin. (11) Ekchhor tin samp isi badar-rau se nikle. (12) Kya munhleke apne bare bha'i se milun. (13) Hargiz pith

pichhe kisi se bura bhahl na kahna. (14) Mujhe ghar

jake bukhar aya. (15) Maulavi sahib ki e'tiraz ko taslim

karta hun.

EXERCISE X.

(1) How shall I have the purchase-money sent

you ? (2) Just drive the sheep and goats out of the

.garden. (3) He must have reached home long ago.

10 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

(4) The cure of cholera is beyond the resources of medi-

cine. (5) It was bad manners for him to call out thus'.

suddenly in your Honour's presence. (6) I have no powerto move in this affair. (7) It was not very difficult to-

make my son understand my wishes. (8) Find out theroad from the villagers as you go along. (9) I was pre-vented by indisposition from answering your letter.

(10) Well, how can we assent ? (11) He has already-taken leave and gone. (12) Talk about this and that

commenced afterwards. (13) Beware this secret do not

get abroad. (14) No female was allowed to go outsidethe courtyard. (15) Hang it ! let him in and have done

with it.

M (1) Ap ke su'al ka jawab sar-i-dast nahin de-sakta him. (2) Mujh se kuchh na ban-para, bas. (3) Dudh

ko billi pi-ga'i hogi. (4) Us bag ke uttar men dehrakhara kar-do. (5) Mere ane se pahle ka.ni to kav-chuka.

(6) Kashtkar log zemana ki shikayat karne lage. (7) Usk&

ane dene men kya qabahat. (8) Hata se bahar ko'i na

jane pslwe. (9) Is tahrir ki naql mutabiq-asl kar-lena..

(10) Is gsVon ki iia-safi ki kaifiyat roznamcha men darj-kar-dun. (11) Apasmen takrarna honepawe. (12) Munbandhere gend khelue ke maidan men pani chhirakwa-do_

(13) Bala se yeh khurafat raddi men pheuk-dalo. (14) Wohto bazar hoke aya hoga. (15) Kal sab ghoron ki na'lbandt

karwsUdo.

EXERCISE XI.

(1) I was forced to take three days' leave. (2) I

owe it to your good fortune that I have built this house-

PART I. 11

(3) God endowed him with intelligence, virtue, and

modesty, in fact, with every good quality. (4) Ofcourse you will have put him into Court. (5) Beginningwith a hide of land, the English appropriated the whole

of India. (6) I bought the be-choba in Fatehgarh.

(7) He told off two chokidars to show the road. (8) Iwas honoured by the arrival of your letter. (9) Mynephew Khwaja Badruddin Khan has translated the

Bostan-kbayal into Urdu. (10) Brother and sister

described all their adventures. (11) What made youallow these mutineers to remain on your premises ? (12) I

borrowed the MS. from him and corrected all my books.

(13) I have sent Babu Kali Charn your letter to his

address. (14) I adjourned the case in expectation of

your coming. (15) He left nothing unsaid.

i Nahaqq main ne apni hansi kara'i. (2) Mere

sathi'on ne apas men yeh 'ahd o paiman kar-liya. (3) RamLai nam ek baniya ne mere upar jhiithi nalish karwa-dihai. (4) Nij ki sowari ke li'e main ne do desi ghoriyanHardwar men lin. (5) Turn ne apni kaifiyat men bahut

se matalib likhe hain. (6) Sas ne mujh ko khanadari

men kuchh bhi dakhl na diya. (7) Kya samajhke tu nesahib ko jane diya. (8) Ap ne to bari jokhim utha'ithi. (9) Mushkil se main ne bis rupaya par kifa-

yat ki. (10) Burhape ne mujhe nikamma kar-diyA.hai. (11) Ek ek karke mariz ne ghar-walon ki khair a

'afiyat puchhi. (12) Is raqm ko turn ne hisab men kyim

qalam-andaz kiya tha. (13) Kar-pardazon ne dana ghas

bichhali sab chiz risala ke waste baham pahuncha'in.

(14) Unhon ne upar tale char sher banduq msire. (15) Is

men ap ne meri bari qadr-dani farma'i hai.

12 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XII.

1 (1) A privateer was visible a long way off. (2) The"voices were quite inaudible. (3) Once loose, these horses

will not let themselves be caught. (4) He accompaniedme of his own accord. (5) I went off in alarm by theback door. (6) I began to lose sight of the earth entirely.

(7) Ask the teacher for a dictionary in my name, and

bring it. (8) Be good enough just to correct this roughdraft. (9) Be pleased to pay ray bouse a visit. (10) Praydon't be angry. (11) Then where will you be pleased to

go ? (12) The sight of others in misfortune should be

an admonition to ourselves. (13) You ought to wear

full dress. (14) You ought to have confessed yourfault. (15) Under no circumstances ought one to be

indolent.

(1) Das mil ke fasila par pal ek jahfiz ke dikha'idi'e. (2) Woh rukhsat hoke chal-diya. (3) Woh toadhi dur tak haniara sath diya. (4) Mujhe tar ke zari'a

se unki tashrif-awari ki ittila' bhej-diji'e. (5) Bha'i ki

saza dekhke usko 'ibrat pakarni chahi'e thi. (6) Mujhkounki zaban mutlaq nasamjha'idi. (7) Mansha-e-rnusan-

nif mujhko tashrih kiji'e. (8) Mehrbani karke apni hida-

yaten tafsil se tahrir farma'iye. (9) Kal parson mere

yahan tashrif farma'iye. (10) Chalis kos ke fasila par

topon ki awaz suna'i di. (11) Pesh-lashkar dushman

ka Satlaj par uazar para. (12) Be-dii na huji'e.

(13) Ba-har-kaif logon par ziyadati na karni chahi'e

(14) Meri haveli ke sahn men be-takalluf tashrif la'iye.(15) Eishta-daron men parda kya chahi'e.

PART I.

EXERCISE XIII.

i (1) What will not a dying man do ? (2) In therear of the combatants in the van of the runaways.

(3) Religious mendicants of various kinds pester the

wayfarers. (4) I am present at your summons. (5) Thatsame Jinn appeared to me as I lay awake. (6) On hearingof it he was seized with longing. (7) No one falls into awell by order. (8) On awaking from sleep the patientwill, of course, feel thirsty. (9) He may, perhaps, be

brought to accept two rupees (a month). (10) He willbe better looking still when he is grown up. (11) Howcan a disease be diagnosed without a sight of the

patient? (12) Who can measure (the altitude of) aminaret of the Jami' Masjid without a yard-measure,without a rope, and without ascending it ?

(1) Ra'sha ke mare men to ungliyan kahe mennahin. (2) Abtak mere ga'e ka qalaq unke dil men lagta.

(3) Ma'muli phirta garibanon ko de-dena. (4) Jawan

hu'e par uski maharat awwal darja hogi. (5) Matlab

'arzi ka be parhe hue kyunkar ma'luru hosakta hai.

(6) Woh to be rukhsat li'e chal-diya. (7) Hisab sentteke sath mujhko khazanchi ki bad-diyanati khuli.

(8) Ganga ki chaura'i be par hue kaun kah-sake. (9) Is

tarah munh laga'e se niri nafrat paida hogi. (10) Sam-

jha'e se woh to naukari qabul kar-lega. (11) Ham tosirf ap ke bula'e hue a'e hain. (12) Apni taraf se dallal

ko dharta denu parega.

TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXEECISE XIV.

tO2i (1) Fill the tea-pot with boiling water.(2) Everywhere the statement of an eye-witness is most

relied on. (3) Address your elders in subdued tones.

(4) Define a recurring decimal. (5) Describe a triangle

on the given straight lina AB. (6) I saw a vessel filled

with chaff standing in the'

godown.' (7) A carpet is

spread in the drawing-room. (8) Have you got henna

on your feet ? (9) Sewing especially is very tiresome

work. (10) The boy, laughing, mounted to house-topand sat down. (11) Who is this man lying on the bed ?

(12) Daily quarrelling and fighting is, so to say, the

curse of this village.

1O4 (1) Zarra us bhaunkte hue kutte ko chupkara-do. (2) Tarke men bap-dadon se mujh ko yeh chalta

kar-khana mila. (3) Aj mujhko us ne ek bolti chirya

pinjre men lagi hu'i nazr guzra.ni. (4) Khuda ki di hu'i

roti ko sab khate hain. (5) Dastar-khwan mez par bichha

hai. (6) Is bat ki tamsil men mujhko ek bare maza ki

hikayat yad-ati. (7) Mujhko yeh bana'i hu'i baten

pasand nahin atin. (8) Balti men khaulti hu'i ghungh-

iiyan bhar-do. (9) Khauf ke mare woh buzdil ulte pa'on

phira. (10) Bahuteri dilchasp kitaben kutb-khana men

maujud hain. (11) Fauj to bhagti hu'i hazar mushkilon

se sarhadd pahunchi. (12) Woh to bazar hota hua logonka salam leta.

PART I. 15

EXERCISE XV.

(1) He recognised his brother's signaturedirectly he saw it. (2) The whole civil and financial

administration came into our hands by degrees. (3) He

(or she) passed the whole day in tears. (4) What have

you to do with these matters while I am here ? (5) Whyneed you make yourself ridiculous to no purpose without

an effort to avoid it ? (6) The preceptor was seized with

cholera as he was writing his letters. (7) The tyrantfound my wife and myself sound asleep, and cast us intothe stream. (8) I have left my horse tethered to a peg.(9) You must have observed the moon scudding throughthe broken clouds. (10) Two slave-girls issued, lamp in

hand. (11) The girl has eaten nothing since this time

yesterday. (12) The Vazir came on tiptoe in great alarm

;and looked.

111. (1) Mujhko itm bari hokar alif-be parhte hue

diqqat hoti hai. (2) Chhote bare kal isi waqt ka kha'e

hue hain. (3) Woh shakhs sher ka sa munh li'e huekaun hai. (4) Ganj men khali is dukan ko khula hua

pay a. (5) Chalte hue Begam mujhe ek ashrafi dene

lagin. (6) Hote hote Afganon ne Panjab ko fateh-kar-

liya. (7) Ankh bacha 'aurat-log zenana ke andar se sir

nikale thin. (8) Sab ke sab ek dvisre ka munh dekhteke dekhte rah-ga'e. (9) Masjid ke andar ko'i Maulavi

jae-namaz bichha'e sijda men masruf raha. (10) Is dara

ko main apnl qabr samjhe hue tha. (11) Afwah sunte

hi gabra-gaya. (12) Mere rahte bhulkar bhi rishwat ka

niiiu na lena.

