Do Now

Is it better to stand on principal and fight enemies alone or create truces with foes to fight larger threats?

The Age of Pericles(461 – 429 BCE)

Direct Democracy• People participate

directly in gov’t decision making through mass meetings.

Ostracism

• Politician banned from the city for 10 years if considered harmful to the city by 6,000 citizens.

The Great Peloponnesian War

Defeated Persians in 479 and fought each other in 431 BCE.

Sparta lays siege to Athens and a plague killed 1/3 of Athens.

Fought over 25 years with Athens surrendering after a naval defeat.

All sides weakened!

Greek Religion & Enlightenment

12 chief gods & goddesses lived on Mt. Olympus.

Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Ares, Aphrodite, Poseidon.

Worshiped gods through rituals at Delphi.

Oracles (Croesus)• Learn will of the gods.

Outdoor theaters were tragedies were acted out.• Sophocles wrote

“Oedipus Rex” Herodotus

• History of the Persian Wars

Thucydides• Greatest historian of

the ancient world.

Aristotle (3)

Plato (2)

Socrates (1)

Goal: to challenge the SophistsBelief: “Man can attain

absolute truth”(Positive view of mankind)

• Greek philosopher (thinker)• Interested in physical and metaphysical• Preceded by “schools of thought”

• Authors• Believed knowledge derived from senses is incomplete• Estab. school

Aristotle & Platohave these in common

All 3 have these incommon

Committed suicide (399 B.C.)

Plato’s teacher

Socratic method

Wrote The Republic)

d. Age 81

Estab. school, the AcademyEstab. sch., the Lyceum

Scientific ratherthan spiritual

Comparing Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Alexander the Great Greeks defeated by

Macedonian Phillip II. Phillip’s son was

Alexander. Alexander creates the

world’s largest empire to this point.

Lasting legacy:• Architecture, Literature,

Science, Philosophy