...i Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of...

Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and

Institutional Review (CPEIR)

Bangka Belitung Island ofIndonesia

Center for Climate Finance and Multilateral PolicyFiscal Policy Agency

Ministry of Finance, Republic of IndonesiaDecember 2015

FISCAL POLICY AGENCY MINISTRY OF FINANCE

UNE P

Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia

i

Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of Indonesia Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of Indonesia

CLIMATE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF BANGKA

BELITUNG ISLAND OF INDONESIA

Center for Climate Finance and Multilateral Policy Fiscal Policy Agency - Ministry of Finance

UNE P

This report has been produced with the support of UNDP Indonesia, Capacity Development for Development Effectiveness Facility for Asia Pacific,

UNDP-UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative

i


CLIMATE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF BANGKA

BELITUNG ISLAND OF INDONESIA

Center for Climate Finance and Multilateral Policy Fiscal Policy Agency - Ministry of Finance

UNE P

This report has been produced with the support of UNDP Indonesia, Capacity Development for Development Effectiveness Facility for Asia Pacific,

UNDP-UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative

ii

Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of Indonesia

Research Team Leader:Leader: Berly MartawardayaCo-Team Leader: Ray Purcell

Research Team:Ambarsari Dwi Cahyani, Putrawan Habibi, Pudji Aswati

Reviewers:Ministry of Finance: Ria Sartika Azahari, Hageng Suryo Nugroho.Ministry of Environment and Forestry: Tantri Arundati, Tri Widayati.UNDP Indonesia: Verania Andria, Liliek Sofitri.UNDP Asia Pasific Regional Centre: Joanne Manda, Kevork Baboyan.

With Special Thanks to:

Ministry of Finance: Kindy Rinaldy Syahrir, Agunan Samosir, Joko Tri Haryanto, Mahpud Sujai, Rita Helbra, Prima Yudhistira (alm), Bara Ampera, Bramantya Saputro, Faradina Salsabil, Bejo Waluyo, Qoriah Aenul Yakin, Adisty Lestari, Vina Sukandar, Syaifullah.

Provincial Government of Bangka Belitung Island: Yan Megawandi, Juaidi, Asyraf Suryadin, Rusli Khaidir, Wardiah (Bappeda); Nazalyus (Dishut), Sri Heldawati (BLHD), Hotma (Dinkes), Armaini (BKP).

District Government of Central Bangka: Rachmad Hardjono (Bappeda); Ali Imron (BLHD); Dedy Muchdiyat (DKP); Susanti (BKKBD & PPA); Perryanis (Distanbun); Mahmudin Ibrahim (Distan); Dewi Savitri (BPS); Sajidin (BKPP); Useng Komara (Disperindagkop); Kaharuddin (BPBD & Kesbangpol).

District Government of East Belitung: Yeni Srihartati, Ilfan Suryaman, Bayu P, Yuli Restuwardi (Bappeda); Arbaie (BLHD), Khaidir Lutfi (Distanbun).

UNDP Indonesia:Liza Martiananda, Muhammad Ikhsan, Fahrul Razi.

This initiative is supported by:

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Table of Contents


Table of Contents iiiAbbreviations vExecutive Summary ix

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives, Methodology and Report Structure 1

2 The Babel Profile and Climatic Vulnerability 5 2.1 Physical, Administrative and Socio-Economic Features 5 2.2 Babel Province Climate Vulnerability 9

3 Policy Analysis 15 3.1 Climate Change in National Development Strategies 15 3.2 National Climate Change Policies 16 3.2.1 The National Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAN-GRK) 16 3.2.2 National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) 18 3.2.3 The Green Planning and Budget (GPB) Strategy 19 3.3 Climate Change and Provincial Development Strategy 20 3.4 Provincial Climate Change Policy 20 3.4.1 Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK) 20 3.4.2 Babel Province Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 24 3.5 Summary of Policy Findings 27

4 Institutional Analysis 29 4.1 National Level CC Institutional Arrangements 29 4.1.1 National Level Institutions for CC Actions 29 4.1.2 Laws and Regulations Determining Local Government CC Arrangements 30 4.2 Sub-national Level CC Institutional Arrangement in Babel Province 31 4.2.1 CC Mitigation in Babel Province 31 4.2.2 CC Adaptation in Babel Province 33 4.2.3 Other Institutions 33 4.3 CC Policy Coordination and Reporting in Babel Province 34 4.3.1 Sub-national CC Coordination and Reporting 34 4.4 Sub-national Government Capacity Assessment 37 4.5 Institutional Findings 38

5 PFM Processes 41 5.1 Decentralisation in Indonesia 41 5.2 Sub-National Fiscal Management in Indonesia 41 5.3 Planning and Budget Processes 44 5.4 The Fiscal Landscape in Babel Province 47

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

Table of Contents


Table of Contents iiiAbbreviations vExecutive Summary ix

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives, Methodology and Report Structure 1

2 The Babel Profile and Climatic Vulnerability 5 2.1 Physical, Administrative and Socio-Economic Features 5 2.2 Babel Province Climate Vulnerability 9

3 Policy Analysis 15 3.1 Climate Change in National Development Strategies 15 3.2 National Climate Change Policies 16 3.2.1 The National Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAN-GRK) 16 3.2.2 National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) 18 3.2.3 The Green Planning and Budget (GPB) Strategy 19 3.3 Climate Change and Provincial Development Strategy 20 3.4 Provincial Climate Change Policy 20 3.4.1 Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK) 20 3.4.2 Babel Province Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 24 3.5 Summary of Policy Findings 27

4 Institutional Analysis 29 4.1 National Level CC Institutional Arrangements 29 4.1.1 National Level Institutions for CC Actions 29 4.1.2 Laws and Regulations Determining Local Government CC Arrangements 30 4.2 Sub-national Level CC Institutional Arrangement in Babel Province 31 4.2.1 CC Mitigation in Babel Province 31 4.2.2 CC Adaptation in Babel Province 33 4.2.3 Other Institutions 33 4.3 CC Policy Coordination and Reporting in Babel Province 34 4.3.1 Sub-national CC Coordination and Reporting 34 4.4 Sub-national Government Capacity Assessment 37 4.5 Institutional Findings 38

5 PFM Processes 41 5.1 Decentralisation in Indonesia 41 5.2 Sub-National Fiscal Management in Indonesia 41 5.3 Planning and Budget Processes 44 5.4 The Fiscal Landscape in Babel Province 47

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Table of Contents

iv


5.5 Performance Based Budgeting (PBB) 48 5.6 Summary of PFM Findings 50

6 Expenditure Analysis 53 6.1. Climate Change (CC) Typology 53 6.2. Province Climate Related Expenditure Review 55 6.3. Public Expenditure Findings 61

7 Poverty and Gender Analysis 63 7.1 Poverty and Gender in Babel Province 63 7.1.1 Babel Province and Poverty 63 7.1.2 Babel Province and Gender 65 7.1.3 Government Poverty and Gender Policy and Programmes 66 7.1.4 The Province Poverty and Gender Coordination Team 67 7.1.5 Background to Pro-Poor Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring (P3BM) 68 7.2 Poverty Findings 69 7.3 Gender Findings 70 7.4 P3BM Findings 70

8 District Case Studies 73 8.1 Central Bangka District (Bangka Tengah) 73 8.2 East Belitung District (Belitung Timur) 76 8.3 District Findings 80

9 Recommendations 81 9.1 Policy Recommendations 81 9.2 Institutional Recommendations 82 9.3 PFM Recommendations 83 9.4 CC Expenditure Recommendations 83 9.5 Poverty Recommendations 84 9.6 Gender Recommendations 84 9.7 P3BM Recommendations 84 9.8 District Recommendations 84

Annex 1: Interfacing CC Vulnerability with CC Policy 89Annex 2: RAN-API Trains of Thought 94Annex 3: Institutional Chapter Tables 96Annex 4: Capacity Assessment Methodology and Results 103Annex 5 : Babel Province Climate Change Forward Work Plan 115

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Abbreviations

Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of Indonesia Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of IndonesiaProvincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of Indonesia

3RAPBDAPBNBabelBAPPEDABAPPENAS BAUBIGBKFBKPBLHDBLTBMKGBP DASBPMPDBPPKB PA

BPPTBPSBSMCCCCPLCSODAKDASDAUDBH-SDADGDIBIDIPA

DispendaDKPFGDGBPGBSGDIGDPGHGGRGRKGubRHDIIKA

Reduce, reuse, recycleSub-national Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah)State Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara)Bangka BelitungSub-national Development Planning AgencyState Ministry of National Development Planning Business as UsualGeospatial Information agency Fiscal Policy Agency in the Ministry of FinanceFood Security AgencySub-national Environment AgencyDirect cash money for very poor peopleMeteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics AgencyWatershed Management AgencyVillage Government and Community Empowerment AgencyWomen Empowerment, Family Planning, and Children Protection Agency Assessment & Application of Technology Agency Central Statistics AgencyEducational assistance for poor studentsClimate ChangeClimate Change Programme LoanCivil Society OrganisationSpecial Allocation Fund/Conditional Grant Watershed (Daerah Aliran Sungai)General Allocation FundRevenue Sharing FundDirectorate GeneralIndonesia Disaster Information and DataThe Budget Authorisation Document (Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran)Sub-national Treasury UnitMarine and Fishery OfficeFocus Group DiscussionsGreen Planning and BudgetGender Budget StatementGender Development IndexGross Domestic ProductGreen House GasesGovernment RegulationGreenhouse Gases (Gas Rumah Kaca)Governor RegulationHuman Development IndexAdaptive Capacity Index (Indeks Kapasitas Adaptif)

ABBREVIATIONS

v

Abbreviations


3RAPBDAPBNBabelBAPPEDABAPPENAS BAUBIGBKFBKPBLHDBLTBMKGBP DASBPMPDBPPKB PA

BPPTBPSBSMCCCCPLCSODAKDASDAUDBH-SDADGDIBIDIPA

DispendaDKPFGDGBPGBSGDIGDPGHGGRGRKGubRHDIIKA

Reduce, reuse, recycleSub-national Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah)State Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara)Bangka BelitungSub-national Development Planning AgencyState Ministry of National Development Planning Business as UsualGeospatial Information agency Fiscal Policy Agency in the Ministry of FinanceFood Security AgencySub-national Environment AgencyDirect cash money for very poor peopleMeteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics AgencyWatershed Management AgencyVillage Government and Community Empowerment AgencyWomen Empowerment, Family Planning, and Children Protection Agency Assessment & Application of Technology Agency Central Statistics AgencyEducational assistance for poor studentsClimate ChangeClimate Change Programme LoanCivil Society OrganisationSpecial Allocation Fund/Conditional Grant Watershed (Daerah Aliran Sungai)General Allocation FundRevenue Sharing FundDirectorate GeneralIndonesia Disaster Information and DataThe Budget Authorisation Document (Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran)Sub-national Treasury UnitMarine and Fishery OfficeFocus Group DiscussionsGreen Planning and BudgetGender Budget StatementGender Development IndexGross Domestic ProductGreen House GasesGovernment RegulationGreenhouse Gases (Gas Rumah Kaca)Governor RegulationHuman Development IndexAdaptive Capacity Index (Indeks Kapasitas Adaptif)