16 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XVI.

i (1) The news was known in the city about an

hour after sunrise. (2) As day declined, the Rani's

panJcha began to swing. (3) The forenoon was well

advanced when he awoke. (4) Three or three and a,

half months have passed since I went there. (5) Whyhave you come so late at night? (6) He rose very earlywhile it was yet night. (7) My eyes begin to close beforethe day is over. (8) Noon passed as he lay on and on

he did not even turn in his sleep. (9) Put the horses to

before gun-fire. (10) I intend to march as soon as the

day breaks. (11) The wretch did not cease from his.

wickedness up to the moment of his death. (12) Sick-

ness, medicine, prayer, the death-agony, and death itself

were over in a quarter of an hour. (13) What o'clockis it? It is just a quarter to eight now. (14) The

discussion continued from half past one till evening.

(15) May you be hourly blessed.

1 C1) Rel kai baje chhutegi. (2) Ab to imtehanke ko'i bis din pare hain. (3) Daura ga'e unko ek mahina

guzra hoga. (4) Itne din rahe se turn ne apna kam kyunchhora. (5) Itne din charhe turn kyun uthe. (6) Das.

baje se lekar panch tak daftar jari hai. (7) Hamari

paltan kuchh rfit rahe se para'o pahunchi. (8) Itni rat

ga'e meri mulaqat ko kaun sahib a'e hon. (9) Din charhte

charhte dur se ek jazira dikha'i dene laga. (10) Din

dubte dubte ulti hawa chalne lagi. (11) Be mere ishara.

di'e hue ghanta mat maro. (12) Aj gyara baje rat ko

chand khet karega. (13) Kya chalte waqt un se na,

PART I. 17

miloge. (14) Tanibih hue pichhe us ne baithe-bitha'e ek

aur shararat ki. (15) Main to jite ji ap ka suluk na

hhulunga.

EXERCISE XVII.

i (1) Come, let us all, each in turn, tell our own

names and our parents' names. (2) Female education, I

warrant, will increase and spread. (3) He thus went on

embracing each of them in turn as he recognised them.

(4) Do you now inspect the jars from one end (of the

row to the other). (5) Notwithstanding (my) reprimandhe grew more and more insolent and wicked. (6) Heremained gazing open-eyed at the passing trains. (7) At

this rate of extravagance all (his) wealth will disappear.

(8) They were much disgusted at the adjournment of

the trial. (9) Nearly ten thousand men were killed at

the siege of Dehli. (10) Let the editor of the paper be

searched for. (11) Hundreds of rupees per mensem come

in to me from the tena,nts. (12) A. man ran off to the

doctor's before daylight.

0) Asai ^ l&r&i men ko'iderh hazar admi khetrahe. (2) Qatil ko is 'aurat ke khub talash kiya ja'e.

(3) Roz-ba-roz woh shokh aur na-hamwar hota jata hai.

(4) Aisi 'adat thore se shuru' hokar barhti jati hai. (5) Is

se farig hokar dekha ja'ega. (6) Kahani ka multavi kiya

jana bachchon ko na-guwar hua. (7) Usko ate jate dekhta

rah. (8) Mujhse raha nahin gay a. (9) Tumhari jahalatke sabab meri bhi nek-nami jati rahegi. (10) Na-ba-kar

naukar ek ek karke nikale ga'e. (11) Hath pa'on men

sansani si chali ati hai. (12) Sharab pipe se nikla ata hai.

18 TRANSLATION OB' EXERCISES

EXERCISE XVIII.

13Oi (1) The brothers sat down to eat and drinkwith much zest and zeal. (2) I went to see him every

day for nine days consecutively. (3) In imitation of

me, the monkey let her left-hand pulse be felt every

day. (4) How may we be kept informed of your con-dition ? (5) After this a conversation on indifferent

topics was maintained. (6) You will be pleased to keepin your own hands the general superintendence only.

(7) I am desirous of adopting you as my son. (8) Some-

thing awful is about to happen. (9) Accordingly I shall

go on thus begging you from time to time (to grant myrequest). (10) Keep your hand placed upon the sleepingchild. (11) I will go and send bedding, etc., at once.

(12) I shall instantly split this beam in two.

132, (1) Be shakk is zila' men rasn>i-dukhtar-kushihua barti hai. (2) Ka'i din tak shadi ka jashn hua kiya.

(3) JBarah baja chahte hain. (4) Mariz ko barf ka pani

pila'e ja'o. (5) Ap ki yadgari men is anguthi ko apniungli men pahne rahunga. (6) Woh to har roz meri'eyadat ko do hafta tak aya jaya ki. (7) Khanala'e deta

him. (8) Is mujrim ko qatl-kiya chahi'e. (9) Main

tujhse man' ki'e deta hun. (10) Faisal-i sunkar mudda'i

mudda'a 'alaihi donon ek dusre ko taka ki'e. (11) Mere

rahte yeh dastur hua kare. (12) Waqt pare par isko mere

pas ane ki ijazat diya kiji'e.

19

TRANSLATION OF THE EXERCISESIN PART II.

EXEECISE XIX.

(1) ket that one of you precede who is qualifiedto take precedence. (2) Why should that be done which

may be a cause of dissension? (3) Whatever people

thought, they thought wrong. (4) What anyone is in

want of shall be given him. (5) After this wear what

you like. (6) Instantly report to me any unusual pro-ceeding on his part which you may observe. (7) I prac-tice the profession of marauding, which has come down to

me from my fathers. (8) What kind of man is he thateats no salt ? (9) Your mother and sister are in the same

house as yourself. (10) He suffered a retribution whichwas in accord with his deserts. (11) I have no book in

my possession which is worthy of your Excellency's in-

spection. (12) What you tell me is the weight of theair is inconceivable. (13) The higher I ascended, the

lighter the air became. (14) Let a contribution be levied

in proportion to the supposed income of each. (15) The

younger women of poor folk, among whom parda is not

maintained, work in the fields like men. (16) What Iobserved when I came into your family was that no men-

tion was made of religion.2 *

20 TEANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

. (1) Jo 'auraten parhua nahin jantin kaisi buri

tarah unka waqt katta hai. (2) Larki ko'i chha baras

ki thi bas bi'ainihi jitni hamari Hamida. (3) Wohi

Sindbad jise tuni rnua jante ho main huii. (4) Ba-sabab

ru'i ke jo kanon men bhari hui thi mutlaq awazen sunfi'i

na din. (5) Siwae iske jo main ap se 'arz karchuka aur

kuchh hai main nahin kah-sakta. (6) Buddhe naukar

jin se kam nahin ho-sakta unkehuquq ko bhul-jana bari

na-ehsanmandi hai. (7) Ham to isi pech men ki turn hohain. (8) Jitni main teri parwarish karta raha usi qadrtii sust aur kahil hota gaya. (9) Jisko jitni tankhwah

baqi hai di ja'egi. (10) Qoran men jo ap batate haiii

aisi ko'i ayat nahin. (11) Khasskar ko'i taklif hai jousko iza deti ho. (12) Jo amr ki zuhiir men aya hai

mere haqq men behtar hai. (13) Turn ne jitni qimatkahi thi behiida kahi. (14) Jo jo afwah ki bazar men

suniyo fauran mujhse kahla-bhejiyo. (15) Mere yahanko'i aisa ghora nahin ki jo ap ki sowari ke la'iq ho.

(16) Mahkama men akar jo dekha to mu-shigafi'on kadastur hua kiva.

EXEECISE XX.

(1) ^7 family is fortunate in your arrival.

(2) It is impossible he escaped by this road. (3) Howdid you know, without counting, that they were sixty ?

(4) What did L see on getting there but the thatchers'

ricks on fire. (5) He put a mirror into his hund and

said' Now, look at yourself and me, and see if there is

any difference at all between us.' (6) An idea came into

nay mind to rail to Agra. (?) You ran a great risk in

PART II. 21

going after tigers on foot. (8) I hope your Honour will

give me three days' grace. (9) I could not guess fromhis countenance that he was deceiving me. (10) I don't

know what answer to give to the manager's letter. (11) I

saw it stated in a newspaper that an eclipse of the sun

would be visible on the 15th inst. (12) It is a sad jobthat I gave him leave. (13) He said that he was expect-ing you. (14) Ask the Bearer if his master is awake yet.

(15) People began to be afraid that the police would

hear the noise and burst into the house.

i (1) Avadh akhbar men likha dekha ki sani-

char ko do baje Kaisar Bag ki barahdari men Ta'alluqdaronka jalsa darpesh hai. (2) Is jhagre ke tasfiya men apko chahi'e ki zarra da'en ba'en dekhi'e. (3) Guwah se

puchho ki turn se angrezi ati. (4) Sa'is ko hukm do kiturn adhi dur Jake baitho. (5) Ap ne bari peshbandi ki

jo usko be amanat li'e chhutkara diya. (6) Hairan hun

ki yeh bohtan kyunkar tardid-karun. (7) Usne lafzani

ki thi ki main unko farzin uthake mat duuga. (8) Apne bari khair-khwahi ki jo pahle pahal men mufsidon ko

dabaya. (9) Mujhe guman-i-galib hai ki woh bhi is dake

men tera shamil-hal hua hogsi. (10) Main is 'adat ka

rawadar uahin ki turn har phirkar meri khushamad karte

ho. (11) Uska yeh ma'mul tha ki fajar ko chihal-qadaimkarta. (12) Apas men 'ahd kiya ki a'o ham charon mil-kar shikar karenge. (13) Dar par dastak deke puchhoki sahib ghar par hai. (14) Usne mere bete se kaha tha

ki kal main tere bap ke yahan jata hun. (15) Multamis

hun ki ap mere is pahle qusur se darguzar kiji'e.

22 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XXI.

i (1) I cannot help laughing when I recollect

this matter. (2) I enjoy good health since I came here.

(3) Wait in the verandah till I come. (4) It is a longtime since my father died. (5) He had no sooner saidthis than I was rooted to the earth for shame. (6) Wher-

ever you perceive a new dome-shaped tomb, know that it

is the door of the place I speak of. (7) Anyone will

have leave to go where he pleases. (8) Each found his

things intact in the place where he left them. (9) Hewent off in the direction he came. (10) I do not belong

to the dwellers here as you imagine. (11) Sweep out

all these carriages before the train starts. (12) The only

plan I could think of was to go myself. (13) Both of

us are all but caught. (14) When you yourself see them

eating, you will allow that I am right. (15) One moreblemish may be put up with where there are a thousand

already.

i (1) Siwae iske ki turn naukari karo aur ko'i

surat nahin. (2) Jabtak ki ap meri istid'a na qabul

karenge pind na chhoriinga. (3) Jahantak hosake ifsha

is raz ka na hone pawe. (4) Malika ne pachas baras

se ziyada guzre honge ki julus farmaya. (5) Aisi jagahbaitho ki jahan se meri awaz ba-khubi kan pare. (6) Jahfin

turn bahut baras za'e' kar-chuke ho chand din aur sahi.

