Islam. Muslim.

What is the first thing that comes to your mind after reading those words? Explain in complete sentences.

33.32%

Muslims in the world today

1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000

2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000

3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000

4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000

5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000

Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

Name of religion Monotheistic or polytheisitic?

Name of God or gods Where was the religion started? By who?

By 750 AD

Arabic word – “giving oneself over to the will of God” Monotheistic religion

Founded by Muhammad Prophet of Allah (“the

God”) Followers of Islam =

Muslims

Largest and richest city in western Arabia Supported by trade and religion

Traders on their way to Constantinople Pilgrims came to worship at Arabia’s holiest

shrine, the Ka’bah, that is filled with idols (many gods)

1880

1910

Born in 570 A.D. and became a successful businessman

Upset with the way people lived Selfishness – gambling, drinking, corruption in

Mecca Angel Gabriel visited him = revelation

(vision) Began to preach about one God, Allah Saw life as a preparation for the Day of

Judgment

Rich people felt threatened No more pilgrims will visit Mecca and buy their goods

Started to persecute Muhammad Fled to Yathrib [Madina] in 622 (“Year of

Migration”) First year of Muslim calendar

630 – peaceful takeover of Mecca 632 – Muhammad dies

Muslim scriptures Direct word of God to

Muhammad Written in Arabic

The Quran describes five duties all Muslims must fulfill

Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj

Profession of Faith Muslims must recite “There is no God but

Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

Prayer Muslims must pray

five times a day, facing Mecca Dawn, noon, late

afternoon, sunset, evening

Mosque – Muslim house of worship

Imam – prayer leader

Charity Muslims believe that all things belong to God Muslims must give 2.5% of their income

Fasting Must fast each year from sunrise to sunset

during the holy month of Ramadan Ramadan – ninth month of the Muslim lunar

calendar

Pilgrimage Each Muslim must

travel to Mecca two months after Ramadan at least once in his/her lifetime

2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

Do Now: Is it important to have faith? Why or why

not?

The Arab Empire Group of Muslims chose a new leader whom

they called caliph, which means “successor” Abu Bakr: first caliph after Muhammad’s

death Bakr and the next three were elected for life

Caliphs Ruled from Madina head of the Muslim community and his

primary responsibility was to continue in the path of the Prophet Muhammad

Rightly Guided Caliphs: first 4 caliphs Carried Islam to other peoples

Expansion Sent warriors to surrounding areas

Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa Successful because:

Islam was the common goal The way they treated the people that they

conquered

The Umayyads (661-750 A.D.) Moved the capital from Madina to Damascus From this time on, the title of caliph was

hereditary Ruled more like kings

Recognized government

Umayyad Accomplishments Arabic=official

language Minted first Arab

money Horseback postal

routes Irrigation canals Beautiful mosques

and arts

Islamic Schism (split)

Sunni Shia

-Larger group

-Followed Rightly Guided

Caliphs

-Smaller group

-Believed caliphs should be

descendents of Ali (Muhammad’s son-

in-law)

-Pillars of Islam

-recognize each other as Muslims

The Abbasids (750-1258 A.D.) 750 A.D.: defeated the Umayyads and

became new rulers of the Arab Empire Golden Age of Islam = first 100 years in

power Built a new capital…Baghdad

The Abbasids Arabic language and Islamic religion

remained Vizier: chief advisor

took charge of running the empire Did not try to conquer Baghdad = major trading center

Changing Empire Interest in Greek science and philosophy Advanced farming methods Practical math Increasing trade Everday life

Golden Age of Muslim Spain Muslim Arabs + Berbers = Moors defeated the West Goths Set up a kingdom that allowed religious

freedom Beautiful architecture

Islamic Life Islam attempted to “right the wrongs”

Marriage Raising female child guaranteed a reward in Paradise

Property Women entitled to half of husband’s wealth

Education Both obligated to seek knowledge

Arab Contributions Common language of Arabic – promote

sharing of knowledge Chemistry Astronomy

Moon affects tides, size of Earth Mathematics – algebra Medicine

Arab Contributions The Arts

The Arabian Nights and Rubaiyat

Art is distinct and full of color Geometric designs,

flowers, leaves, stars

History

Islamic Republic Form of theocracy Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan

Turkey Algeria Pakistan

Azerbaijan Uzbekistan