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations

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IKSIPCCJamkesmasKPHL

KPHP

KUA-PPAS

KURLAKIP

LAPANLGCDLIPIM&EMDGsMOFMOHAMSMEMTEFMusrenbangNAMAsNGONTBNTTOVOPP3BMPADPBBPertaminaPFMPHTPKHPLNPLTDPMKPNPM

PPGLPRPSFPTTRAD-GRKRAN-APIRAN-GRKRaskin

Sensitivity-Exposure Index (Indeks Kerentanan Sensitifitas)Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangePeople’s Health InsuranceProtected Forest Management Unit (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung)Production Forest Management Unit (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi)General Policy Budget and Temporary Budget Ceiling Priority (Kebijakan Umum Anggaran dan Prioritas Plafon Anggaran Sementara)Small Loans for PeopleGovernment Accountability and Performance Report (Laporan Akuntabilitas dan Kinerja Pemerintah)National Institute for Aeronautics and SpaceLocal Government Capacity DevelopmentIndonesian Institute of SciencesMonitoring and EvaluationMillenium Development GoalsMinistry of FinanceMinistry of Home AffairsMicro, Small and Medium Sized EnterpriseMedium Term Expenditure FrameworkDevelopment Planning Forum Nationally Appropriate Mitigation ActionsNon-Government OrganisationWest Nusa Tenggara ProvinceEast Nusa Tenggara ProvinceOne Village One ProductPro-poor Planning, Budgeting and MonitoringSub-national Own RevenuePerformance Based BudgetingState oil and gas companyPublic Finance and ManagementIntegrated Pest Management (Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu)Family Hope ProgrammeState Electricity EnterpriseDiesel Power Generator (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Disel)Minister of Finance Regulation (Peraturan Menteri Keuangan)National Programme for Community Empowerment (Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat)Marine Geological InstitutePresidential RegulationPNPM Support FacilityPengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (Integrated Crop Management)Sub-national Action Plan to Reduce GHG EmissionsNational Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation ActionsNational Action Plan to Reduce GHG EmissionsRice for Poor Households

vii

Abbreviations


REDDRenja K/LRenja SKPDRenstra SKPDRKA K/LRKPRKPDRpRPJMDRPJMNRPJPNSATAM EMAS

SDFSIDASIDIK SKPDSLOSOESusenasTDMTNP2KTPUNCCCUNDPUNDP BRHVAT

WalhiWOC

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationWork Plan of Ministries/Agencies Work Plan of Sub-national UnitsSub-national Unit’s Strategic Plan Ministries/Agencies Budget Proposal Annual Government Work PlanAnnual Sub-national Government Work PlanIndonesian RupiahSub-national Medium Term Development PlanNational Medium Term Development PlanNational Long Term Development PlanOne Billion Rupiahs for One Sub-District (Satu Milyar Satu Kecamatan)Sustainable Development FinancingSwedish International Development Cooperation AgencySystem for Inventory and Vulnerability IndexSub-national Government Work Units (Offices/Agencies)Electricity Operating Licence (Sartifikat Layak Operasi)State Owned EnterpriseNational Socio-Economic SurveyTransportation Demand ManagementNational Poverty Alleviation TeamAssignment TasksUnited Nations Climate Change ConferenceUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUnited Nations Development Programme Bangkok Regional HubValue Added TaxIndonesia Friend’s of Earth (Wahana Lingkungan Hidup)World Ocean Conference

vii

Abbreviations


REDDRenja K/LRenja SKPDRenstra SKPDRKA K/LRKPRKPDRpRPJMDRPJMNRPJPNSATAM EMAS

SDFSIDASIDIK SKPDSLOSOESusenasTDMTNP2KTPUNCCCUNDPUNDP BRHVAT

WalhiWOC

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationWork Plan of Ministries/Agencies Work Plan of Sub-national UnitsSub-national Unit’s Strategic Plan Ministries/Agencies Budget Proposal Annual Government Work PlanAnnual Sub-national Government Work PlanIndonesian RupiahSub-national Medium Term Development PlanNational Medium Term Development PlanNational Long Term Development PlanOne Billion Rupiahs for One Sub-District (Satu Milyar Satu Kecamatan)Sustainable Development FinancingSwedish International Development Cooperation AgencySystem for Inventory and Vulnerability IndexSub-national Government Work Units (Offices/Agencies)Electricity Operating Licence (Sartifikat Layak Operasi)State Owned EnterpriseNational Socio-Economic SurveyTransportation Demand ManagementNational Poverty Alleviation TeamAssignment TasksUnited Nations Climate Change ConferenceUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUnited Nations Development Programme Bangkok Regional HubValue Added TaxIndonesia Friend’s of Earth (Wahana Lingkungan Hidup)World Ocean Conference


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Executive Summary


Babel Province Climate Vulnerability

This Bangka Belitung (Babel) Province Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) is one of two sub-national CPEIRs carried out in Indonesia in 2014 and 2015. These have been coordinated by UNDP in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance,and undertaken by national and international experts working with provincial governments. The work for this Babel Province CPEIR took place between February and October 2015.

Unlike other CPEIRS, the Babel CPEIR was intended to introduce gender and poverty sensitivity analyses into the review of mitigation and adaptation actions and expenditure. Its expenditure focus is onprovince climate expenditure from all sources, i.e. provincial and central government, private sector and NGOs.

Climate change relating to temperature, rainfall, sea level rise and frequency of extreme climate events can be gradual and not always visible. But the cumulative effects over the long term can be dramatic. Rainfall variability and extreme climate events in South East Asia – flooding, drought, typhoon - are predicted to double over the next 35 years.

The Babel Islands are situated off the south east tip of the main island of Sumatra in one of the more climatically vulnerable parts of Indonesia.Climate vulnerability here is a function of climate variability, population growth and ecological sensitivity. The most

climate sensitive areas in Babel Province are coastal and inland areas subject to a combination of abrasion and flooding. Inland flooding is exacerbated by the degradation of upstream watersheds because of tin mining, a main contributor to the Babel economy.

The CPEIR vulnerability assessment identifiesfisheries and their coastal and coral reef areas, forestry, water supply, health and disaster response sectors as the most climate sensitive sectors in Babel Province. Perhaps the most vulnerable is the economically important fishery industry. This is small scale and artisanal, operating at low levels of technology close to the coast line. Inshore fisheries are reported to be suffering from coral bleaching and coral reef damage caused by sea bed tin mining, and fishing communities have limited resilience.Water supplies and water quality are generally also at risk area due to the potential for infrastructure damageparticularly from upstream flooding. Health is a climate change issue as the endemic mosquito borne diseases of malaria and dengue are predicted to increase. Agriculture, housing, and irrigation, river, transport and urban infrastructureare also at risk.

Babel Province Climate Change Policy

Government response to climate change in Indonesia has been driven by the introduction of two major new policies. The National Action Plan to Reduce Green House Gas (GHG)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Executive Summary


Babel Province Climate Vulnerability

This Bangka Belitung (Babel) Province Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) is one of two sub-national CPEIRs carried out in Indonesia in 2014 and 2015. These have been coordinated by UNDP in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance,and undertaken by national and international experts working with provincial governments. The work for this Babel Province CPEIR took place between February and October 2015.

Unlike other CPEIRS, the Babel CPEIR was intended to introduce gender and poverty sensitivity analyses into the review of mitigation and adaptation actions and expenditure. Its expenditure focus is onprovince climate expenditure from all sources, i.e. provincial and central government, private sector and NGOs.

Climate change relating to temperature, rainfall, sea level rise and frequency of extreme climate events can be gradual and not always visible. But the cumulative effects over the long term can be dramatic. Rainfall variability and extreme climate events in South East Asia – flooding, drought, typhoon - are predicted to double over the next 35 years.

The Babel Islands are situated off the south east tip of the main island of Sumatra in one of the more climatically vulnerable parts of Indonesia.Climate vulnerability here is a function of climate variability, population growth and ecological sensitivity. The most

climate sensitive areas in Babel Province are coastal and inland areas subject to a combination of abrasion and flooding. Inland flooding is exacerbated by the degradation of upstream watersheds because of tin mining, a main contributor to the Babel economy.

The CPEIR vulnerability assessment identifiesfisheries and their coastal and coral reef areas, forestry, water supply, health and disaster response sectors as the most climate sensitive sectors in Babel Province. Perhaps the most vulnerable is the economically important fishery industry. This is small scale and artisanal, operating at low levels of technology close to the coast line. Inshore fisheries are reported to be suffering from coral bleaching and coral reef damage caused by sea bed tin mining, and fishing communities have limited resilience.Water supplies and water quality are generally also at risk area due to the potential for infrastructure damageparticularly from upstream flooding. Health is a climate change issue as the endemic mosquito borne diseases of malaria and dengue are predicted to increase. Agriculture, housing, and irrigation, river, transport and urban infrastructureare also at risk.

Babel Province Climate Change Policy

Government response to climate change in Indonesia has been driven by the introduction of two major new policies. The National Action Plan to Reduce Green House Gas (GHG)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary

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Emissions (RAN-GRK) was introduced in November 2011. This established a national emission reduction target of 26% compared with business as usual by 2020. An extra 15% is targeted for the international community to meet, i.e.leading to a reduction of 41% overall. The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) to reduce vulnerability of social, economic and biological systems,was introduced by the Government in February 2014.

The RAN-GRKrequired all 34 Indonesia provincesto prepare a Regional Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAD-GRK). All provinces including Babel had complied by the end of 2013. Under the Indonesia administrative system, the national RAN-GRKand the sub-national RAD-GRKs are legally binding. However, the implementation of the Babel Province RAD-GRK, introduced in 2012, has been incomplete. Measurement of emissionreductions for comparison with targets have not been carried out. And mitigation reporting by the Province has been limited. RAD-GRK mitigation targets and actions have not been incorporated into routine provincial and district planning and budgeting processes.

The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API)targeted 15 districts and cities for piloting, not including any in Babel Province. Non-pilot provinces were nevertheless encouraged to develop their provincial climate change adaptation strategies. Initially, the RAN-API’s lack of legal status held back action. Its status has now been formalised in early 2015 through its incorporation into the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2015-2019.

Adaptation strategies have been prepared by the pilot locations but not elsewhere. In the case of Babel Province, action on an adaptation strategy has been held back by the absence of a legal mandate and also by lack of climate change awareness and limited high level support.Given that the RAN-API legal constraint is no longer an obstacle,the ongoing revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan offers an opportunity to incorporate both climate mitigation and climate adaptation into mainstream planning for the Province.However, given no clear dedicated funding for climate change interventions, an incentive is lacking to jump start climate change integration since it is competing with ongoing activities for already scarce resources.