(7) Jab apne sir par an-bani chin bol-gaya. (8) Abhi

tare chhitake hue the ki woh apne ma'mul par namaz-i-

subh ke waste utha. (9) Ankh ka band hona tha ki wohek dusri dunya men tha. (10) Jo tohfa jahan kahin hathana amanat mere pas le-ana. (11) Pauch chha qadamna gaya hoga ki daf'atan awfiz ek admi ki nazdik se suni.

PART II. 23

(12) Usi jagah ja baitho jahan pahle main turn se do

char hua. (13) Ba'd iske ki main ne tere sath aisi neki

ki thi ab to bura'i kyun karne la gun. (14) Main ne qabliske ki woh kuchh shikayat kare ma-fi-zamir uska daryaft

kiya. (15) Usko ek hafta hua ki shikar khelne gayatha.

EXERCISE XXII.

(1) TJe* some external pressure be brought to

bear that he may drop legal proceedings. (2) Mycomrades determined to drown themselves in the sea

that they might escape such a cruel death. (3) Mybrothers held out inducements to the end that I might

journey in their company. (4) So much explanationsuffices to let you know that I am informed of your cir-

cumstances. (5) Keep your hand upon the child lest she

should start up in alarm during her sleep. (6) As this

verb is intransitive, the sign of the Agent is not used with

the Past tenses. (7) As you are fond of obliging me, I

feel sure you will not grudge me (help) in this matter

also. (8) You had better post a sentry here too, for this

ravine is, so to speak, the postern of the place. (9) I

cross-examined him because they say he was one of the

deceased man's intimates. (10) Do not take his part,for his criminality is unquestionable.

(1) Ajb kya hai ki fareb diya ho ta tujhko apne

se razi kare. (2) Azbaski meri taraf mukhabbiron ke

bayan se ko'i bat pa'i nahin ga'i lihaza talabi nahin hu'i.

(3) Udhar se tarikh-i-rawanagi likh-bhejna ta ki main

istiqbal ki tayyari'an bar-pa kar-dun. (4) Zarra, unka

24 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

munh nritha karo aisa na ho hamare mo'amalamen klialaldalen. (5) Chunk! yeh fe'l muta'addi hai to siga-i-mazimen 'alamat-i-fa'il zarur ati. (6) Tujhko apni khata ka

iqrar karna chahi'e kyunki bagair iqrar ki'e safa'i nahin

ho-sakti. (7) Is murad se tadaruk diya. chahi'e ki loguse dekhkar 'ibrat pakren. (8) Zaban sambhalkar bplo

kis li'e ki auron ki mazammat tumhare haqq men peshna ja'egi. (9) Usne lote ko hilaya ta daryaft ho usmen

kya chiz bhari hai. (10) Jo ki usne bachpan men

angrezi sikhi thori bahut maharat rakhta hoga.

EXEEC3SE XXIII.

i (1) Aristotle has written this proverb If a

single swallow appears, it is no proof that Spring has

come. (2) If you study with application, I warrant

you will be able to read (correctly) in four months. (3) I

will narrate my adventures if you wish to hear them.

(4) If it can be managed, the bridge will be ready to-

day. (5) If you value your life, act on my advice. (6) Ifhe escapes danger this year, he will have a long life. (7) I

will send the (missing) leaf if I find it. (8) Were youto see my condition at all hours, you would wonder howI keep alive. (9) If I have erred inadvertently, I hope

you will pardon my error. (10) Would that this sickman may be your brother Ganim.

(1) Sach puchhi'e to kah-dun ki woh ahmaqhai. (2) Bane to kahin iski na'lbandi karwa-dun.

(3) Jo turn khafa na ho to ukhri ukhri baton se kya garz.

(4) Agar tu chillaya to main tujhko mar hi dalunga.

PART II. 25

(5) Agar teri shadi in tanon men se jiske sath kar-dungadusre do naraz honge. (6) Apni 'izzat agar manzur hai

puch-bafi'on se baz a'o. (7) Mauqa' ho kal iski kasr

nikal-lunga. (8) Kya khub hai ki barsat shuru' ho.

(9) Kash mujhe rukhsat ri'ayati mil to ja'e. (10) Mera

bas chale to rishwat-sitani ka insidad tajwiz-hoga.

EXERCISE XXIV.

171 1 (1) If I had answered him back, he would nothave left me alive. (2) Had there been any necessity, Ishould have helped without your telling me. (3) Hadhe been familiar with this science, he would have easilysolved this problem. (4) If you had not arrived, I should

have been off long ago. (5) Had the earth opened, Iwould (gladly) have been swallowed up. (6) If this

garden had contained three things more, it would have

been unrivalled. (7) How well were it if this moneyhad been given to the needy ! (8) You ought to have

inspected the riding-school. (9) Would that all pos-sessed the discretion which God has given you !

(10) Would that before inviting (your friend) to dinner

you had asked (whether it was convenient) at home !

(1) Haisiyat se agar ham basar auqat karte to

yeh tihidasti hargiz na hoti. (2) Woh shikayat kar rahatha ki kash main paida hi na hua hota. (3) Mera bas

chalta to qimarbazi band kar-deta. (4) Usko itni firasat

kahan thi ki is ima ko samajh-leta. (5) Log usko chhura

na dete to main usko adh-mua kar-chuka hota (or tha).

(6) Tujhe chahi'e tha ki is nazuk waqt men meri ham-

26 TRANSLATION OF EXEECISES.

dardi karta. (7) Idhar se pesh-qadami hoti to udhar ki

fitrat khul-parti. (8) Hakim ka kaha manta to main nekab ka sharab ko chhor-diya hota. (9) Kash main is

phande men na phansta hota. (10) Khush to main tabhihota ki jab safa'i hoga'i hoti.

EXEECISE XXV.

i (1) Though these monkeys may not have the

gift of speech like men, yet they must be talking to-

gether in such language as they have. (2) Although all

tried to make him understand, he did not abandon his

opposition. (3) My brothers will never obtain such a

rarity as this, though they traverse the universe. (4) You

have no love or affection left for me, albeit I ara so

devoted to you. (5) Granted that thousands wander

about in search of employment without success, yet those

who have employment are men like yourself. (6) I am a

silly sucking babe, no doubt, but all the same I don't wish

anyone to interfere with my proceedings. (7) No matterin what circumstances a man is placed, he will derive

advantage from knowledge. (8) No matter how manycases are on the file, it is impossible but that they should

be decided on the appointed date. (9) Though it maybe four kos distant, an object will be as visible to you

by means of the telescope as if it were close at hand.

(10) Where a man's condition remains the same for

years, no matter how good and pleasant it may be, he

cannot help becoming discontented with it.

(1) Qarzdar harchand 'uzr karta raha ki yehdastawez ja'li hai, tahain harkar apne dastkhat se inkar

PART II. 27

na kar-saka. (2) Go ki turn mujhe nahin pahchante ho,

magar main tumko khub pahehanta him. (3) Kaisa hi

asan kam ko nau-amoz ko mushkil ma'lum hua karta hai

(4) Ba-wujudeki turn ne apne ta'in mardon ke bhes men

banaya hai, lekiu awaz se mujhe ma'lum hai ki turn

'aurat ho. (5) Mana ki insan ki tabi'aten mukhtalif

hoti hain, magar yeh kya sabab hai ki khandan men

muwafaqat na ho. (6) Agarchi larkon ki tarbiyat aur

tahzib la-budd hai, lekin namuna shart hai. (7) Main

to isko farokht nahiu karne ka, agarchi tu ab kitna hi

kuchh de. (8) Go ki woh qissa tul tawil hai magarbahut hi dilchasp hai. (9) Fauj ne agarchi is qadr

niehnat o jan-fishani ki fateh-yab nahin hu'i. (10) Mai-

noshi par marte ho, halanki yeh amr mahz khilaf-shar*

hai.

EXEECISE XXVI.

182, (1) Say 'Sir,' and 'Sir' will be said to you.(2) I gave you this very order, did I not ? (3) It is

easy for some folk to tell lies difficult for others.

(4) Having heard the application he remained silent,and gave no answer to the applicant one way or the

other. (5) Thousands of much better men than me are

knocking about (in search of employment) ; no one

notices them. (6) I looked for him in all directionsnot a trace was to be found. (7) I never even heard the

name of the place, to say nothing of having seen it.

(8) Well, I have enjoyed a sight of you please God, I

shall (soon) hear you speak too. (9) I did not printthese volumes at my own cost ; the publisher printed

28 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

them at his own risk. (10) The earth moves round the

sun, I allow. Why ' allow'

? Say, rather, it does move

(round the sun).

, (1) Ba'z log 'ilm-i-hikmat par fida hain

ba'zon ko riyazi ka ziyada shauq hai. (2) Mujhko batkarne ka bhi yara na tha hansne ka kya zikr. (3) Main

ne rukhsat ki darkhwast ki saf jawab mila. (4) Apne taj-mahall ~ko dekha hai na. (5) Ko'i kambakht

kiwar ke darzon men jhankta hai hushkardo. (6) Hamto sara jangal jhar-chuke kahin shikar ka surag na

mila. (7) Is men meri kya e'tiraz main ahbab kakhadim hun. (8) Main bhi bala ki sonewali thi

murdon se shart bandhkar soti. (9) Yahan ek akhbar

naya jari hone-wala bai uske do ishtehar is khatt ke

sath bhejta hun. (10) San 1282 hijri shuru' hue san

] 212 ki meri wiladat hai ab ke Rajab ke mahine se

sattarwan sal shuru' hoga.

EXERCISE XXVII.

t (1) What is right is one thing, and what one

wishes is another. (2) Nausea was no sooner felt

than irresistible death arrived. (3) What comparisonis there between Kaja Bhoj and the oilman Ganga ?

(4) Such a big business as this, and you not to know of

it ! (5) Look to your own insignificance before youabuse your superiors. (6) What need was there for him

to put in his word ? Then, too, he had no right to con-

tradict me. (7) There has been a terrible dacoity in this

village : accordingly the Tehsildar has come in person to

investigate. (8) He has asked for you, so you must go.

PART II. 29

(9) Write me word about Maulavi Fazl Haqq, as to whyhe was not released, and what his condition is in the

Island how he passes his life. (10) His Excellency

presented me with a watch ; well, it was of no use to me.

For four days I kept thinking I would return it, then

I thought he would be offended, so at last I retained it.

