© Institute for Work & Health University of British Columbia Mieke Koehoorn 1,2,3, Curtis Breslin...

© Institute for Work & Health University of British Columbia

Mieke Koehoorn1,2,3, Curtis Breslin3, Peter Smith3, Fan Xu4

([email protected])

1School of Population and Public Health, UBC2 School of Environmental Health, UBC

3 Institute for Work & Health, Toronto4Centre for Health Services and Policy Research

Survey of Work and Work Injuries among High School

Students in BC(and longer term health consequences of work injuries

among youth)


Young Workers

17-year old fast food worker:

The oven mitts that we use to remove hot trays from the oven had huge holes in them. When I told my supervisor about them he told us to put plastic bags inside the mitts.

Excerpt from Protecting Young Workers: WorkSafeBC Focus Report


Survey on Work & InjuriesObjectives

• To investigate differences in rates by demographic, work and geographic characteristics

• To estimate work hours for BC high school students/exposure time

• To estimate self-reported rates of work injuries


• Cross sectional survey, January to June 2006– Tobacco use/dependence survey – School of Nursing, UBC

• Paper/pencil and web-based

• Secondary schools in 5 regional areas of BC (urban, rural and remote)

• Youth aged 12-19 years, Grades 7 to 12

Survey Strategy


Survey Questions on Work

• Did you work for pay during the past 12 months?• What type of work did you do for pay?

• Thinking about this past July and August, how many weeks did you work for pay? Usual hours per week?

• Thinking about this past September to December, how many weeks did you work for pay? Usual hours per week?


Survey Questions on Injuries

• What was the most serious injury that you had on the job in the past 12 months?

• Did you report the injury at work?

• Were you injured badly enough that you needed to miss work or school for at least one day? Had to go to a doctor, nurse or hospital?

• Did you receive money from workers’ compensation for your injury?


Study PopulationTotal Number of Respondents

8,225 students (90% response rate)

Grades 7-12, aged 12-19 years7,997 students (97.2%)

Working Population

4,293 students (53.7%) (3083 Formal Worksites (71.8%)

Reported Hours and Weeks of Work3,513 (81.8% of workers)


Comparisons

Labour Force Survey 2004

• 15-19 year olds• Yes, to employed

last week

• Jul and Aug: 46.8%• Sept to Dec:

40.9%


0

10

20

30

40

50

%

Reported Type of Paid Jobs%


ComparisonsBC Stats (15-19 yrs)

43%

15%

14%

8%

8%

3%

3% 4%RetailManufacturingConstructionForestryServiceWholesalersTransportPublic ServiceOther

(47%)

(11%)

(12%)

(6%)


Hours and Weeks of Work

All Workers (n=4293)

Formal Worksites

Only(n=3083)

Weeks Hrs/Wk Weeks Hrs/Wk

8.7 12.5 9.8 14.0

5.4 18.8 5.8 21.5

School Year (max

16)Summer (max 8)


Comparisons

Labour Force SurveyBC Teens Only• 15-16 year olds• 9.9 hours at main job

during school• 19.4 hours at main job

during the summer


Work-related InjuriesWorking Population

4,293 students

Self-reported Work Injury, Past year517 students (12.0%)

Injury Resulted in Absence

141 students (3.3%)Workers’

Compensation29 students (0.68%)

Injury Required Health Care

158 students (3.7%)

Reported Injury at Work

263 students (6.1%)


Types of Reported Work Injuries

0

10

20

30

%

Cuts

Burn

sBa

ck Stra

inFr

actu

reBr

uise

sOth

er Stra

inH

ead

Inju

ryExp

osur

eAm

puta

tion

Oth

er


Work-related Injury Rates

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Reporte

d

Health

Care

Absence

Compen

sate

d

HC + A

bsence

All Workers

Formal Worksites

Inju

ries

per

100 F

TE

s


Comparisons

Minnesota High School Survey (Parker 1994)

• 15-19 year olds• Reportable Injuries: 30 injuries/100 FTEs

CCHS (2006)• 12-18 year old, BC• 8.4 injuries per 100 workers

BC Workers Compensation Claims, 2004• 15-24 year olds• Lost Time Claims• 3.5 claims per 100 FTEs


Work-related Injury Rates

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40In

juries

per

100

FTE

s

Reporte

d

Health

Care

Absence

Compen

sate

d

12-14 yrs

15-19 yrs


12-14 year olds, ON and BC ComparisonSURVEY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ONTARIOI

Total Yes to Work Formal Work3 Odd Jobs* Other Work*

(n) % of working total

Survey Sample

1318 (100%)