Babel Province Climate Change Institutional Arrangements

A number of factors influence provincial government institutional performance and efficiency.The Indonesia administration system is heavily dependent on laws and regulations.Every action taken in government has to be supported by a law or regulation. This provides certainty that an official action can be justified. But it can reduce initiative, innovation and risk taking. Despite a recent law (Law 23/2014)which has introduced a clause which allows more flexibility for sub-national governments, organisational culture is still bureaucratic.

Provincial reporting, supervisory and accountability mechanisms are not fully effective in producing quality government service

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Executive Summary


delivery outcomes.Decentralisation means that decision making and accountability responsibilities lie mainly with the provinces and districts where technical capacities are often limited. Accountability mechanisms in practice are very light touch. The introduction of innovations such as RAD-GRKs, Performance Based Budgeting, Gender Budget Statements and poverty reduction strategies are major achievements on paper. But there is room for improvements in Babel Province in their supervision and accountability.Frequent staff rotations between work units disturbcontinuity and efforts to achieve depth in the development of institutional and human resource technical capacities. And the Ministry of Home Affairssub-nationaloversight role is also not strong.

Coordination of climate mitigation and adaptation actions is also an issue in Babel Province. There are multiple levels of institutional arrangements and multiple institutions involved in both the RAN-API and RAN-GRK.Lack of functional clarity, high level engagement and a silo institutional culture hamper effective coordination at the province level. In the case of Babel Province RAD-GRK, a number of functional inconsistencies between the national RAN-GRK and the provincial RAD-GRK are also evident. The Babel Province RAD-GRK is in need of revision to correct internal inconsistencies relating to monitoring and accountability arrangements. It also omits an important mitigation sector for carbon sequestration, that of coastal areas.

Reporting and coordination for the RAD-GRK should take place at the oversight level in the office of the Provincial Secretary in the Governor’s

Secretariat, and at the operational level in the provincial planning agency (Bappeda). Since the Inception Meeting for the mitigation strategy (GRK-RAD) held by the Governor in 2012, there have been no further meetings. Thus, neither an oversight mechanism with high-level ownership, nor an operational level coordination arrangement, have been active.

Mainstreaming climate change into routine planning and budgeting processes in Babel Province will require high level political commitment to activate effective facilitation and coordination. Climate change awareness and knowledge of climate change in the Governor Secretariat, the planning agency (Bappeda) and relevant work units (regional environment agency, Bappeda etc) will need to be enhanced.

Climate and Public Financial Management

The national planning and budget system operates on the basis of standard procedures and formats which are cascaded down from the central to sub-national level. Sub-national budgets are formulated through a well established system of long, medium and annual planning.But decentralisation policy means that the authority for resource allocation, financial reporting and accountability is heavily devolved to provinces and districts.

Climate expenditure is not a formal catagory in the national expenditure system which makes climate expenditure difficult to identify. However, the Ministry of Finance has

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Executive Summary


delivery outcomes.Decentralisation means that decision making and accountability responsibilities lie mainly with the provinces and districts where technical capacities are often limited. Accountability mechanisms in practice are very light touch. The introduction of innovations such as RAD-GRKs, Performance Based Budgeting, Gender Budget Statements and poverty reduction strategies are major achievements on paper. But there is room for improvements in Babel Province in their supervision and accountability.Frequent staff rotations between work units disturbcontinuity and efforts to achieve depth in the development of institutional and human resource technical capacities. And the Ministry of Home Affairssub-nationaloversight role is also not strong.

Coordination of climate mitigation and adaptation actions is also an issue in Babel Province. There are multiple levels of institutional arrangements and multiple institutions involved in both the RAN-API and RAN-GRK.Lack of functional clarity, high level engagement and a silo institutional culture hamper effective coordination at the province level. In the case of Babel Province RAD-GRK, a number of functional inconsistencies between the national RAN-GRK and the provincial RAD-GRK are also evident. The Babel Province RAD-GRK is in need of revision to correct internal inconsistencies relating to monitoring and accountability arrangements. It also omits an important mitigation sector for carbon sequestration, that of coastal areas.

Reporting and coordination for the RAD-GRK should take place at the oversight level in the office of the Provincial Secretary in the Governor’s

Secretariat, and at the operational level in the provincial planning agency (Bappeda). Since the Inception Meeting for the mitigation strategy (GRK-RAD) held by the Governor in 2012, there have been no further meetings. Thus, neither an oversight mechanism with high-level ownership, nor an operational level coordination arrangement, have been active.

Mainstreaming climate change into routine planning and budgeting processes in Babel Province will require high level political commitment to activate effective facilitation and coordination. Climate change awareness and knowledge of climate change in the Governor Secretariat, the planning agency (Bappeda) and relevant work units (regional environment agency, Bappeda etc) will need to be enhanced.

Climate and Public Financial Management

The national planning and budget system operates on the basis of standard procedures and formats which are cascaded down from the central to sub-national level. Sub-national budgets are formulated through a well established system of long, medium and annual planning.But decentralisation policy means that the authority for resource allocation, financial reporting and accountability is heavily devolved to provinces and districts.

Climate expenditure is not a formal catagory in the national expenditure system which makes climate expenditure difficult to identify. However, the Ministry of Finance has

Executive Summary

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issued regulation (PMK) No 136/2014 that initiates budget tagging for mitigation activities at six national ministries (Agriculture, Environment and Forestry, Energy and Minerals, Transport, Industry and Public Works) starting in 2015. The work on this is ongoing.

A recent important change in the decentralisation law has transferred the responsibility for managing the mining, forestry and marine fisheries sectorsfrom Districts to the Province. Several of these are climate sensitive sectors for Babel Province which were previously the responsibility of the districts.

Sub-national government (provinces, districts and cities) revenues consist of a combination of local income and transfers from national government. National oil and gas revenues are the most significant source of central funding to sub-national governments.

During 2012-2014, 46.1% of the Babel Province budget came from the General Allocation Fund (DAU). Locally sourced revenues (property tax, VAT) provided 29.5% of total province revenue. The rest came from the Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) at 12.3%, the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) at 2.4% and other revenue (9.7%). The province is there fore still relatively dependent on central government transfers. About 40% of province budget was allocated for personnel and goods and services. There has been a decline inthe share of capital spending accompanied by increases in goods and services during the study period.

Climate expenditure does not yet have a firm place in decentralised public finance. Nor is there mention

of climate in any of the central budget allocation guidelines.

Performance based budgeting (PBB) is not as strong as it should be in Babel Province. Targets, indicators, and outputs are not well specified and quantified. Without such specification, performance cannot be objectively measured and performance and expenditure efficiency will be less than optimum.

There are two opportunities for climate change to be introduced into routine planning and budgeting processes in Babel Province. The ongoing revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan provides one immediate point of entry. And the annual planning and budgeting process also provides a channel for the integration of climate changevia the annual budget circular, work plan and budget submissions.

Climate Change Expenditure

The core tool used to guide the identification and weighting of CC relevant expenditure in this CPEIR was the Climate Change Relevance Index for Public Expenditure Classification.This is presented in the UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub CPEIR Methodological Guidebook (January 2015). The CPEIR team adjusted the index for Babel’s specific climate vulnerabilities.The assessment indicated that, because of their high risks in the Babel context, water supplies, coastal and coral reef protection, forest protection and conservations and non-mining income for those in poverty and at risk of climate change should be in the high relevance category.

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Executive Summary


Poverty and gender scoring was applied to the climate relevant programmes in association with the expenditure climate weighting exercise. A low/medium/high scoring system was used based on an assessment of the poverty and gender implications and impacts of the CC relevant expenditure programmes activities. The poverty and gender scorings were applied after the CC weightings had been carried out and the criteria are explained in Chapter 6.

2013 and 2014 saw a significant overall increase in Province climate change relevant activities and budgeted expenditure compared to 2012. Climate change relevant activities made up 3.4 % of total provincial government budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 (2.6% in 2012, 4.3% in 2013 and 3.1% in 2014). The largest climate relevant budgets in 2013 were at the Public Works Office, the Marine and Fishery Office and at the transport office.In 2014, the largest climate relevant budgets were for public works, forestry and transport

After the introduction of the RAD-GRK in 2012, the mitigation budget increased six fold in 2013 due to increased spending on energy and harbour facilities,and continued to increase in 2014 due to spending on forest and peat land.However, mitigation has only been around one fifth of overall climate relevant budget.

245 budget activities were identified by the CPEIR assessment as being climate relevant in the 2012-14 budgets. 97% of these were financed directly by the provincial government. Only four activities were financed from the national Special Allocation

Fund (DAK) of national government. In the private funding category, PT Timah, a state owned tin enterprise, carries out some limited reclamation activity. Reclamation is classified as mitigation because the carbon sequestration of reclaimed land use is higher than for unreclaimed land. Reclamation can also be a form of adaptation because it increases water storage capacity. Here it is classified as mitigation inaccordance with RAD-GRK. An NGO, Friends of the Earth (Walhi), contributes to mitigation through installing solar panel systems for remote villages.

Slightly more than two thirds of climate relevant activities were in the medium and high climate relevance categories. This converted to over 90% of climate expenditure. High relevance climate expenditure increased from 31.0% in 2012 to 47.8% in 2014. The provincial work units with most climate relevant activities are the Environmental Agency (12.8%), the Public Works Office (10.7%) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%). In terms of budget, the Public Works Office (84.6 billion rupiah) has by far the most expenditures, followed by the Fishery Office (27.7 billion rupiah) and the Transport Office (25.8 billion rupiah). Much of this is for infrastructure.

During 2012-14, more than 75% of climate change funding was spent on adaptation especially for economic resilience. For mitigation, forestry has the largest budget allocation.

In terms of poverty, two thirds of climate relevant activity has been found to have high and medium poverty co-benefits, i.e. the added benefits to poverty achieved as a result of addressing climate change.

xiii

Executive Summary


Poverty and gender scoring was applied to the climate relevant programmes in association with the expenditure climate weighting exercise. A low/medium/high scoring system was used based on an assessment of the poverty and gender implications and impacts of the CC relevant expenditure programmes activities. The poverty and gender scorings were applied after the CC weightings had been carried out and the criteria are explained in Chapter 6.

2013 and 2014 saw a significant overall increase in Province climate change relevant activities and budgeted expenditure compared to 2012. Climate change relevant activities made up 3.4 % of total provincial government budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 (2.6% in 2012, 4.3% in 2013 and 3.1% in 2014). The largest climate relevant budgets in 2013 were at the Public Works Office, the Marine and Fishery Office and at the transport office.In 2014, the largest climate relevant budgets were for public works, forestry and transport

After the introduction of the RAD-GRK in 2012, the mitigation budget increased six fold in 2013 due to increased spending on energy and harbour facilities,and continued to increase in 2014 due to spending on forest and peat land.However, mitigation has only been around one fifth of overall climate relevant budget.