(1) Kahan turn mard aur kahan main 'aurat.

(2) Pahle woh aya tha phiryeh aya aur bhi ate honge.

(3) Mera beta aur chori karne qabil. (4) Is qadrmehnat aur dam nak men ana. (5) Kharif ka bira parhua phir rabi' ki khetiyan shuru' hu'in. (6) Turn ne itni

lakriyan thons-din ki hawa k?Ai guzar na hua phir bhi

turn puchhte ho ki ag kahe ko na jalti. (7) TJsko akela

chhorjaua maslahat nahin chunanchi tumhara uska sath

raha kare. (8) Pahli bazi ko sahib jita, aur dusri tisri

bazi maia ne pa'i sahib ko do bazi harne se malal hua.

(9) Sang-i-miqnatis men yeh khassiyat hoti ki lohe ko

jazb karta hai, aur jisqadr ki loha uske nazdik hota hai

usmen quwwat-i-jTizibah ziyada hoti jati. (10) Isi san-

gat ne tumko pet bharkar bigara hai pas ab pachhtatahun ki main ne tumko unke yahan kyun jane ki par-

wanagi di thi.

EXEECISE XXVHI.

(1) -^-re ^e an(i y u a^ enmity, or not?

(2) Either do your work, or be off. (3) Am I awake ordreaming? (4) I love the sons of Adam, be theyMusalman, Hindu, or Christian, and count them mybrethren. (5) Search as you will, no Musalman is to be

found in the city prince, pauper, or tradesman.

30 TRANSLATION OP EXERCISES.

(6) Neither is he satisfied with his pay, nor am I pleasedwith bis work. (7) Do not take fire from between two

men, or they will quarrel. (8) I did not get your first

letter, which you refer to in this, else I should have

answered it as a matter of course. (9) Neither the

Sultan nor the Czar did aught it was the cartridge, and

nothing else, that caused the Indian Mutiny. (10) His

temper was so bad before his illness, that his family

regarded him as an ogre. He no sooner set foot insidethe house than a panic fell upon all, small and great

alike, whereas now you may beat a drum over his head

and he does not mind.

0) Main ne ko'i qusur na to khuda ka kiyfihai aur na insan ka. (2) Ya to mera sath do ya chalte

phirte nazar a'o. (3) Saya men lota rakho nabin to

dudh bigrega. (4) Sara shahr chaho Hindu chaho Mu-

salman unke ifaqa ki du'a mangta hai. (5) Kya Maul-

vi'on ne fatwa diya hai ki Hindustan daru-1-harb hai ki

nahin. (6) Makan ke girwi-rakhne se kam nikle to

khair waraa bech-dalna. (7) Ek hafta huarnain ne jailse hath dhoya ya aj ap se ap uthkar mahfil men sha-

mil bun. (8) Hais bais men bun ki aya wilayat ja'un

ya garmi'on men pahar par charb-baithun. (9) Ayslturn ne apne ap se iqrar to kiya, ya kisi ne turnko ta'lim

di thi. (10) Kagaz to nibar-gaya, nahin to dil bahlane

ke waste aur bhi likhta.

EXERCISE XXIX.

C1) He said Do not put the people out of

heart; I don't care a fig if my own expenses are reduced,but do not bully my poorly paid employes. (2) All

PART II. 31

the rest of the chiefs are seated, but the Maharaja has

not yet arrived. (3) I can't think of a good man justnow but stay, the list of applicants is at hand some-

one or other suited to my ideas may turn up. (4) Thereis nothing wrong in taking money from your father

nay more, there is nothing wrong in asking for it his

money is really your own. (5) No one speaks of him bythe bare name of Hasan, but they call him KhwajaHasan. (6) Black indeed ! why, he is, so to say, an up-

turned griddle ! (7) You were very ill, but now yourcounlenance shows that this is a thing of the past.

(8) The horse lashed out again and again, but no one

was kicked. (9) This is not a dog you keep but a money-

changer. (10) All the girls were poor in comparisonwith the Begam, but, compared with each other, one was

well-of, another middling, another very poor.

2OO. (1) Tumhara chain balki hifazat is men mun-hasar hai ki turn unki sohbat se dast-kash ho. (2) Der

tak meri uski baham mushawarat hui, to bhi is fasad ke

bara men kuchh tadbir na ban-pari. (3) Aisi ko'ikitab dastyab nahin magar han sarkari kutb-khana

men ka'i ek sarf-nahw ki kitaben maujud hain irshadho manga-bhejun. (4) Main ne bahut koshish ki

dhaga to nake ke munh men a a-jata tha magar piroyana gay a. (5) Ap ne 'elaj kya kamal hi kiya hai.

(6) Galat-fehmi kya ma'ni balki saf bat yehi hai ki turn

ne jan-bujh-kar 'udul-hukmi kar to di. (7) Na main

parhunga aur na tu parhega balki jis ki bari hogi.

(8) Zehin kya yun kahi'e ki pet men darhi hai. (9) Hamlog to khair sara shahr unki aniad ka mushtaq hai.

(10) Lakh ko'i kahe magar sab se ziyada apni jan har

ek ko pyari hoti hai.

32 TRANSLATION OP PASSAGES

TRANSLATION OF SELECTEDPASSAGES IN PART III.

SECTION I.

Ek murg bhuk se be-tab hokar dana ki just-ju menkure ke anbar ko kurid-raha tha bahut der ke ba'd

nagah ek besh-qimat moti nikla moti ko dekhkar murgne dard o hasrat ke sath ah ki aur kaha afsos meri bad-

qismati itni jankahi ke ba'd mujhko mila bhi to moti jisse na mere dil ko tashaffi hosakti hai aur na meri bhuk

ko taskin yeh moti agar kisi jauhari ya daulatmand ko

milta to woh iski qadr karta aur isko 'aziz rakhta lekin

mere li'e aisi bhuk men jowar ka ek dana aise aise lakh

moti'on se bahut behtar tha.

2,

Ek sust admi se kisi ne puchha ki tumhari ankh tosubh ko savere khulti hai lekin itne din charhe tak

bichhone men pare pare kya kiya karte ho usne jawab

diya ki main ek bara pechdar muqaddama faisala kiyakarta hun jab men ankh khulti hai to do shakhs mere

pas ate hain ek ka nam chalaki hai aur dusre ka namsusti woh shakhs jiska nam chalaki hai mujhse kahta

IN PART III. 33

hai ki jald uthkar dunya ke kar o bar men masruf hona

zarur hai iske jawab uien woh dusra shakhs jiska nam

susti hai kahta hai ki abhi uthna kuchh zarur nahin

dunya ke kain ke waste tamam din para hai yeh khunuki

ka waqt aram ke waste hai garz bahut der tak yehdemon mukhalif ek dusre ko qa'il ma'qulkarte rahte hain

aurmain donon men panchayat kiya karta hun turn hi

insaf karo ki aisa mushkil muqaddama kyunkar jaldfaisala hosakta. hai.

3,

Ek pir-mard aur uska beta donon safar men the aurek tattu sath tha tattu par orhna bichhona ladte aur

donon bap-bete pa'on pa'on chalte logon ne dekha aur

kaha dekho yeh donon kaise ahmaq hain tattu ko kotal

rakhte hain aur khud taklit' uthate hain yeh sunkar pir-mard khud tattu par sowar ho-liya tab phir logon ne

kaha dekho be-rahm bap ko Tip to maze men tattu parsowar hai aur beta pa'on pa'on pichhe ghisatta hua

chala ata hai tab pir-mard tattu par se utar-para aur

bete ko sowar kar-diya phir bhi logon ne kaha dekho be-

adab aulad ko buddha bap to pa'on pa'on chalta hai aur

khud be-haya hatta-katta jawan sowar hai tab buddha

tattu par age sowar hua aur bete ko apne pichhe bitha-

diya tab bhi logon ne kaha ma'lum hota hai tattu mangeka hai asbab ke 'alawa do admi lad-li'e hain inko bhi

kuchh tars nahin ata.

4,

Sher aur richh aur chita aur bheriya charon shikar ki

just-ju men the sab ne salah ki ki a'o charon milkar

darya ki tara'i men chalen aur shikar karen jo shikar

3

34 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

milega charon milkar barabar hissa bant-lenge - ittifaqan

nilgae ko mara aur ba-mujib qaul o qarar ke char hisse

ki'e qarib tha ki har ek apna apna hissa le itne

men sher bola suno bha'i yeh ek hissa to ba-mujib'ahd o paiman ke mera hai aur dusre hissa ka main is

waste da'widar hun ki main jangal ka badshah hun kahin

shikar ho mujhko chaharam ba-taur khiraj ke milta hai

aur tisra hissa main is wajh se lunga ki us men dil o jigarhai jisko turn jante ho ki meri giza hai raha chautha hissa

so main nahin janta turn tinon men usko kyunkar taqsimkarun is se behtar hai ki usko bhi apne hi sarf men

la'un yeh kahkar sher charon hisse chat-kar-gaya aur

sab ke sab munh dekhte ke dekhte rah-ga'e.

5.

Ek murg darakht ki dal par baitha hua khuslii ki

halat men azan par azan de-raha tha ek billi ne

usko dekha aur chaha ki kisi dhab se niche utarkar

uska kam tamain kare billi ne be-takalluf hokar murgse sahib-salamat ki aur kahne lagi ki miyan rnurge kyaturn ne manadi nahin suni murg ne kaha kaisi manadi

billi ne kaha aha tumko abtak khabar nahin das din se

barabar panchayat ho-rahi thi dunya bhar ke janwar cha-

rand parand jam' the sab ne qaul o qasam kiya ki

ayanda do ko'i janwar kisi par zulm na kare aur na kisi

ko sita'e sab amn o chain se zist karen is qaul o qasam kaek mahzar bankar sab janwaron ke dastkhatt hu'e bad-

shah ya'ni sher ke darbar men woh mahzar parha-gayamurg ne kaha ki subhana'1-lah bari khushi ki bat hai aur

bara khadsha daf hua isi darmiyan men murg apni

gardan ko daraz karke is tarah kurkuraya ki goya ko'i

khaufnak chiz nazar pari billi ne puchba khair to hai kyadekhkar dare murg ne jawab diya kuchh nahin do shi-

IN PART III. 35

kari kutte daure chale ate hain yeh suiikar billi dura

daba chalne lagi mure: ne kab.fl kyun bi gurba khanamkahjin tashrif li'e jate ho ab to amn-chain ka waqt hai

billi ne kaha sach hai lekin kva ma'lum ki in kutton ne

bhi manadi ko suna hai ya nahin shayad tumhari tarah

abtak be-khabar hon.

6.