52.9% 12.5% 44.3% 23.2%

Male 645 (100%) 53.0% 17.8% 41.1% 26.6%

Female 673 (100%) 52.8% 7.5% 47.3% 20.0%

Mean Hours/wk

8.31 hrs (7.1, 9.5)

9.23 hrs (6.6, 11.9)

5.12 hrs (4.6, 5.6)

4.22 hrs (3.5, 4.9)

SURVEY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA2

Total Yes to Work Formal Work Odd Jobs Other Work

(n) % of working total

Survey Sample

2788 (100% )

41.5% 11.8% 31.7% 14.4%)

Male 1356 (100%)

40.5% 13.8% 28.5% 13.4%

Female 1432 (100%)

42.3% 9.9% 34.7% 15.3%

Mean Hours/wk

8.79 hrs (8.2, 9.4)

11.60hrs(10.3, 12.9)

8.94 hrs (7.9, 9.9)

7.92 hrs (7.3, 8.5)


12-14 year olds, ON and BC Comparison

Yes to Work Injury

Type of Work

ON BC

Formal Work

8.6%. (4.5, 8.9) 5.5% (3.5, 8.5%)

Odd Jobs 6.7%, (3.7, 11.8) 3.6% (2.6, 5.1%)

Other Work 12.1%, (6.8, 20.6) 3.5% (2.1, 5.8%)

Gender

Male 5.6% (3.1, 10.0) 5.3% (3.7, 7.5%)

Female 6.3% (3.4, 11.4) 2.0% (1.1, 3.4%)

Age (years)

12 11.5% (6.3, 20.0) 3.5% (0.5, 20.8%)

13 4.3% (1.4, 12.5) 3.1% (1.9, 5.2%)

14 4.8% (2.6, 8.7) 3.8% (2.6, 5.5%)


• 113 students reported ‘excessive’ wks of work (>8 in the summer and greater than 16 wks in the fall)

• 780 students reported weeks but not hours or vice versa; 200 students indicate work/occupation but no weeks or hours

• Formal and informal work…

• 598 students reported ‘other occupation’

Challenges


Longer Term Health Consequences

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

-9 Y

rs Pre

Injury

Date

-8 Y

ears

-7 Y

ears

-6 Y

ears

-5 Y

ears

-4 Y

ears

-3 Y

ears

-2 Y

ears

-1 Y

r Inj

ury Date

+1 Ye

ar P

ost I

njury Date

+2 Ye

ars

+3 Ye

ars

+4 Ye

ars

+5 Ye

ars

+6 Ye

ars

+7 Ye

ars

+8 Ye

ars

+9 Yr

s Pos

t Injur

y Date

Time Windows Pre and Post Injury/Comparison Date

Av

era

ge

GP

Vis

its

pe

r Y

ea

r

Group4 - Increasing, High GP Visits Group3- Med-High GP Visits

Group2 - Medium GP Visits Group1 - Low GP Visits

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

-9 Y

rs P

re M

atch

Dat

e

-8 Y

ears

-7 Y

ears

-6 Y

ears

-5 Y

ears

-4 Y

ears

-3 Y

ears

-2 Y

ears

-1 Y

rs P

re M

atch

Dat

e+

1 Y

ear

Pos

t M

atch

Dat

e+

2 Y

ears

+3

Yea

rs

+4

Yea

rs

+5

Yea

rs

+6

Yea

rs

+7

Yea

rs

+8

Yea

rs

+9

Yea

rs P

ost

Mat

ch D

ate

Av

era

ge

GP

Vis

its

pe

r Y

ea

r



Trajectories of Health Care (annual GP Visits) for FEMALE (15-24 years) Injured Workers and

Matched Controls for 1-year Windows Pre- and Post Injury/Comparison Date

Injured Workers Matched Controls


Longer Term Health Consequences

Trajectories of Health Care Utilization for MALES

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



c

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



Injured Workers Matched Controls


Next Steps

• NA Young Worker Symposium– sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health in the US and the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation /in Canada

– bring together a diverse group of scholars and practitioners from both countries to update and synthesize their understanding of the benefits and risks of youth employment and to set an agenda for future scientific and programmatic directions throughout the US and Canada.


• Peter Smith and Curtis Breslin, Institute for Work & Health and University of Toronto

• Fan Xu, UBC

• Joy Johnson, School of Nursing, UBCPam Ratner, School of Nursing, UBCJean Shoveller, Health Care & Epidemiology, UBC

• Rochelle Tucker, Research Coordinator

• Participating High Schools and Students

Acknowledgements

© Institute for Work & Health University of British Columbia Mieke Koehoorn 1,2,3, Curtis Breslin...

Documents

Transcript of © Institute for Work & Health University of British Columbia Mieke Koehoorn 1,2,3, Curtis Breslin...