245 budget activities were identified by the CPEIR assessment as being climate relevant in the 2012-14 budgets. 97% of these were financed directly by the provincial government. Only four activities were financed from the national Special Allocation

Fund (DAK) of national government. In the private funding category, PT Timah, a state owned tin enterprise, carries out some limited reclamation activity. Reclamation is classified as mitigation because the carbon sequestration of reclaimed land use is higher than for unreclaimed land. Reclamation can also be a form of adaptation because it increases water storage capacity. Here it is classified as mitigation inaccordance with RAD-GRK. An NGO, Friends of the Earth (Walhi), contributes to mitigation through installing solar panel systems for remote villages.

Slightly more than two thirds of climate relevant activities were in the medium and high climate relevance categories. This converted to over 90% of climate expenditure. High relevance climate expenditure increased from 31.0% in 2012 to 47.8% in 2014. The provincial work units with most climate relevant activities are the Environmental Agency (12.8%), the Public Works Office (10.7%) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%). In terms of budget, the Public Works Office (84.6 billion rupiah) has by far the most expenditures, followed by the Fishery Office (27.7 billion rupiah) and the Transport Office (25.8 billion rupiah). Much of this is for infrastructure.

During 2012-14, more than 75% of climate change funding was spent on adaptation especially for economic resilience. For mitigation, forestry has the largest budget allocation.

In terms of poverty, two thirds of climate relevant activity has been found to have high and medium poverty co-benefits, i.e. the added benefits to poverty achieved as a result of addressing climate change.

Executive Summary

xiv


Based on consultations with stakeholders through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, mitigation expenditure in Babel Province could have a higher impact if directed towards reclamation of post-mining degraded land strips, forest protection, replacing diesel power plants and on coastal protection.Adaptation expenditure could have a higher impact if directed towards increasing the non-mining income of the poor population, managing water resources, preventing dengue and malaria as well as disaster preparedness and CC awareness.

Poverty and Climate Change

This section of the report was intended to look at the poverty co-benefits of climate expenditure. Expenditure analysis showed that 43.6% of CC relevant budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 has high poverty co-benefits and around a quarter in the medium category mostly related to disaster response/preparedness, malaria/dengue response and river dredging.

However, climate poverty analysis has been severely constrained by a lack of poverty data. While the scale of poverty in Babel Province is known, the CPEIR team could not find data about who are the poor and their demographic and socio-economic characteristics.

The poverty headcount ratio for Babel Province is well below the national average. Poverty in the province fell from 9.7% in 2005 to 5.3% in 2013, compared with a national average 2013 rate of 11.4%.

Poverty is higher in rural areas of Babel at 7%,compared with an urban poverty level of 3.5% in 2013.

Stakeholder vulnerability mapping carried out by the CPEIR team at the province and sub-district levels suggests that fishing communities are poor and particularly at risk from climate change. Low income segments of the population inplantation and smallholder agriculture, informal mining and petty trading are also likely to be living just above the poverty line and at risk of falling into poverty when external shocks occur. Alternative livelihoods in non-mining activities are a priority but not easy to find in the Babel situation.

The main poverty programmes in Babel Province are the national social assistance programmes of Rice for the Poor (Raskin); conditional cash transfers (PKH)); educational assistance for poor students (BSM); and subsidised health care (Jamkesmas). For fishing communities, there is a targeted Fishing Boat Purchase for the Poor programme.There are also local programmes for rural and urban poverty and for fishermen. To some extent, all these measures assist the poor to respond to climate shocks and to develop adaptive capacity for resilience to climate change.

Poverty and gender activities are coordinated and monitored by a Poverty and Gender Coordinating team at province and district level. The provincial team report son the implementation of the provincial level programmes to the Governor though the last poverty report for Babel Province is for 2012.

xv

Executive Summary


Making progress with poverty alleviation generally in the Province requires better access and analysis of poverty data.

Gender and Climate Change

This section of the report was intended to look in detail at the gender co-benefits of climate expenditure. However, as with poverty analysis, little is known from official data or other surveys about gender in Babel Province.

The only objective source of gender evidence is the Gender Development Index (GDI). The rating for Babel Province is one of the weakest in the country, at the fourth lowest of the 34 province. The GDI index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector. Women representation in political decision making processes at the various sub-national levels is negligible.

Women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children. This is often a constraint to earning an independent income. However, in poor fishing communities in Babel, the processing and sale of fish and fish products by fisher wives is a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands for their fish catch.

Gender mainstreaming in the Province is not strong due to lack of technical capacity and weak accountability mechanisms.

P3BM

While P3BM is not a core part of CPEIR, the CPEIR study was tasked to include a short review because of its relevance to improving planning and budgeting processes. And the system also offers potential for an expenditure tagging system such as for poverty, gender and climate change. Currently, thereare signs that sub-national government work units are using different MDG data sets. Information is often not stored in a central data system but kept by individual officers on their personal computers. High staff turnover as a result of frequent personnel transfer between government work units means that institutional memory is weak and data not stored in a whole office data system are lost as staff leave.

The P3BM concept potentially provides a useful development planning information and data system (MDGs System Database)which allows for easier data management and helps guarantee the availability and quality of data.

According to an independent review, P3BM has proven successful in the initial nine pilot districts, not including any in Babel Province, and there is a solid base for the continuation of the programme.

An attempt has been made to introduce the P3BM system into Babel Province, and some training was provided. However, the system has never been operational due to lack of follow up by the central P3BM team and to lack of financial support.

xv

Executive Summary


Making progress with poverty alleviation generally in the Province requires better access and analysis of poverty data.

Gender and Climate Change

This section of the report was intended to look in detail at the gender co-benefits of climate expenditure. However, as with poverty analysis, little is known from official data or other surveys about gender in Babel Province.

The only objective source of gender evidence is the Gender Development Index (GDI). The rating for Babel Province is one of the weakest in the country, at the fourth lowest of the 34 province. The GDI index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector. Women representation in political decision making processes at the various sub-national levels is negligible.

Women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children. This is often a constraint to earning an independent income. However, in poor fishing communities in Babel, the processing and sale of fish and fish products by fisher wives is a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands for their fish catch.

Gender mainstreaming in the Province is not strong due to lack of technical capacity and weak accountability mechanisms.

P3BM

While P3BM is not a core part of CPEIR, the CPEIR study was tasked to include a short review because of its relevance to improving planning and budgeting processes. And the system also offers potential for an expenditure tagging system such as for poverty, gender and climate change. Currently, thereare signs that sub-national government work units are using different MDG data sets. Information is often not stored in a central data system but kept by individual officers on their personal computers. High staff turnover as a result of frequent personnel transfer between government work units means that institutional memory is weak and data not stored in a whole office data system are lost as staff leave.

The P3BM concept potentially provides a useful development planning information and data system (MDGs System Database)which allows for easier data management and helps guarantee the availability and quality of data.

According to an independent review, P3BM has proven successful in the initial nine pilot districts, not including any in Babel Province, and there is a solid base for the continuation of the programme.

An attempt has been made to introduce the P3BM system into Babel Province, and some training was provided. However, the system has never been operational due to lack of follow up by the central P3BM team and to lack of financial support.


Executive Summary

xvi


Districts

Activities and organisation were reviewed in two districts by the CPEIR team. Central Bangka and East Belitung were chosen due to their high climate vulnerability especially to floods and typhoons.

Both Districts give high priority to environmental issues in their medium term development plans (RPJMD) especially in relation to mining. But neither District mention climate change in their planning documents.

East Belitung District administration has recognised the role of small-scale tin mining, and introduced an innovative registration system to

licence participants. However, with the new provisions of Law 23/2104, the authority over mining has recently passed to the Province.

East Belitung District has banned the destructive practice of sea bed mining because of its concern to develop tourism. But again, with Law 23/104, it has lost its authority over mining. East Belitung has had some success in switching from mining to tourism due to its links with a best selling author.

The evidence relating to these main features and findings is provided in the relevant sections of this report. And Recommendations are presented at Section 9.

1

Introduction


1

INTRODUCTION

1

Introduction


1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

2


1.1 Background

The Bangka Belitung Province Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) is one of two in the current round of sub-national CPEIRs coordinated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Indonesia1. Bangka Belitung is also known by the shorter “Babel” which is adopted to denote Bangka Belitung throughout this report.

The CPEIR has been undertaken by a team of four national experts and one international expert working closely with the Babel Province government. The work for this draft Babel CPEIR has taken place between February and October 2015.

The preparation of the Draft Babel CPEIR has taken account of guidance provided by the UNDP Country Office and the UNDP Bangkok Regional Hub (BRH) climate change (CC) finance governance team in Bangkok. The CPEIR team members have also drawn on their experience of working on different aspects of climate in Indonesia and elsewhere.

The assignment is part of the Sustainable Development Financing (SDF)/SIDA project implemented by the Ministry of Finance with support from UNDP on strengthening governance of climate change finance to benefit poor and vulnerable groups.

1.2 Objectives, Methodology and Report Structure

The overall objective of the Babel CPEIR is to produce a gender responsive, poverty sensitive review of mitigation and adaptation actions and expenditure in Babel Province. Its focus is onthe province level.

The TORs for the assignment state that the CPEIR is intended to provide a better understanding of:

• the formulation and coherence of CC strategies and policies and whether they address the gender and poverty dimensions of climate change.

• the roles and mandates of the institutions involved in climate actions, poverty reduction and gender mainstreaming.

• the processes of resource allocation and effectiveness monitoring for climate, poverty reduction and gender equality related activities.

• the interface between Babel local government and various national and international funding sources.

• climate related poverty reduction and gender equality actions, their allocations, actual expenditures and the sources of these funds

• climate actions/expenditures co-benefits in terms of gender equality and poverty reduction.

• the progression of finance through treasury mechanisms to the delivery of services and actions.

1 INTRODUCTION

1 The other being for NTT Province undertaken in late 2014/early 2015.

3

Introduction


• the processes of scrutinising, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of all climate expenditures and their co-benefits regardless of their sources.

• the ongoing process rolling out the RAD-GRK (the province CC mitigation plan) and RAN-API (the national CC adaptation plan) in an efficient and effective manner for Babel Province.

The CPEIR, through its focus on CC mitigation and adaptation actions, is intended to contribute to the overall development objectives of Babel by supporting the strategic allocation of resources and management of finance. It is expected that this will help achieve the Province’s mitigation and adaptation commitments in a manner that is gender responsive and beneficial for the poor and vulnerable.

The objective of the CPEIR is to be achieved through reviewing:

a) the relationship between national, provincial and district climate change policies,

b) the relationship between policies and actual implementation,

c) the institutional arrangements for planning and implementing CC policy and execution at the provincial level

d) the trends and composition of climate related expenditure in Babel during 2012-2014,

e) the socio-economic (poverty and gender) dimensions of CC policy and planning in Babel province.