Ek dehati garib admi ne chhatt >n men se shahad jam'kiya aur ek ghare men bharkar shahr ki taraf bechne kole-chala rah men tanha tha dil hi dil men baten karta

jata tha is ne yeh khayali mansuba bandha ki is shahad

ko bechkar murgi ka jora lun aur jab murgi pure ba'is

ande de to us se bachche nikalwa'un aur jab bachche bare

hon aur sab ande dene lagen to sab ko andon par bithata

ja'un isi tarah sau murgiyan jam' karke bechun aur bak-

riyon ka rewar palun phir bakriyon se barhate barhate

ga'en aur bhainsen palun aur isi tarah bara admi ho-ja'iAin

kisi amir ke ghar byah karun aulad ho bete ke waste dar-

waza par ustad naukar rakhun ate jate larke ko pukar

pukar parhta hua dekhun aur khush hokar larke ko godmen utha-lun larke ko uthane ke khayal men uska sir

jhuk-gaya aur shahad ka ghara girkar tut-gaya aur sab

aude bachche bakri gae bhains bibi larka ustad kunbe ka

kunba usi shahad men bah-gaya.

7,

Ek garib aur munis admi thore dinon men amir-kabir

bangaya jis kam men hath dalta naf' hota jo tijaratkarta fa'ida milta to woh shakhs logon men apni dauish-

mandi aur tadbir ki ta'rif karta ki yeh daulat main ne

apni 'aql ke zor se paida kiya hai fulane sal main ne

3 *

36 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

ru'i kharidi aurmainne samajh-liya ki mulk Amerika men

lara'i shuru' hogi aur tab ru'i bahut giran bo-ja'egi chii-

nanchi jaisa main lie socha tha waisa hi hua fulan ga'on

jab main ne mol liya to usmen bar sal khasara hota tha

main ne aisa intizam kiya ki ab hazaron. rupaya ki bachat

hoti hai Batesur ke mele men das bachhere main ne mol

li'e aur log unko giran ankte the main ne Eajwara men

chaugune damon par farokht ki'e aur isi tarah ki hazaron

misalen logon ke rubaru bayan kiya karia tha-chand

roz ke ba'd zamana ki gardish aur bad-iqbali ne usko

ghera do baras men khali hath rah-gaya makan girneshuru' hii'e kirayadaron ne kiraya ki ek kauri na di ga'on

men pani na barsa aur kuchh anaj paida na hua gA,ebhains ghora unt sab ke sab aisi waba a'i ki faint ho-ga'e

ghar men ag lagi tainam asbab jalkar khak hogaya naqd

jo tha chori hogaya to woh shakhs qismat ko bura

kahta qismat ne apni bura'i sunkar us se kaha ki o na-

shukr bad-zat jitiii behtari thi woh to apni 'aql aur tadbir

ki taraf mansub kartA. tha aur jis qadr bura'i hai tnujh-ko lasrata hai.

8.

Ek musafir ko bayaban men zor ki bhuk ma'lum hu'idekha to ek khajur ke darakht men lal lal khajuren lag-rahi hain yeh shakhs rassi ki anti pa'on men laga da-

rakht par charh-gaya, jab choti par pahuncha to anti

pa'on se nikal zamin par gir-pari yeh hai dekhkar iske

hath pa'on phul-ga'e aur khajuren torni bhul-gayjl bahu-

tera chillaya madd-i-nazar tak adam-zad ka pata na tha

ab to is shakhs ko apne marne ka yaqin hua ki anti

hai nahin jiske sabare se utrunga ko'i admi nazar nahin

ata jo kuchh meri madad karega kabtak khajur se liptfi-

IN PART III. 37

rahunga ko'i dam jata hai ki gira aur chikna-chur huaaisi na-ummedi ki halat men is ne mannat mani ki -cigarmain salamat zauiin par pahunchun to gbar pahuuchkaruntni khuda ke nam halal karun yeh kahkar ahista

ahista darakht se khisalna shui-u' kiya adhi dur tak

maze men utar-aya tab to iski niyat badli aur socha ki

untni gabhin hai iska halal karna thik nahin bhains

zabh karunga phir thori dur aur khisla aur yeh socha

ki bhains dudh deti hai iske halal karne men bhi nuqsauhai bakri ko be-shakk zabh karuiiga yahan tak ki zamin

se thori dur raha to bakri ka irada bhi faskh kiya aur

socha ki hakri do ser dudh ki hai har chhate mahme tin

bachche deti hai phir aisi bakri milni mushkil hogi aur

matlab to jsin qurban karne se hai murgi kafi hai

zamin par utar-kar murgi ka Lilacb aya aur kahue laga ki

khuda se bad-'ahdi buri bat hai main ne khuda ki rah

men ek jan dene ka wa'da kiya so jan to zarur deni

chahi'e shailan ne salah di ki nefe se jun pakar aur

mannat ad a kar is ne jhat jun nikal chat-mar-di aur

woh untni jo khajur ki choti par thi pahle bhains phirbakri phir murgi phir juu bankar khuda ki rah men hala.1

hii'i.

9.

Ek martaba hath pa'on munh zaban dant halq tamam

a'za pet j-e jo inka badshah hai bagi hoga'e aur sab ne ba-

khudha salah ki ki dekho ham sab ke sab rat din isi

ki khidmat men lage rahte hain aur yeh pet be-sabab

hamko apni golami men rakhta hai hath ne kahsi main

pet ke waste kam karte karte thak-gaya kabhi mujhko petke \vaste lakriyan chirni parti hain kabhi iske waste bojh

uthana parta hai pa'on ne kaha pet ke waste daurte

daurte main 'ajiz a-gaya munh ne kaha pet ne mujhko

38 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

apni chakki bana-rakha hai garz isi tarah bar ek 'azw

pet se shaki hua aur sab ne yeh 'ahd kiya ki 'ayanda ko

pet ki khidinat na karenge jab yeh tamam lashkar petse inunharif hua to pet ko har tarah ki taklif hone lagi

pyas ma'lum hu'i to hath paui lene ko nahin hilta pa'on

gharonchi tak nahin chalta bhuk lagi to hath roti naiiin

torta munh laqma nahin leta tab pet ne bhi sab lashkarki tankhwahen aur jagiren mauquf aur zabt kin khun ka

ratib band kiya aur bagion ka lashkar bhukon marne lagahar ek sipahi kamzor hogaya akhir ko majbur hokar

tamam a'za ne pet ke huzur men hazir hokar khata mo'af

kara'i aur ba-dastur-i-sabiq pet ki khidinat karni qabul

ki.

to,

Ek kachhwe ko safar darpesh tha is ki just-ju hu'i kiko'i sathi mile to safar karun ittifaq se ek khargosh bhi

usi taraf ko janewala tha kachhwe ne kaha ki miyan

khargosh 510 ham turn sath chalen khargosh be-ikhtiyarhansa aur kaha abe ahmaq kahan tu bhadda phappas reng

reng-kar paharon men ek balisht zamin chalta. hai aur

kahan main bijli ki manind lapakta hun hawa ki tarah

urta hun bhala mera tera kya sath kachhwe ne kaha

yeh sahih magar nianzil par khuda ne chaha ap se age hi

pihunchunga yaqin na ho to shart bandh-liji'e chunan-

chi yeh shart hu'i ki jo hare uske kan kate ja'en kachh-

wa ahista ahista apni chal chalne laga khargosh do chha-

langon men nazar se ga'ib hogaya thori dur age j/ikar

khargosh ne socha ki jitna main chal-chuka hun sham tak

kachhwe ko yahanana mushkil hai main jaldi kyun karun

la'o so-rahun khargosh aram se so-raha kachhwa bari rler

ke ba'd gbisatta ghisatta aya dekha to harif sota hai chupke

chal-diya bari rat ga'e khargosh jaga to kacliwa nazar na

IN PART III. tf

aya ap hi ap kahne laga allah re sust-qadam niiy an kacbh-

we abtak tashrif nahiu la'e khair chalen sara'i men rat ko

raheii kal to miyan kachhwe a hi ja'enge jaun sara'i

men qadain rakha dekha to kacbhwa maujud khargoshko dekhte hi kachhwa bola ki la'iye hazrat kan khargosh

dum dabakar aisa bhaga ki aj tak kanon ke dar ke mare

bhaga bhaga phirta hai.

11,

Aftab aur hawa men ek martaba bahs ho-pari har ek

apne ta'in zabardast kahta tha hawa ne kaha. main bare

bare darakht aur 'alishan makan balki pahar ukharkar

phenk-deti hun jahaz dubo-deti hun andhi bankar din

ko rat bana-deti hun jis din zarra phurahri Km dunya ketamam kam band kar-dun aftab ne kaha meri taish ke

age ko'i nahin thair sakta pahar jalne lagte hain lakhon

man barf pigalkar pani hojata hai samundar khaulne

lagtii hai jo mera. muqabala karta hai uska munh hi to

jhulas-deta hun akhir ko yell qarar paya ki a'o donon ek

khass cbiz par zor-azma'i karen ek musafir be-chara ki

shamat a'i yeh garib lubada orhe chala jatatha yeh shart

hu'i ki dekhen iska lubada kaun utrwa-sakta hai hawa

ne tezi shuru' ki aur lubada men bharkar musafir ko le-

uri lekin musafir ne lubada khiib har taraf se lapet-liya

phir aftab ne ahistaci ke sath dhup nikali to mu-

safir ne thori der men lubada utar-phenka aur maidan

aftab ke hath raha.

12,

Ek bheriya aur lomri aur gadha tinon baithe hu'e

apas men baten karte the dunya ki na-pa'fdari ka taz-kira tha akhir sab ne yeh salah ki ki chalo fulane bu-

zurg ke mazar par apne apne gunahon ka iqrar karke

40 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

tauba karen jangal men kisi kamil ka maqbaratha tinonwahan ga'e aur bar ek ne apne gunah bayan karne shuru'

ki'e bheriye ne kaha hae meri magfirat kyunkar hogimain ne to ek zulm aisa kiya hai ki jab mujhko yad-atahai mere rungte khare ho-jate hain ek kambakht bakri

ke char bachche the woh bakri in bachchon ko chhorkar

apna pet bharne ke li'e logon ke gharon men phira kartithi bakri ki yeh be-rahmi ki woh bachchon ki khabarnahin leti mujhko na-pasand hu'i aur main ne bakri ko

mardala phir main ne socha ki ab yeh bachche be make akhir ko mar-ja'enge nahaqq kyun musibat utha'en

khuda 'alim hai sirf isi kbayal se main ne unko bhi kha-

liya yeh kahkar bheriya rone laga.

13.

Lomri ne kaha ae mere nek-mizaj aur narmdil dost mat

ro aur mat afsos kar harchand tu ne bakri aur uske

bachchon ko mara lekin khuda to niyat ko dekhta hai

donon martaba teri niyat men bhala'i thi bakri to wajibu-1-qatl thi is waste ki bachchon ki parwarish nahiu karti

thi aur bachchon ke marne men bhi main khub janti huntera kuchh apna matlab na tha tu ne unko yatimi aur

be-madari ke 'azab se najat di aur tujhko be shakk sawab

ki ummed rakhni chahi'e phir lomri ne kaha mushkil to

mujh kam-nasib ki hai dekhi'e qiyamat men mera kyahai hoga aur kyunkar main bakhshi-ja'ungi main ne to

woh kam kiya hai ki duzakhbhi mujhse panah mangegiek shahhs ke ghar men bahut murgiyan pali hu'i thin

har waqt yeh kambakht apas men lara karte aur

chikhte aur gul machate tamam hamsayon ka dam nakmen tha na sirf darba balki tamam mahalla in murgiyonne najis kar-diysi tha jehan dekho bit jidhar jao gandagi

IN PART III. 41

aur yeh niurg aise na-hamwar the mahalla-walon ke bar-

tanon men psiui pite the roz faryad hu'a karti thi ma-halla-walon ki yeh musibat sunte sunte mera kalej a pak-utha tha - ek roz mujhse zabt na ho-saka aur main ue darba

men jakar sab ko chir-phar safa-chat kar-dala yeh kah-kar lomri be-tahasha rone lagi. Bheri'e ne sunkar kaha

ae nek-bakht bibi kyiin itua roti hai ismeu to tera kuchh

bhi qusur nahin woh inurg sab ke sab isi saza ke la'iqthe tu ne unko markar aisa sawab kamaya hai ki be-hisab

jannat men chali ja'egi.

14.

Phir lomri aur bheri'e ue kaha ki miyan gadhe turn l.hi

apni khatzi bayan karo gadhe ne kaha na mere panje ki

kisi ko pharun aur na mere dant ki kisi ko katun 'umr

bhar men mujhse do qusur hue ek to yeh ki ek din main

bahut bhuka tha aur mujhpar ghas ladi hu'i thi main ne

malik ki be-ijazat thori ghas nikalkar kha-li dusre ek

roz main chala jata tha larke mujhko nahaqq sitane lagemain ne ek larke ki taraf du-latti chala'i magar kisi ke

lagi nahin lekiii main phir bhi gunah ka iqrar karta

hun bheriya bola o badzat aise bare bare ikhatte do do

gunah aur tu ummedwar bakhshish ka hai tu ne malik ke

mal men khiyanat karke ghas kha-li jis se nahin ma'lum

kitne jauwar bhuke mare aur tu ne larke par du-latti

chala'i agar woh larka mar-jjita to ek jan ka ziyan huatha

uske mabap aur 'aziz o aqarib kunbe ka kunba uske

gam. men halak hota lomri ne kaha waqi' men

aisi khata'on ki mo'afi uahin ho-sakti main ne aj tak

aisi bat nahin suni thi yeh gadha sirf gunahgar nahin

hai balki kafir-ni'aniat kha'in safl'ak-i-bebak hone ki wajhse waj ibu-1-qatl hai yeh kahkar bheriya aur lomri gadhe

ko lipat-ga'e aur phar-dala.

42 TRANSLATION OP PASSAGES

SECTION II.

1.

Zamana sabiq men ahl-i-farang ko Hindustan menane ke H'e samundar ka rasta ma'lum na tha yahan ki

tijarat sirf Iran 'Arab Misr aur Chin-walon ke sath hua

karti thi log apne jahaz khalij-i-'Arab aur Bangala tak

chalaya karte samundar ko bahr-i-be-kinar jaiikar un

khalijon se qadam bahar nahin dharte phir yeh to kab

unki himmat ho-sakti ki bahr-i-Hind se barhkar Afrika

ki magrabi taraf balir-i-Atlantik men pahunchte magar

jo chizen ki Hindustan se jahazon par Misr aur Basra

ko jati thin aur wahan se khushki ki rah Farangistaumen a'i thin un chizon men itna naf hota, tha ki ahl-i-

farang yahan ki rah-i-rast talash karne men bare sargarmrahte the ko'i yeh sochkar ki zamin ba-shakl-i-kura hai

apna jahaz sidha magrab ko chalata aur Amerika ke

kinare se jakar ruk-jata ko'i yeh samajhkar ki zamin

ki cbaron taraf pani hai kinare kinare shimal ko le-jataaur bahr-i-shimali ke jame hue barf men phans-rahtaaur ko'i is khayal se ki Hindustan Afrika ke mashriqmen waqi' hai uske gird ghumne ko nikalta aur adhi dur

Jake mare tufan ke pichhe mur-ata aur us jagah ka nara

Ras-tufan rakhtsl yahan tak ki san 1497 'iswi men Por-

tugal ke badshah Emmanuel ne Vasco da Gama ko tin

jahaz dekar janubki rah Hindustan ke jane kahukm kiyachunanchi us ne na kuchh tufan ka khayal kiya aur

na Ras-tufan ka chalte chalte gyara mahine ke 'arse men

Afrika ke gird ho Malebar ke kinare Kallikot men a Ian-

gar dala.

IN PART III. 43

2,

Portugal-walon ki dekba-dekhi Dach aur Farasis bhi

apne jahaz idhar lane lage phir yeh kab ho-sakta tha ki

Angrez chiip-chap baithe rahen san 1599 'iswi men

London ke chand tajiron ne bahara shirkat karke tis

lakh riipaya ka sarmaya jam' kiya aur malika Elizabeth

se jo us zamana men wahanki farman-rawa thi is mazmunki ek sanad le-li ki pandra baras tak bagair unki ijazatke ko'i dusra hamwatan admi bilad-i-sharqi men tijaratna karne pawe aisi shirkat ko angrezi men Companykahte hain isi li'e un sharikon ka nTim East India Com-

pany par-gaya jo jalsa un shuraka, ka sih-mahiwar sal

men char daf'a hua karta tha woh Court of Proprietorsya'ni malikon ki kachahri kahlata tha is jalsa men joshakhs ki panch hazjir rupaya ya us se ziyada ka hissadar

tha woh mujaz rae dene ka mutasawwar hota tha aur

ikhtiyar waz' karne a'in aur qanun aur taqsim-i-naf ka

bhi inhin logon ko hasil tha bahVi intizam ke waste yeh

log apne darmiyan se jo chaubis adrni niuqarrar kar-

dete the unka, laqab Court of Directors ya'ni nazimon ki

kachahri tha. aur jo sharik bis hazar se kam ka hissadstr

tha woh khidmat-i-Directory ke li'e muntakhab nahin ho-

sakta thii aur is Court ka mir-majlis ko Chairman kahte

the.

Hindustan men hote hote tin ehata, hoga'e jo KalkattaBomba'i Mandras ke nam se mashhur hain aur tinon menek ek President ya'ni peshwa apni apni Council samet rahne

lage us waqt sarkar Company ke mulazimon ke kull

char darje the ek mutasaddi jo panch baras tak Hindu-

stan men rahte the dusre factors ya'ni kothi-wale jinki

muddat-i-qiyam ptmch baras se ath baras tak thi tisre

chhote saudagar jinki muddat-i-qiyam ath baras se gyarabaras tak thi chauthe bare saudagar jinko gyara baras

44 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

se ziyada bud o bash thi inhin bare saudagaron ke

purane sahib muntakhab hokar Council ke Member hua

karte the.

3,

San 1715 'iswi men Kalkatta ke President ne kuchh

tohfa taha'if dekar do Factor ko ba-taur elchion ke

Farrukhsiyar ke darbar men bheja us zarnana men bad-

shah ki tabi'at sakht 'alii thi lekin jab husn-i-ittifaqse badshah Doctor Hamilton ke mo'alaja se jo ham-

rah un safiron ke gaya tha changa hogaya. to farmayaki in'am to rnang jo mslngega munh manga pawegais ne apne li'e kuchh nahin manga lekin 'arz kiya ki agar

jehan-panah manzur karen to Company ko Bangala menarthtis ga'on ki zamindari kharidiie ki ijazat mile aur jo

jo mal Company ksl rawa,na hua, kare uske mahsul ke li'e

talsishi se mo'af rahe sach pvichho to Doctor Hamilton

ne bari 'A,li-himmati ka kitm kiya ki apne hi fa'ida se

apne mulk-walon ka fa'ida muqaddam samjha un dinonmen Hindustan se chint aur suti kapra Inglistiln ko

bahut jaya kartA, tba chvmanchi angrezon ka us waqt yehmatlab tha ki Kalkatta ke gird-nawah zamindari leke is

IN PART III. 45

4,

Phir Sirajuddaula ne zabani ek qasid ke angrezon se

yeh kahla-bheja ki turn qil'a ki uiazbuti mat karo is

bat par angrezon ne kuchh tawajjoh na ki tab Sirajud-daula ka khun josh men aya aur gusse ho pahle to Qasim-bazar ki kothi zabt kar-li aur ba'd uske Kalkatta ke qil'a

men ja ghera ittifaqaii us waqt qil'a men sau gore

sipahi bhi maujud nathe qil'a ke bachue ki ko'i ummedna rahi bahut se angrez mayus hokar Governor Drake

ke sath jahaz aur kishtiyon par sowar hokar chale ga'e

jo bechare qil'a men rah-gae the diisre din nawwab ki faujke hath giriftar hu'e jab unke at'sar Holwell sahib ko

mushken baudhkar Sirajuddaula ke rubaru hazir la'e tab

usne fauran uski mushken khulwa-din aur kaha ki turn sab

khfitir-jam' rakho tumhara. kuchh zarar na hoga lekin

rat ko jab qaidion ke rahne ke li'e ko'imakan na mila tab

Sirsijuddaula ke admion ne 146 angrezon ko ekkothri men

jo sirf 18 foot tul aur 14 foot 'arz men thi band kar-diyais kothri ko angrezi zaban men Black Hole ya'ni kala

bil kahte hain jo kuchh un qaidion ki jan par guzra wohi

jaiite honge bahutere zakhmi the bahutere sharab ke

nasha men garmi ki shiddat thi pyas be-qiyas thi subh

ko jab darwaza khula to un men se sirf 23 zinda nikle

magar unki suraten murdon se bhi badtar thin.

5.