The methodology governing the work of the CPEIR team started with a launch workshop, held in Jakarta on 18th February 2015. The workshopwas led by the UNDP BRH climate change finance governance

team and was also attended by members of the UNDP Country Office,.

The inception phase of the CPEIR during February and March was devoted to carrying out desk reviews and an inception visit to Babel Province to initiate the collecting of informationin collaboration with Babel Province official and stakeholders. The Inception Report finalised in March provided a Methodology, Lines of Enquiry and a Work Plan for the execution of the CPEIR exercise.

Since the inception phase, desk reviews have been carried out of:• key national and provincial

development and CC policies, • laws and regulations enacted

by the central and provincial governments,

• literature on issues related to climate change governance and institutional arrangements, public financial management (PFM) and poverty and gender.

Desk reviews were augmented by field visits to Babel Province in April and May and also by meeting with informants in key Ministries in Jakarta including the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA) and the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). In Babel Province, meetings were held with staff of key work units (offices and agencies) and members of civil society from the academic and NGO communities, using semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).

The CPEIR team held a team workshop in Jakarta between 4-8 May 2015 to consolidate and internally validate work around the Lines of Enquiry identified in the Inception Report.

3

Introduction


• the processes of scrutinising, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of all climate expenditures and their co-benefits regardless of their sources.

• the ongoing process rolling out the RAD-GRK (the province CC mitigation plan) and RAN-API (the national CC adaptation plan) in an efficient and effective manner for Babel Province.

The CPEIR, through its focus on CC mitigation and adaptation actions, is intended to contribute to the overall development objectives of Babel by supporting the strategic allocation of resources and management of finance. It is expected that this will help achieve the Province’s mitigation and adaptation commitments in a manner that is gender responsive and beneficial for the poor and vulnerable.

The objective of the CPEIR is to be achieved through reviewing:

a) the relationship between national, provincial and district climate change policies,

b) the relationship between policies and actual implementation,

c) the institutional arrangements for planning and implementing CC policy and execution at the provincial level

d) the trends and composition of climate related expenditure in Babel during 2012-2014,

e) the socio-economic (poverty and gender) dimensions of CC policy and planning in Babel province.

The methodology governing the work of the CPEIR team started with a launch workshop, held in Jakarta on 18th February 2015. The workshopwas led by the UNDP BRH climate change finance governance

team and was also attended by members of the UNDP Country Office,.

The inception phase of the CPEIR during February and March was devoted to carrying out desk reviews and an inception visit to Babel Province to initiate the collecting of informationin collaboration with Babel Province official and stakeholders. The Inception Report finalised in March provided a Methodology, Lines of Enquiry and a Work Plan for the execution of the CPEIR exercise.

Since the inception phase, desk reviews have been carried out of:• key national and provincial

development and CC policies, • laws and regulations enacted

by the central and provincial governments,

• literature on issues related to climate change governance and institutional arrangements, public financial management (PFM) and poverty and gender.

Desk reviews were augmented by field visits to Babel Province in April and May and also by meeting with informants in key Ministries in Jakarta including the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA) and the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). In Babel Province, meetings were held with staff of key work units (offices and agencies) and members of civil society from the academic and NGO communities, using semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).

The CPEIR team held a team workshop in Jakarta between 4-8 May 2015 to consolidate and internally validate work around the Lines of Enquiry identified in the Inception Report.


Introduction

4


Extensive data collection and processing was required for the identification of climate relevant expenditure for the Province.The identification of climate relevant expenditure involved collecting comprehensive budget and expenditure data for Babel Province based on both central Government and Province sources of finance. This was a time consuming exercise especially in relation to finding actual expenditure datato supplement budget estimates.

Analysis of Babel specific weather data was carried out in order to strengthen the scientific basis for the CPEIR climate vulnerability assessment . An attempt was also made to identify the demographic and / or socio-economic characteristics of the poor in Babel by analysing the National Socio-Economic (Susena) Survey but this data provided limited poverty and gender results.

The district level reviews exploredthe district understanding of CC and its implications. The CPEIR team worked in two districts, BangkaTengah District (Central Bangka) and Belitung Timor District (East Belitung). Field work

in the districts included exercises in mappingclimate vulnerable areas and groups. This provided important insights into poverty and gender aspects of CC which were not available from the National Socio-Economic and other surveys.

Draft findings and recommendations were presented to stakeholders at a workshop in Babel Province on 11 June 2015 attended by key stakeholders. The feedback from participants in the Workshop has been taken into account in preparing this Report.

The report is structured around the presentation of evidence for the CC themes of policy, institutions and institutional arrangements, expenditure analysis and PFM, and poverty and gender. The report starts with an Introductory Chapter, followed by the Babel Profile and climate vulnerability. These are followed by chapters on policy and institutional analysis, PFM processes, expenditure analysis, district case studies, recommendationsand a proposed CC work plan for Babel going forward.

2 Assessment of Current and Future Climate in the Bangka-Belitung Islands, May 2015, Dr Akhmad Faqih.

5

The Babel Profile And Climatic Vulnerability


2

THE BABEL PROFILE AND CLIMATIC

VULNERABILITY

5



2

THE BABEL PROFILE AND CLIMATIC

VULNERABILITY


6


2 THE BABEL PROFILE AND CLIMATIC VULNERABILITY

This Chapter provides an overview of physical and socio-economic features of Babel Province and of its potential climate vulnerability.

2.1 Physical, Administrative and Socio-Economic Features

Geographical Features. Babel Province is located to the south east of Sumatra andconsists of two main and approximately 700 small and uninhabited islands. The population in 2013 is estimated at 1.3 million, growing at a relatively high 2.2% annually compared with 1.2% nationally. Population density in 2013 was 80 / sq.km. The highest population density is in Pangkal Pinang City (1,582 / sq.km) and the lowest in Belitung Timur (46 / sq.km).

The total area of the province is 81,725sq.km with land area of 16,424sq.km, or 20% of the total area and a sea area of 65,301sq.km, or 80% of the total area. The soils of Babel have a low pH (averaging under 5) indicating high acidity. This is probably linked to the high aluminum content of the soils. Low pH is a problem from the agronomic point of view making soils unsuitable for rice and vegetables. Soil treatment for low pH is typically liming and treatment with organic matter for general conditioning but these are scarce and expensive on the Babel islands. Babel’s soils contain many minerals such as tin ore which is a

main source of wealth, sand, quartz sand, granite, kaolin, clay and others.

The geography of Babel Islands consists of plains, valleys and some small mountains and hills. The plains are up to 100 meters above sea level and mountain areas reach up to 700 meters. Areas above 100 metres are 10-20% of land area on both islands. These areas contain the most important watersheds which are subject to damage due to mining, which can lead to flooding in lower areas.

Babel’s natural forest covers 52% of land area and consists of dry forest andbush. Dry forests have much less biomass above-ground per hectare than humid forests, and thus proportionally less above-ground carbon stock on an area basis. For sub Saharan Africa, this has been estimated at 17–70 tons carbon/ha compared to 193–200 in equatorial forest, although the carbon pool in the soil may be much greater. Dry forests subject to degradation are likely to be a considerable source of emissions, although the quantity of these emissions is not accurately known3.

The non-urban, non-forest lands comprise 39% of land area andare dominated by rain fed plantations(mainly large scale oil palm, and small, medium and large scale rubberand white pepper), and a small amount of mixed farming and grazing areas. The rest of the land comprises urban and

3 Crediting carbon in dry forests: The potential for community forest management in West Africa, Margaret M. Skutsch, Libasse Ba, Forestry Policy and Economics, Elsevier, 2010.

7



infrastructure use. Mining has had a huge detrimental impact on land and landscape, and to some degree on forest carbon absorption capacity.

The classification of land by the Babel Environment Agency according to degradation risk is: unaffected 10,814ha (1.5%), potentially critical 625,782ha (39%), somewhat critical 722,359ha (44%), critical 144,231ha (9%), very critical 117,860ha (7%). ”Potentially critical” refers to land on sloping areas where agricultural productivitydepends on sustainable land use practices. “Somewhat critical” is land with productive agricultural capacity but with a thin layer of top soil which is degrading

due to run-off and inadequate conservation management. ”Critical” and “very critical” lands have deteriorated from productive to non-productive and are only usable for agriculture through different levels of rehabilitation4.

Soil fertility in Babel Province is generally poor with very low to moderate productive potential. The areas with very low productivity are mostly uncultivated open areas and mined lands. Soil erodibility is also high. These factors are believed to severely limit the productive agricultural potential in the Babel archipelago.

Fig 2.1: Administrative Map of Bangka Belitung

4 Environment Agency BLHD, Babel Province, 2015

7



infrastructure use. Mining has had a huge detrimental impact on land and landscape, and to some degree on forest carbon absorption capacity.

The classification of land by the Babel Environment Agency according to degradation risk is: unaffected 10,814ha (1.5%), potentially critical 625,782ha (39%), somewhat critical 722,359ha (44%), critical 144,231ha (9%), very critical 117,860ha (7%). ”Potentially critical” refers to land on sloping areas where agricultural productivitydepends on sustainable land use practices. “Somewhat critical” is land with productive agricultural capacity but with a thin layer of top soil which is degrading

due to run-off and inadequate conservation management. ”Critical” and “very critical” lands have deteriorated from productive to non-productive and are only usable for agriculture through different levels of rehabilitation4.

Soil fertility in Babel Province is generally poor with very low to moderate productive potential. The areas with very low productivity are mostly uncultivated open areas and mined lands. Soil erodibility is also high. These factors are believed to severely limit the productive agricultural potential in the Babel archipelago.

Fig 2.1: Administrative Map of Bangka Belitung

4 Environment Agency BLHD, Babel Province, 2015


8


Administrative. The province comprises six administrative districts, four of which are on Bangka Island (Bangka, Bangka Tengah, Bangka Barat, Bangka Selatan) and two on Belitung Island (Belitung and Belitung Timur), plus one municipality (Pangkalpinang) on Bangka Island (Fig 2.1).

Economy. Babel is a main centre of world tin production.Its economy has been dominated by tin mining traceable back to the seventh century. With prices determined in the global market place, tin has historically been a valuable metal and a source of riches for some.But it has not been able to ensure prosperity for the general population though poverty levels are relatively low by Indonesia standards. When the world tin pricefalls, the Babel Province economy stumbles.

Agriculture dominated by plantations, together with forestry and fisheries is the lead economic

sector contributing over 23% of the regional GDP in 2013, followed by mining and Trade, Restaurant and Hotels (Table 2.1). The contribution of tin is reflected both in the mining and in manufacturing via smelting. The agriculture contribution grew slightly in 2013 while manufacturing and mining fell from the previous year’s levels.

GDP growth in 2013 compared to 2012 was 5.3%, i.e. slightly slower than for 2012 when the economy grew by 5.8%. Sectors that experienced the highest growth in 2013 were Services at 8.2%, followed by Transport and Communications at 7.7% and Agriculture 7.4%. GDP per capita amounted to Rp29.721.221 ($2,900) in 2013.