Glive tin hazar admi aur nau zarb-top lekar Kalkatta

se rawana hua aur udhar se Sirajuddaula ma' chalis

pachas Farasison ke ba-jarni'at pachas hazar sowar

aur paidal aur top-khana ke jis men chalis se ziyadatopen thin Palasi tak a pahuncha 23 May san 1757

4G TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

'iswi ko usi jagah lara'i hu'i - pahle to Sirajuddaula ne

apni pagri Mir Ja'far ke qadamon par rakh-di aur kahaki ap darguzar farma'iye us ne yehi salah di ki kal parlara'i mauquf rakhi'e fauj ko pichhe hata-liji'e aur Rai

Dullabh Diwan ne bhi yeh 'arz kiya ki huzur ka Murshid-abad hi tashrif le-chalna behtar hai -fauj ka pichhe hatna.

tha aur angrezon ka chiton ki tarah hiranon par lapaknanawwab ki fauj bhagi aur Company ki fauj chha mil tak

barabar ta'aqqub ki'e chali a'i isi fateh-jang Palasi se

g-oya angrezi 'amaldtlri ki bunyad Hindustan men qa'imhu'i phirto Sirajuddaula ke panon Murshidabad menbhi na jame bharosa to use kisi ka tha hi nahin aur

bharosa use tab ho-sakta ki jab usne kisi ke sath bhala'i

ki hoti nachar ek begain aur ek khwaja-sara. ke sathwahan

se bhaga lekin jab Rajmahal ke nazdik pahuncha use ek

faqir ne jiske kisi zamana men usne nak kan katwa-dale

the pahchan-liya aur fauran uski khabar wahan ke hakim

ge jo Mir Ja'far kfi bha'i tha kar-di us hakim ne nawwab

ko mushken bandhkar Murshidabad bhej-diya Mir Ja'far

ko to khair nawwab ke hal par kisi qadr rahm bhi ayalekin uska beta Miran nira patthar tha Lagair apne bapke ittila' ki'e use qatl karwa-dala.

6.

Is zamana men Haidar 'All Maisur ka farmaii-rawa

tha is ka bap nawwab Sira ki riyasat men rutba-i-

piyadagi se mansab-i-faujdari par pahunch-gaya tha. aur

yeh khud Maisur ke Diwan ki fauj men rahte rahte aur

shuja'at aur mardanagi ka kam karte karte aisa barha ki

wahan ke Raja ke li'e to pension muqarrar kar-di aur aptamam mulk ka malik ban-baithaaur Bidnaur mendafina

pakar charou taraf apni 'amaldari ko barhane laga san

IN PART III. 47

1767 'iswi men Nizam 'Ali ne Maisur par charha'i ki

angrezi fauj bhi 'ahd ke muwafiq uska sath di Haidar to

isi fauj se maidan men shikast khiikar subahdar se akarmil-gaya phir in donon ne muttafiq hokar sattar bazar

fauj se angrezon ka muqabala kiya lekin angrezon ne

barah hazar fauj se un sab ko shikast di aur 64 zarb topennnki ohhin lin ba'd iske Nizam 'Ali ne to kuchh de dila-

kar angrezon se phir sulh kar-li aur Haidar 'Ali ba-dastur

mutawatir lara'iyan larta raha in lara'iyon men kabhiuska kuchh nuqsan hojata aur kabhi angrezon ka yahantak ki san 1768 'iswi men Haidar 'Ali ne bhi angrezon sesulh ki tarafain ne jisne jiske 'alaqa le-li'e the woh sab

wapas kar-di'e aur donon ne babam apni apni hifazat ke

H'e mo'awanat-i-ham-digar ka 'ahd o paiman kar-liya.

7,

Majbiir hokar Tipu ne sarkar Company se sulh kar-li

thi kya 'ajb ki atish-i-'adawat uske sine men bharak-rahiGovernor-General ko sabit hua ki Tipu Farasison ke

sath khatt-kitabat rakhta hai aur un se fikr talab karne

madad ki karta hai bara zabardast hakim to lha bat

ki bat men Madras men faraham hone fauj ka hukm diyaaur Tipu ko likh-bheja ki ya to Malebar ki taraf kinare

samundar ke sab 'alaqa ko hawala karke farahami fauj ka

kharcha chukado aur ayanda ko is mazmun ka 'ahdnama

likh-do ki Fantsison se kabhi kisi tarah ka kuchh sarokar

na rakhenge aur jitne Farasis tumhari 'amaldari men

rahte hon unko fauran apne yahan se nikaldo aur sarkari

Resident ko qabul karo ya sarkar Company ko apna dush-

man samjho jab Tipu ki taraf se iska kuchh jawab na

aya to Madras aur Bombay donon janib se angrezi faujue Maisur par cliarha'i ki nawwab Haidarabad ki fauj

48 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

bhi is mohimm men hamrah-i-sarkar thi lekin MabarajSendhia ke warglanne se Pesbwa sharik-i-imdad na Ima

jab Shrirangpatan bis kos rah-gaya wahan angrezon ki

fauj se aur Tipu se muqabala hua aur Tipu shikastkhakar

pichhe ko hata.

8,

Phir yeh socli-kar ki angrezi fauj usi rah se jis se pesh-

tar a'i thi ab bhi awegi bilkull ghas sarnan-i-rasad wagaira

nist o nabud karta chala gaya lekin jab suna ki Angrez is

rah se iiahin a'e dusri rah ikhtiyar ki uska dil aur bhi

raha saha tut-gaya aur apne sipahiyon se kahne laga ki ab

mere din an pahunche unhon lie jawab diya ki jahan apka pasina girega wahau hamara khun girega bila tawaqquf

angrezon ne jakar Shrirangpatan ka muhasara kiyanawwab ki fauj to tamasha dekhti rahi Governor- General

khud ba-zat-i-khass musta'idd-i-karzar hu'e aur chauthi

May san 1799 'iswi ko nishan augrezi qil'a par nasab kar-

diya Tipu ki sirf lash mili aur larke uske hazir hu'e

929 zarb top aur ek lakh banduq ma' saz o saman ke

aur qarib ek karor ek lakh rupaya ke naqd aur jawahir

angrezon ke hath laga agarchi qa'ida ke ba-mujib Tipu

ka sara mulk chahi'e tha ki sarkar aur nawwab ke darmi-

yan munqasim ho-jata lekin Governor- General ne Nizam

ke 'amaldari ko barhana munasib na jankarkuchh to Tipu

ke 'alaqa men se apas men taqsim kiya aur Maisur ka

qadimi Eaja jise Haidar 'Ali ne be-dakhl kiya tha uske

waris ko baqi 'alaqa sipurd kar-diya aur yeh iqrar kara-

liya ki ayanda ko hifazat ke li'e fauj sarkari us men raha

kare aur sat lakh rupaya salana kharch ada hu'a kare aur

jab zarurat pare to mulk ka intizam bhi sarkar apne taur

par farmawe.

IN PART III. 49

9.

Sendhia ne chaha ki Gohad ko wahfm ke Rana se iekar

apne 'alaqa men milsi'e lekin chunk! us Rana ka 'ahdnama

sarkar Company se hogaya tha is li'e us ne Company se

madad ki darkhwast ki aur Kaplan Popham jo thori si

fauj li'e hu'e General Goddard ke lashkar men shamil

hone ko jata tha usne ba-mujarrad pahunchne hukm-i-

sarkar ke Marhaton ko Gohad se nikal-diya aur phirunke qil'a Lahar ko fateh karke Grwaliyar ke qil'a ka

ja muhasara kiya yeh qil'a khare pahar par aisi maz-

V)uti aur istehkam se bana hua hai ki wahaii ke log

samjhe hu'e hain ki agar das admi bhi qil'a men sirt'

patthar dhalka-diya, karen ko'i dnshman hamla karke

nahin le-sakt;\ chahe woh lakhon fauj kyun na lawe aur

ab to Sendhia ke ek hazar sipahi chune hu'e ma' sab

saman-i-harb o zarb ke maujud the Popham hairan tha

ki kis dhab se us pahar par charhe ki husn-ittifaq se ek

chor use aisa milgaya, ki jo qil'a men chori karne ke li'e

ek chhipi hu'i pagdaudi se jaya karta tha isi rah se

dusre din subh ko Kaptan sahib age ap aur pichhe

fauj sirhiyan laga rassiyan latka khontiyan gar ghas

jhariyan pakar nahin ma'lum admi hain ya bandar

sab ke sab bat ki bat men pahar par charh diwar par

phand qil'a ke andar ja ghuse Marhaton ne jo yakayak

apne bistaron se uthkar dushman ko ajal ki tarah sir

par sowar qil'a men dekha usi dam chakke chhut qil'akhali kar-diya.

10,

Ab sirf ek Jaswant Rao Holkar Indaur ka Raja baqirah-gaya ki jisne na to Company ke sarnhne sir jhukaya

4

50 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

aur na ko'i vakil apna sarkar men bheja balki sarkari

'alaqon ko bhi be-tahasha luta kiya uske tadaruk ke

li'e kuchh thori si fauj Colonel Monson ke zer-hukm

rawana hu'i sahib mausuf ne Tonk ko darwaza urakar

fateh kar-liya lekin kahia dhoka, khakar Mukandara ki

ghati men phanskar Holkar ke lashkar se ghir-gayaakhir-kar angrezi fauj bari bari mushkilon se wahan se

nikalkar larti bhirti garmi aur barsat ki saikron taklifen

uthati aur nuqsau sahti chhinn bhinn ho Agra pahunchiab Holkar ki shekhi ka kya thikana tha fauran bis

hazar sipah aur ek sau bis zarb top lekar Dilli ka ja mu-

hasara kiya wahan sarkari fauj to kull fith sau thi aur

top gyara par Dilli ke Resident Auchterlony ne isi muthi

bhar fauj se khub Marhaton ke dsint khatte ki'e \voh

to nau roz tak sir pit pitkar akhir jab Lord Lake ke ane

ki khabar a'i wahan se chal-di'e.

11.

Tisri January sari 1805 'iswi ko General Lake ne

Bharatpur ghera nawin ko ham la kiya. lekin jab faujkhandaq ke kinare pahunchi to ma'lum hua ki panichhati bhar gahra hai admi bahut kam a'e ikkiswin

ko dusri taraf se phir hamla kiya lekin wahan khandaqchauri itni thi ki pul jo bana-la'e the chhota para aur jab

sirhi jorkar barhana chaha to woh pul pirni men gira is

men bhi bahut se admi kam a'e phir ba'iswin ko tisritaraf se hamla kiya Hindustani sipahi to khandaq parhokar diwar par charh-ga'e lekiu goron ne unka sath

dene se inkar kiya is li'e unhen bhi laut-ana para 894

admi khet rahe dusre din Lake ne un goron ko jinhonne 'udul-huknii ki thi bara sharminda kiya unhon ne

gairat men akar nehayat dilawari se chautha hamla kiya

IN PAET III. 51

lekin is 'arse men qil'a-walon ne burj aur diwar ki

marammat kar-li thi hamla-awaron ko rah na mili aur

hazar se ziyada admi mare ga'e log thake mande aur

be-dil hoga'e gola barut bhi baqi na raha rasad ka

saman kharch men a-gaya nachar Lake ko fauj hatani

pari.

12,

Is zarnana men Ahmed Shah Durrani ke pote Shah

Shuja' ko jo Afganistan ka amir tha uske bha'i Mahmudne wahan se nikal-diya tha Shah Shuja' to chand roz

tak Ranjit Singh ke yahan tnuqaiyad raha aur woh hira

jo Koh-i-nur nani se mashhur hai Eilja mazkur ne us se

le-liya phir ba'd khrabi bisyar ke sarkari 'amaldari men

akar panahgir hua Mahmud ko is sabab se ki us ne apnevazir Fateh Khan Barakza'i ko andha karke mar-da! a tha

vazir-i-mutawaffa. ke bete Dost Mahomed ne takht se

utarkar Kabul par apua qabza kar-liya Count Simonich

ne jo Irfin ke darbar men Russ ka elchi tha yeh niauqa'

apne Qaisar ka is taraf ikhtiyar barhane ke li'e bahut

ganimat sauiajhkar Sbah Iran ko ubhara ki Afgauistan

par da'wa kare yahan tak ki kuchh fauj Hirat ke muha-

sara ko rawana kara'i balki uske kharch ke li'e kuchh

riipaya bhi apne yahan se dilwaya lekin woh fauj Hirat

se harkar laut-a'i aur jab Inglistan ne is bab men Russse jawab talab kiya to Qaisav ne apne elchi ke 'amal-

daramad se bilkull inkar kar-diya ba-har hal sarkar

Company ko guman-i-galib hua ki albatta Russ ka

Hindustan par dant hai jab qabu niilega idhar zarur

qadam barhawega aur is bat ki ta'id men KaptanBurnes ne jo san 1837 'iswi men elchi hokar Kabul

gaya tha yehi bayan kiya ki Dost Mahomed bilkullRusswalon ki salah men hai balki Russwalon ne us se

4 *

52 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

pakka wa'da kiya hai ki ham to Peshawar Ranjit Singhse tumko wapas dila-denge.

13.i

Sarkar ne zarra bhi is bat par tawajjoh na farma'i ki

bhala Russwale idhar kyunkar a-sakte hain agar ko'i

kahe ki kya woh to Iran Turan aur Afganistan-walon ko

bahkakar aur lalach diklakar unhen Hindustan par nahin

charha-sakte hain to gaur karna chahi'e ki ab woh

Mahmud Gaznawi aur Changez Khan ka zamana nahinraha ki jab sar o pa barahna Gakkar logon ne Mahmudke risfilon ko qatl kar-dala tha aur na woh zamana hai

ki ek hathi ke bhag-jane se Aiiandpal sa rslja maidan

men shikast khata aur na woh waqt hai ki jangal se

sonte kat katkar bailon par sowar ho Jelaluddin Khwa-

razmi ke admi Sindh Sagar Doab men jakar ChangezKhan ki fauj se larte aur woh waqt bhi nahin hai ki

bare bare badshah bilkull apna madslr lara'i ka tirandazon

par rakhte balki ham barabar dekhte chale ate hain ki

sarkar Angrez bahadur ki zarra zarra si fauj se Shah

Sultan Nawwab Marhate Naipali aur Barhma-walon ke

kaise kaise dal-badal lashkar shikast khakar bhag-ga'e

bat to yeh hai ki jab fauj-i-ta'lim-yafta zer hukumat-i-

Dupleix aur Bussy angrezi topkhana ke samhne ru'i ke

galon ki tarah urga'i to phir Iran Turan wagaira ki kya

haqiqat hai.

14,

Agar ko'i yeh hujjat lawe ki Russwale kya apni faujen

Panjab tak nahin la-sakte to ham kahte hain ki bar

taqdir farz mumkin hai magar akhir gaur karna chahi'e

IN PART III. 53

ki Euss aur Panjab ke darmiyan kaissi kaisa bayabanaur kohistan para hai ki jiska 'ubur kisqadr dushwar

hai phir to Russ ke pas is qadr rupaya kahan hai ki

jo pachas hazar fauj achchhi qawa'id-dan ke bhi ma* top-khana zaruri ke is rah se lane ka kharcb. de-sake phirbhi jitne din us fauj ko ek koh Hindu Kush par hone men

lagenge us se do chand fauj hamari sarkar ba-zari'a

dhuwsin-kash aur relgari ke daryae Sindh men Ingli-stan se pahuncha-sakti hai iske 'alawa ahl-i-Russ to

thake thaka'e raste ki sakhtiyan uthate hu'e ba-ba'is-

i-qillat-i-rasad Mganistan se bhuke pyase tabdil-i-ab o

hawa se kamzor pahunchenge aur yahan se angrezi faujtaza-dam khwsthan-i-jang apni hi sarhadd par hogi aur

sarkar ko Panjab se jiski zarkhezi mashhur o ma'ruf hai

kis qadr asani ba-hainrasi-i-asbab-i-rasad men hogisiwae iske un pachas hazar Russion ke li'e ek hi paltan

goron ki dara Khaibar par kafi hai.

54 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

SECTION III.

1,

Mausim-i-bahar san 1838 men jab hanoz woh qaht raf

lione nahin paya tha jis se bashandagan-i-mamalik

magrabi o shimali sakht musibat men mubtala the mera

khima ek maqam par jo Bewari se chandan dur na thanasab hua tha is pergana men jadid paima'ish hu'i thi

aur main wahan malguzari ka si-sala bandobast karne

gaya tha jab main wahan tha to qasba ke Musalmanoii

aur Hindu'on men ek aisa jhagra paida hua ki agarhukkam sarkari mauqa' par pahunchkar dastandazi na

karte to balwa ho-jata ya balwa na hota to khunrezi zarur

hoti binae fasad Hindu'on ka mashhur ta'assub tya'ni

gao-kashi ki mukhalafat thi jisko woh muqaddas janwariasawwur karte hain Musalma,non ka to yehi matlab tha

ki gae ka gosht khane ko milta kyunki bheri bakri ke

gosht se yeh arzan tha aur go ba-muqabala kull abadi ke

Musalmanon ki ta'dad bahut kani thi lekin akhir apnimurad puri karni ka irada bandh-chuke woh log har sal is

bat ki darkhwast kiya, karte the ki hamko ya to qasba ke

andar ya uske bahar munsisib fasala par gao-kashi ki

ijazat mile lekin unki yeh darkhwasten ra'egan ga'in

kyunki Hindu'on ne 'ahd kar-liya tha ki agar is bab men

hamare mazhabi aqa'id kinsira ki'e ga'e to ham zabardastikarne par amada honge aur is sabab se Musalman logkashida-khatir aur dabe rahe.

IN PART III. 55

2,

Akhir-kar ek din jab main daura par tha Musalm&non

ke sar-gurohon ne meri khimagah men jake ek na'i 'arz-dasht qarib qarib is rnazniun ki pesh ki ki Garib-parwarsalamat huzur purnur par roshan hai ki is qasba ke

Hiudu'on ne barason se aj tak hukkam-i-baladast ki

khidmat men darog o daga 'arz kar kara ke ham logon ko

gao-kashi se rok-rakha, hai aur yeh banana kiya hai ki

yeh janwar muqaddas hai uska zabh karna. na-ja.'iz hai

hamare khudawandjin-i-ne'mat ya'nf angrezon ne ab tak

yeh peshnihsid rakha ki ek qism ki ri'aya dusre guroh par

ziyadati na karne pawe aur har shakhs ke sath bila, irnti-

yaz-i-zat mazhab rang qaum wagaira ek tarah par insaf

kiya ja'e chunanchi unke saya-i-himayat men sab log

yaksan fa'ida uthjlte hain goya bheriya bakri ek ghat

psini pite hain pas ham mazlumon ne kya qusur kiya haiki jo fawa'id aurou ko hasil hain hamko nabin milte

ummed hai ki huzur namak-khwaron ke istegasa par jaldlihaz fannakar yeh liukm sadir kar-denge ki Musalnulnon

ko gae ka gosht khiine ki ijTizat hai ilslhi aftab-i-daulat

o iqbal hamesha tabjAm rahe faqat yeh darkhwast bar-i-

'amm men hazilrha Hindu Musalnianon ke samhiie pavhi

ga'i aur jo kuchh ho-raha tha, usko har shakhs dekh sun-

raha tha kyunki khima ki qauateD tinon taraf se hata di

ga'i thin.

3.

'Arzi parhte waqt tamrim hazirm-i-ijlas adab se kha-

mosh khare rahe Musalman log mere faisala ke intizar

men mutafakkir hu'e aur Hindu log chori se mera chehra

56 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

dekh dekhkar cbahte the ki mumkin ho qiyafa se daryaftkaren ki is mo'amala men kya hukm nafiz hoga sach.

puchhi'e to dunya bhar men kahin ke admi aise nahinliain jo Hindustanion se fann-i-qiyafa-shinasi men ziya-datar zud-fahm aur 'aqlmand hon ma'lum hota hai ki woh

har harakat aur ishara se andaruni hai daryaft kar-lene

men ek qism ka tafarrus rakhte hain yeh kuchh ta'ajjubki bat nahin woh to sadha baras se aise logon ke taht-i-

hukumat rahte a'e ki jinki marzi hi qanun thi phir 'adat

ka. qiyas karna aur apne hakimon ka. ma-fi-zamir ko pahlese daryaft kar-lena unki ta'lim ka zaruri hissa hogayahai qanun aur 'adalat ke ru se mere danist men haqqMusalrasinoii ka tha magar yeh dekhkar ki Hindu logonko is qadim dastur maht'uz rakhne ki dill murad hai

balki mukhalafat par amada hain main ne yeh sala,h di ki

behtar hai ki tumlog ek ba-zabita darkhwast sahib Com-

missioner ke huziir men jo Superintendent polis ke ikhti-

yarat rakhte hain pesh karo chunfinchi sahib inausuf ne

gao-kashi ka hukm nafiz farrnaya main ne qasba se paunmil ke fasala par is ka.ni ke li'e ek jagah muqarrar ki is

nmmed se ki raiijish Hindu'on ki kamtar ho lekin unka

gussa aur taish ki hadd hi na thi aur jahan jahan main

jata tha. rnustagis mujhko ghere rahte the jab dek