Employment and Livelihoods. The

bulk of the population’s livelihoods are derived from plantation agriculture, mining, fisheries, construction,trade and services.

Table 2.1: GRDP and Share by Sector 2012-2013 (billion rupiah in constant 2000prices)

No Sector 2012 % 2013 %

1 Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 2823.4 23.0 3033.1 23.5

2 Mining & Quarrying 1590.7 13.0 1590.7 12.3

3 Manufacturing Industry 2486.8 20.3 2582.6 20.0

4 Electricity, Gas & Water 74.3 0.06 78.2 0.06

5 Construction 917.8 7.5 976.6 7.6

6 Trade, Restaurant & Hotel 2453.7 20.0 2584.4 20.0

7 Transportation & Communication 473.9 3.9 510.6 4.0

8 Financial, Real Estate & Business 480.1 3.9 514.6 4.0

9 Services 956.9 7.8 1035.2 8.0

GRDP with Oil & Gas 12257.1 100 12905.7 100

GRDP without Oil & Gas 12086.8 12726.1

Source: BPS Bangka Belitung Province 2013

9



Plantation agriculture and mining dominate the employment picture in Babel Province together providing 42.7% of total jobs (Table 2.2).

In the climate sensitive natural resource sectors, farming including horticulture is a relatively small source of livelihoods in Babel Province providing only 2% of jobs. Plantation agriculture is the main source of employment providing 23.1% of all jobs. Plantation based employment is largely manual and low paid. Fishing is very important in the coastal areas (4.8% of jobs overall) but operates at low technology levels limiting the local fishery to artisanal in-shore fishing. Livestock and forestry are relatively unimportant providing only 0.6% and 0.8% of occupations respectively.

Trade and services (18.5% and 11.2%) are much more important than tourism. Using the hotel industry as a proxy, hotels only provide 1.4% of jobs and most of these are concentrated in two areas, Pangkal Pinang (32%), the capital, and Belitung District (27%).New mining licences are subject to a moratorium in these two areas partly to encourage tourism.

Data are not available to indicate the extent of multiple livelihoods strategies. For example, mining might be combined with farming or plantation work, construction or on-season tourism as sources of livelihood.

Poverty and gender. Poverty and gender are described more extensively in Chapter 7. The poverty

Table 2.2: Employment for Babel Province

Occupation Number Share

Farming including horticulture 12,358 2.0 %

Plantations (oil palm, rubber, pepper) 144,905 23.1%

Fishing 29,780 4.8%

Livestock 3,544 0.6%

Forestry 5,090 0.8%

Mining 122,780 19.6%

Construction 33,200 5.3%

Trade 115,708 18.5%

Hotels 8,556 1.4%

Education 21,036 3.4%

Health 6,473 1.0%

Services 70,429 11.2%

Other (industry, electricity, transport, finance) 52,868 8.4%

Total 626,889 100.0%

Source: National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2013

9



Plantation agriculture and mining dominate the employment picture in Babel Province together providing 42.7% of total jobs (Table 2.2).

In the climate sensitive natural resource sectors, farming including horticulture is a relatively small source of livelihoods in Babel Province providing only 2% of jobs. Plantation agriculture is the main source of employment providing 23.1% of all jobs. Plantation based employment is largely manual and low paid. Fishing is very important in the coastal areas (4.8% of jobs overall) but operates at low technology levels limiting the local fishery to artisanal in-shore fishing. Livestock and forestry are relatively unimportant providing only 0.6% and 0.8% of occupations respectively.

Trade and services (18.5% and 11.2%) are much more important than tourism. Using the hotel industry as a proxy, hotels only provide 1.4% of jobs and most of these are concentrated in two areas, Pangkal Pinang (32%), the capital, and Belitung District (27%).New mining licences are subject to a moratorium in these two areas partly to encourage tourism.

Data are not available to indicate the extent of multiple livelihoods strategies. For example, mining might be combined with farming or plantation work, construction or on-season tourism as sources of livelihood.

Poverty and gender. Poverty and gender are described more extensively in Chapter 7. The poverty

Table 2.2: Employment for Babel Province

Occupation Number Share

Farming including horticulture 12,358 2.0 %

Plantations (oil palm, rubber, pepper) 144,905 23.1%

Fishing 29,780 4.8%

Livestock 3,544 0.6%

Forestry 5,090 0.8%

Mining 122,780 19.6%

Construction 33,200 5.3%

Trade 115,708 18.5%

Hotels 8,556 1.4%

Education 21,036 3.4%

Health 6,473 1.0%

Services 70,429 11.2%

Other (industry, electricity, transport, finance) 52,868 8.4%

Total 626,889 100.0%

Source: National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2013


10


rate for Babel decreased from 9.7% in 2005 to 5.25% in 2013, compared with a national average rate of 11.37%. Rural poverty was 7.0% and urban poverty 3.5% in 2013. The poverty rate is highest in Belitung Timur District at 7.1%, followed by Belitung District with 7.0%. Bangka Tengah District has the next highest rate at 5.6%.Bangka, Bangka Barat, Bangka Selatan Districts and Pangkalpinang City have rates of 5.4%, 3.6%, 4,2% and 4.2% respectively.

The 2012 HDI of Babel Province is above the average for Indonesia as a whole (73.78). The highest HDI in the Province is for Pangkal Pinang City (76.85). Bangka Selatan District has the lowest HDI (67.73), followed by Bangka Barat District (70.94)and Belitung Timur (72). The Indonesian gender empowerment index rating for Babel Province is one of the weakest in the country, at the fourth lowest. This index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector.

The CPEIR team could not find any surveys or data which describe the poor in Babel Province. The National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) establishes the poverty line but does not say who are the poor. Climate vulnerability mapping carried out by the team identified fishing communities as being most vulnerable to CC.

Poverty surveys in regions with similar socio-economic profiles to Babel Province suggest that poor households are likely to consist

disproportionately of the elderly, female headed households,large households or households with limited formal education.Households immediately above the poverty line are often vulnerable to poverty, particularly those who are dependent on occupations subject to external world market or climate shocks. These would include mining and plantation labouring families.

Food security. Due to poor agricul-tural conditions, Babel Province is heavily dependent on food supply from other areas. 80% of food needs are imported. The demand for rice of 113,300 tonnes (Babel Food Security Agency, October 2012) far exceeds available provincial production at 28,500 tonnes. At the policy level,the food deficit is seen to be a source of insecurity and there is policy interest to put more emphasis on local agricultural production. The sense of food insecurity is accentuated by extreme natural events such as droughts, floods and harvest failures due to inclement weather.

2.2 Babel Province Climate Vulnerability

Regionally, IPCC (2007)5 reported rises in surface temperature of 0.8C for the Asia region between 1970 and 2004; and 100mm increase in global sea level between 1950 to 2000.The IPCC SREX Report (2012)6 predicts that extreme drought, rainfall and wind events are likely to double in South East Asia over the decades up to 2050.

5 Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.6 Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (4th Assessment Report) 2012

11



By 2050, Indonesia is projected to be exposed to significant climate risk especially regarding reduced availability of fresh water due to CC induced flooding. In the case of Babel Province, the greatest risk is in the populated lowland and coastal areas as a result of flooding from degraded upstream watersheds. Food security is also at risk as a result of population growth despite projected increased yields. Increase in mortality due to diseases caused by floods and long drought as a result of changes in the hydrological cycle and global warming, is also expected. The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API 2014) has predicted that by 2100, the sea level will rise by up to 80cm for Indonesia due to global warming.7

The RAN-API (2014) identified the most climatically vulnerable area of Indonesia to be the western and southern parts of Sumatra including where Babel is located.The Sumatra region is classified as CC vulnerable due to its climate variability, population density and ecological sensitivity. It is at high or very high risk of fresh water reduction, flood, drought, coastal inundation, reduction in rice production, spread of diarrhea and dengue, and forest fires.

The Babel Islands have a tropical climate influenced by monsoon

winds that normally bring seven wet months and five dry months during the year. A study of Babel climate

data, carried out for this CPEIR8, analysed data for the three decades 1981-2010.Long term average annual rainfall in Babel is well over 2,000mm. During 1981-2010, annual rainfall increasedby 2-10 mm/year except for the northern part of Belitung Island which decreased by 4mm/year. Annual mean temperatures increased by 0.027C - 0.029C/year resulting in a cumulative 1C increase over the period. Though long term overall average wind speeds reduced, maximum wind speeds increased by 0.055 knot/year. There is no reason to believe that these trends will not continue in the future.The climate study projections carried out for the CPEIR indicate a 4%-5% increase in rainfall by 2040. Mean temperatures are expected to increase over all areas due to CC. In the highest risk scenario, the temperature range is projected to increase by around 2C during 2041-2070 and by more than 3C in 2071-2100.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry analysis (SIDIKonLine) has also identified Babel Province as being vulnerable to CC according to its Exposure and SensitivityIndex (IKS). This uses income,poverty, sources of drinking water, buildings along rivers, and families living along river banks as indicators of vulnerability. Its vulnerability assessment (Fig 2.2) is alsobased onan Adaptive Capacity Index (IKA) with indicators for education, electricity, roads, and health facilities.

7 RAN-API based on GIZ research 2010.8 Current and Future Climate in the Bangka-Belitung Islands, Report for UNDP/UNEP Sustainable Development Financing (SDF), Dr Akhmad Faqih, 2015

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By 2050, Indonesia is projected to be exposed to significant climate risk especially regarding reduced availability of fresh water due to CC induced flooding. In the case of Babel Province, the greatest risk is in the populated lowland and coastal areas as a result of flooding from degraded upstream watersheds. Food security is also at risk as a result of population growth despite projected increased yields. Increase in mortality due to diseases caused by floods and long drought as a result of changes in the hydrological cycle and global warming, is also expected. The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API 2014) has predicted that by 2100, the sea level will rise by up to 80cm for Indonesia due to global warming.7

The RAN-API (2014) identified the most climatically vulnerable area of Indonesia to be the western and southern parts of Sumatra including where Babel is located.The Sumatra region is classified as CC vulnerable due to its climate variability, population density and ecological sensitivity. It is at high or very high risk of fresh water reduction, flood, drought, coastal inundation, reduction in rice production, spread of diarrhea and dengue, and forest fires.

The Babel Islands have a tropical climate influenced by monsoon

winds that normally bring seven wet months and five dry months during the year. A study of Babel climate

data, carried out for this CPEIR8, analysed data for the three decades 1981-2010.Long term average annual rainfall in Babel is well over 2,000mm. During 1981-2010, annual rainfall increasedby 2-10 mm/year except for the northern part of Belitung Island which decreased by 4mm/year. Annual mean temperatures increased by 0.027C - 0.029C/year resulting in a cumulative 1C increase over the period. Though long term overall average wind speeds reduced, maximum wind speeds increased by 0.055 knot/year. There is no reason to believe that these trends will not continue in the future.The climate study projections carried out for the CPEIR indicate a 4%-5% increase in rainfall by 2040. Mean temperatures are expected to increase over all areas due to CC. In the highest risk scenario, the temperature range is projected to increase by around 2C during 2041-2070 and by more than 3C in 2071-2100.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry analysis (SIDIKonLine) has also identified Babel Province as being vulnerable to CC according to its Exposure and SensitivityIndex (IKS). This uses income,poverty, sources of drinking water, buildings along rivers, and families living along river banks as indicators of vulnerability. Its vulnerability assessment (Fig 2.2) is alsobased onan Adaptive Capacity Index (IKA) with indicators for education, electricity, roads, and health facilities.

7 RAN-API based on GIZ research 2010.8 Current and Future Climate in the Bangka-Belitung Islands, Report for UNDP/UNEP Sustainable Development Financing (SDF), Dr Akhmad Faqih, 2015


12


SIDIK online identifies Babel Province vulnerabilities especially in relation to supply of clean water, diseases impacted by CC, livelihoods which rely on mining, and lack of road infrastructure.

There is a strong perception in Babel Province itself that extreme climate events have increased in frequency in recent years. The Indonesia Disaster Information and Data (DIBI2014) has noted that during the last eight years, all districts in the province have experienced extreme climate events.DIBI records show:

• for Bangka Island: floods (2013), strong winds (2007, 2008, 2013, 2014);

• Bangka Barat District: floods (2008, 2013, 2014), strong winds (2013);

• Bangka Tengah District: floods (2007), strong winds (2007,2013,2014);

• Bangka Selatan District: floods (2007,2013), land slide (2013), strong winds (2011,2013);

• Belitung District: strong winds (2007) and flood (2013);

• Belitung Timur District: floods (2007,2013), land slide (2013), strong winds (2007,2008,2014).

Fig 2.2: Combined Vulnerability Assessment based on SIDIK on Line and DIBI

Source: SIDIK on Line (KLHK) and DIBI (BNPB, 2014)

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Vulnerability seen from the National Level

Vulnerability in the Local

Context

Combined Vulnerability Assessment

Climate variability Climate trends and disaster events

Extreme climate events increased in frequency in recent years. Rainy season start and duration are now unpre-dictable leading to unpredictable fishing seasons. Sea water inundation. Floods, droughts and high wind events expected to double by 2050.

Population density Population growth and the needs of food

Annual population growth rate high at 2.2% per year. Low productivity of food crops production. Babel highly dependent on food imports and 80% of food needs imported. Babel agricultural potential very limited due to poor soil fertility and acidification.

Ecological sensitiv-ity and its expo-sure

Geographical Features, ecosys-tem goods and services and food security

Forest and environmental degradation resulting from unregulated tin mining. Watershed damage common and causing flooding. Increases in area of land in critical condition due to unsustainable land use. Coastal abra-sion and marine (coral reef) damage and sea level rise. Agricultural dominated by monoculture plantation such as palm oil, peppers and rubber. Population groups most directly affected by CC are fishing communities.

Adaptive capacity Food security, health, income, poverty, gender, HDI

Health issues related to climate are malaria, dengue fever and diarrhoea. These reduce adaptive capacity and resilience. The poverty rate for Babel decreased from 9,7% in 2005 to 5,4% in 2012, compared to a national average rate of 11.6% (BPS, 2014) but it has not been able to ensure prosperity for the general population

Local perceptions are strong that extreme climate events did not occur in Babel Province before 2007, though it has not been possible to verify this since DIBI data for Babel pre-2007 are not available.

Based on the scientific and stakeholder information available, the Babel CPEIR study team assessment for Babel Province climate vulnerability is presented in Table2.3.

The most climate sensitive sectors in Babel are the natural resource sectors of fisheries, agriculture, water, plus the

health sector. Integrating the climate vulnerability assessment with the limited information on livelihoods and poverty, much of it from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), it appears that the population groups most vulnerable to CC in Babel Province are fishing communities. CC and sea warming are already leading to bleaching of coral reefs, reducing the fishery productivity in the inshore coastal areas.Fisherman are constrained to fish close to coastlinesbecause of the low technology and poor sea worthiness of theirtraditional fishing boats. The effects of CC on fishing is

Table 2.3: Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Babel Province

Source: Scientific knowledge, stakeholder knowledge as expressed in GFDs, in depth interviews and field visits

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Vulnerability seen from the National Level

Vulnerability in the Local

Context

Combined Vulnerability Assessment

Climate variability Climate trends and disaster events

Extreme climate events increased in frequency in recent years. Rainy season start and duration are now unpre-dictable leading to unpredictable fishing seasons. Sea water inundation. Floods, droughts and high wind events expected to double by 2050.

Population density Population growth and the needs of food

Annual population growth rate high at 2.2% per year. Low productivity of food crops production. Babel highly dependent on food imports and 80% of food needs imported. Babel agricultural potential very limited due to poor soil fertility and acidification.

Ecological sensitiv-ity and its expo-sure

Geographical Features, ecosys-tem goods and services and food security

Forest and environmental degradation resulting from unregulated tin mining. Watershed damage common and causing flooding. Increases in area of land in critical condition due to unsustainable land use. Coastal abra-sion and marine (coral reef) damage and sea level rise. Agricultural dominated by monoculture plantation such as palm oil, peppers and rubber. Population groups most directly affected by CC are fishing communities.

Adaptive capacity Food security, health, income, poverty, gender, HDI

Health issues related to climate are malaria, dengue fever and diarrhoea. These reduce adaptive capacity and resilience. The poverty rate for Babel decreased from 9,7% in 2005 to 5,4% in 2012, compared to a national average rate of 11.6% (BPS, 2014) but it has not been able to ensure prosperity for the general population

Local perceptions are strong that extreme climate events did not occur in Babel Province before 2007, though it has not been possible to verify this since DIBI data for Babel pre-2007 are not available.

Based on the scientific and stakeholder information available, the Babel CPEIR study team assessment for Babel Province climate vulnerability is presented in Table2.3.

The most climate sensitive sectors in Babel are the natural resource sectors of fisheries, agriculture, water, plus the

health sector. Integrating the climate vulnerability assessment with the limited information on livelihoods and poverty, much of it from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), it appears that the population groups most vulnerable to CC in Babel Province are fishing communities. CC and sea warming are already leading to bleaching of coral reefs, reducing the fishery productivity in the inshore coastal areas.Fisherman are constrained to fish close to coastlinesbecause of the low technology and poor sea worthiness of theirtraditional fishing boats. The effects of CC on fishing is

Table 2.3: Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Babel Province

Source: Scientific knowledge, stakeholder knowledge as expressed in GFDs, in depth interviews and field visits


14


exacerbated by offshore sea bed tin mining which is further damaging the coral reefs, and adding to the coastal sedimentation already released by onshore tin mining.

The potentially CC sensitive farming sector is very small in Babel. The much larger plantation sector growsperennial cropswhich are less affected by drought (extended periods without rain) than annual crops grown in the small farm sector.

Water supplies are at extreme risk from CC. Both the quantity and quality of water supplies will deteriorate as a result of increased rainfall damagingwater storage facilities and degraded watershedsleading to increased flooding downstream.

The relationship between mining and CC is indirect. Mining is not affected by CC. But mining exacerbates the effects of CC by weakening the natural infrastructure of watersheds and rivers. Mining in its present form in Babel with minimal reclamation of mined areas is a serious exacerbating factor for CC, particularly where it damages watersheds.

CC is a slow, insidious and long term process whose adverse effects

are not always visible in the short term. Public expenditure planning needs to take account of the very long term nature of CC since much public investment is spent on climate sensitive infrastructure such as roads, irrigation systems, buildings which have life spans of 20-30 years or more.

Because climate change impacts will largely be experienced at the local level, action for CC adaptation should be approached as a community issue as much as a policy issue. The design, implementation, and scaling-up of adaptation strategies requires the knowledge and resources provided by communities as well as government and civil society. In addition, many of the barriers to adaptation exist within the policy, institutional and political contexts that govern communities.

The analysis in the following chapters attempts to integrate climate change vulnerability with the thematic areas of policy, institutions public expenditure. and resilience. Annex 1 presents an integrative approach which has played a role in this regard for this CPEIR.

15



3

POLICY ANALYSIS

15



3

POLICY ANALYSIS

Policy Analysis

16


3 POLICY ANALYSIS

3.1 Climate Change in National Development Strategies

Indonesia’s economic planning system is based on a 20-year development plan (National Long Term Development Plan RPJPN), currently spanning 2005 - 2025. The plan is revised periodically. The long term plan is segmented into National 5-year Medium Term Development Plans (RPJMN), each with a set of development priorities. This system is cascaded down to sub-national (province and district) level. Its operation at sub-national level is described in more detail in Chapter 5.

The current national medium-term development plan runs from 2015 to 2020, and focuses on infrastructure development and improving social assistance programmes in education and health-care. Recent shifts in public spending have been enabled by a reform of long-standing energy subsidies, allowing for more investments in programmes that directly impact on the poor and near-poor. These documents at the national level have started to respond to the challenges of CC.

The country’s Long Term Development Plan (promulgated by Law17/2007) accepted that “the long term sustainability of development will face the challenges of climate change and global warming which affect activities and livelihood”. Prompted by commitments made by the Indonesian President under the International Convention on Climate Change process, the vision of

“achieving a sustainable Indonesia” was to be achieved by incorporation of the RAN-GRK (PR61/2011) into the Long Term Plan through a series of mostly carbon mitigation objectives to:

• Enhance efforts to establish a CO2 emission inventory and to set emission reduction targets, these to be adjusted in 2015.

• Strengthen institutional capacity to anticipate the impact of climate change (CC) in Ministries and government agencies by 2015 and achieve the goal of climate-proofing national policies and regulations by 2020.

• Introduce the RAN-GRK and policy guidelines to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26% against a “business-as-usual” scenario by 2020, and by up to 41% if international assistance were available.

• Realise successful CC mitigation and adaptation to help achieve national development goals for 2025. Increase alternative energy resources while gradually reducing non-renewable energy over time.

• Significantly reduce the risk of the negative impact of CC on development up to 2030 by increasing public awareness, strengthening the capacity of local communities, increasing knowledge management, and utilizing adaptive technology.

• Ensure that all sectors contributing GHG emissions adopt a low carbon emission development strategy and apply

17

Policy Analysis


it in ways that support sustainable development in Indonesia.

Mitigation efforts are linked to objectives 1, 3, 4 and 6, while adaptation efforts are visible in objectives 2, 4 and 5.

The National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014) also included policy responses to CC in both the mitigation and adaptation areas. While there are a number of references to CC in the Medium Term Plan, the integration of CC into priorities is rather limited. These are:

• Priority No 5 on Food Security has “Adaptation to Climate Change: taking concrete steps that are related to adaptation and anticipation of the food and agricultural system to climate change”.

• Priority No 9 for Environment and Management of Natural Disasters includes a provision for increasing the management capacity of peat lands, a primary carbon store.

Efforts to address climate adaptation challenges are being pursued in the latest National Medium Term Plan (RPJMN 2015-2019, Volume II, Field Development Agenda, PR 2/2015). RAN-API now is an instrument with formal legal status.

Thus, the Government has put in place several policies and strategies to carry forward its commitment to addressing CC. These are for GHG mitigation, for CC adaptation and for green growth and are further discussed below.

3.2 National Climate Change Policies

3.2.1 The National Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAN-GRK)

The Copenhagen Accord (COP15, UNFCC, Copenhagen, December 2009) was crucial in taking forward global mitigation efforts to restrict the global temperature increase to 2C below pre-industrial levels by 2050. Reduction in emissions is required both by developed countries (with significant contributions) and developing countries. Although not legally bound by the Copenhagen Accord, Indonesia has taken the lead in making voluntarily commitments to emissions reduction through the introduction of the RAN-GRK (PR 61/2011).

Under the umbrella of the UNFCCC COP negotiations, Indonesia has further underpinned its GHG mitigation commitment by carrying out NAMAs. These are “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building.... in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”.

The international commitment made by the Indonesian President in Copenhagen in 2009 to reduce GHG emissions by 26% by 2020 compared with business as usual, and by 41% if international support were forthcoming, is what has driven the preparation and introduction of the RAN-GRK. Considerations built into its design are:

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Policy Analysis


it in ways that support sustainable development in Indonesia.

Mitigation efforts are linked to objectives 1, 3, 4 and 6, while adaptation efforts are visible in objectives 2, 4 and 5.

The National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014) also included policy responses to CC in both the mitigation and adaptation areas. While there are a number of references to CC in the Medium Term Plan, the integration of CC into priorities is rather limited. These are:

• Priority No 5 on Food Security has “Adaptation to Climate Change: taking concrete steps that are related to adaptation and anticipation of the food and agricultural system to climate change”.

• Priority No 9 for Environment and Management of Natural Disasters includes a provision for increasing the management capacity of peat lands, a primary carbon store.

Efforts to address climate adaptation challenges are being pursued in the latest National Medium Term Plan (RPJMN 2015-2019, Volume II, Field Development Agenda, PR 2/2015). RAN-API now is an instrument with formal legal status.

Thus, the Government has put in place several policies and strategies to carry forward its commitment to addressing CC. These are for GHG mitigation, for CC adaptation and for green growth and are further discussed below.

3.2 National Climate Change Policies

3.2.1 The National Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAN-GRK)

The Copenhagen Accord (COP15, UNFCC, Copenhagen, December 2009) was crucial in taking forward global mitigation efforts to restrict the global temperature increase to 2C below pre-industrial levels by 2050. Reduction in emissions is required both by developed countries (with significant contributions) and developing countries. Although not legally bound by the Copenhagen Accord, Indonesia has taken the lead in making voluntarily commitments to emissions reduction through the introduction of the RAN-GRK (PR 61/2011).

Under the umbrella of the UNFCCC COP negotiations, Indonesia has further underpinned its GHG mitigation commitment by carrying out NAMAs. These are “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building.... in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”.

The international commitment made by the Indonesian President in Copenhagen in 2009 to reduce GHG emissions by 26% by 2020 compared with business as usual, and by 41% if international support were forthcoming, is what has driven the preparation and introduction of the RAN-GRK. Considerations built into its design are:

Policy Analysis

18


Mandates from RAN GRK

Redusing Emission Plan (Giga ton CO2 eq) RAN GRK’s Action Plan

26% 41%

Forest and Peat Land

0,672 1,0379 Control of land and forest fires, Management of network systems and, water management, Forest and land rehabilitation, Management of Industrial, Plantation Forest (HTI) and Community Forest (HR), Combating illegal logging, Prevention of deforestation, Empowering communities.

Agriculture 0,008 0,011 Introduction of low-emission rice varieties, Efficiency of water irrigation, Use of organic fertilizers

Energy and Transportation

0,038 0,056 The use of biofuels, Machine with standard fuel efficiency, Improving TDM, The quality of public transport and road, Demand side management, Energy efficiency, Development of Renewable Energy

Industry 0,001 0,005 Energy efficiency and Utilization of Renewable energy

Waste 0,048 0,078 Construction of the final disposal (landfill)Waste management with 3R, Integrated waste management in urban areas

Total 0,767 1,189

Table 3.1: RAN-GRK Action Plan for GHG Emissions Reduction

Source: RAN-GRK

• GHG emission reduction should be carried out through: (i) direct emissions reduction and increase of GHG absorption capacity, and (ii) activities that indirectly reduce GHG emissions such as policies, increase of human and institutional capacity, regulatory framework, awareness raising, research on potency of GHG reduction and any other activities contributing to GHG reduction;

• Direct GHG emission reduction should be done through the rehabilitation and conservation of natural resources, prevention of land degradation and deforestation, efficiency in use of production inputs, the use and the development of renewable new energy, as well as the utilisation

of energy-efficiency technologies and other clean technologies;

• GHG emission reduction must not impede economic growth and poverty reduction while achieving sustainable development.

• Emission reduction is to be concentrated on six sectors; forest and peat land, agriculture, energy, transport, industry and waste management. Reducing GHG emissions in these fields should be achieved without posing an obstacle to the development of these and other sectors.

RAN-GRK is legally binding based on PR 61/2011. Its actions are mandatory and enforceable through the national strategy and policy framework formed by the RPJPN and RPJMN.

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Policy Analysis


Its provisions have been further reinforced through the UNFCC COP 15 NAMA arrangements for developing countries.

The RAN-GRK document provides extensive listing of objectives, activities, and emission reduction targets for each activity. The summary RAN-GRK action plan with sectoral GHG emission reduction targets is in Table 3.1.

Funding to support the 26% GHG reduction commitment is mandated in the 2010-2014 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN), utilising the Annual National Budget (APBN) mechanism. Attainment of the 41% reduction target would use Supplementary external financial resources. These can be channelled inside or outside the UNFCCC mechanism (through bilateral and multilateral cooperation). In May 2010, Norway pledged to contribute $1 billion to support Indonesia’s REDD+ efforts9. For mitigation action above the target of 41%, funding can utilise carbon trading schemes.

3.2.2 National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API)

The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API 2014) addresses actions that reduce the impact of CC on people and ecosystems. Policy measures provided in the RAN-API have been integrated into the RPJMN 2015-2019.

RAN-API was launched in February 2014 as the main pillar of Indonesia’s response to the need for CC adaptation. Its purpose is to provide guidance and direction for mainstreaming CC adaptation into national and sub-national development planning processes. It is intended to be a fundamental part of Indonesia’s national development framework. Its objectives are to:

• build economic resilience• support livelihoods that are

resilient to CC• maintain the sustainability of

ecosystem services• strengthen resilience in urban and

coastal areas and small islands• provide adequate research, and

information support systems

RAN-API provided some initial direction on these areas in the form of objectives, outline strategies and cluster action plans. Objectives, strategies and cluster action plans are formulated for different sectors. Annex 2 contains the guidance for Food Security, Energy, Public Health, Ecosystems, Coastal and Small Islands.

RAN-API should guide CC work on both National Medium Term Development Plans (RPJMN) and Annual Government Work Plans. RAN-API originally did not have formal legal status, but was an integral part of government development planning processes. Activities are being piloted in 6 provinces, 7 cities, 1 island and 1 district, but not including Babel Province or any of its districts.

9 The Indonesia-Norway REDD+ Agreement, CGD policy Paper 56, Centre for Global Development, Feb 2015.

19

Policy Analysis


Its provisions have been further reinforced through the UNFCC COP 15 NAMA arrangements for developing countries.

The RAN-GRK document provides extensive listing of objectives, activities, and emission reduction targets for each activity. The summary RAN-GRK action plan with sectoral GHG emission reduction targets is in Table 3.1.

Funding to support the 26% GHG reduction commitment is mandated in the 2010-2014 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN), utilising the Annual National Budget (APBN) mechanism. Attainment of the 41% reduction target would use Supplementary external financial resources. These can be channelled inside or outside the UNFCCC mechanism (through bilateral and multilateral cooperation). In May 2010, Norway pledged to contribute $1 billion to support Indonesia’s REDD+ efforts9. For mitigation action above the target of 41%, funding can utilise carbon trading schemes.

3.2.2 National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API)

The National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API 2014) addresses actions that reduce the impact of CC on people and ecosystems. Policy measures provided in the RAN-API have been integrated into the RPJMN 2015-2019.

RAN-API was launched in February 2014 as the main pillar of Indonesia’s response to the need for CC adaptation. Its purpose is to provide guidance and direction for mainstreaming CC adaptation into national and sub-national development planning processes. It is intended to be a fundamental part of Indonesia’s national development framework. Its objectives are to:

• build economic resilience• support livelihoods that are

resilient to CC• maintain the sustainability of

ecosystem services• strengthen resilience in urban and

coastal areas and small islands• provide adequate research, and

information support systems

RAN-API provided some initial direction on these areas in the form of objectives, outline strategies and cluster action plans. Objectives, strategies and cluster action plans are formulated for different sectors. Annex 2 contains the guidance for Food Security, Energy, Public Health, Ecosystems, Coastal and Small Islands.

RAN-API should guide CC work on both National Medium Term Development Plans (RPJMN) and Annual Government Work Plans. RAN-API originally did not have formal legal status, but was an integral part of government development planning processes. Activities are being piloted in 6 provinces, 7 cities, 1 island and 1 district, but not including Babel Province or any of its districts.

9 The Indonesia-Norway REDD+ Agreement, CGD policy Paper 56, Centre for Global Development, Feb 2015.

Policy Analysis

20


RAN-API’s formulation is looser than for RAN-GRK since it is more difficult to have a standard approach to CC adaptation than it is for mitigation. Each province has a unique set of CC conditions vulnerabilities and challenges. CC vulnerabilities depend on the particulars of CC exposure, climate sensitivities, adaptive capacities and interests of each region. Because of these variances between provinces, it is not possible to establish provincial targets and indicators as is the case with RAN-GRK. Provincial Adaptation Action Plans should be prepared by involving relevant technical agencies and other stakeholders and in accordance with the local development resources available from the budget (APBD).

RAN-API should serve as a benchmark for sub-national governments in formulating their own CC adaptation strategy / action plans in coordination with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). The latter has not yet issued instructions in its annual budget circular for CC adaptation to be incorporated into annual planning and budgeting processes. However, in its regulation 27/2014. it has provided guidance for sub-national governments to include coastal and small island protection and management in their annual plans to counter CC impact. However, this is more to do with complying with commitments made to World Ocean Conference (WOC) than with RAN-API.

. At the national level, RAN-API falls under the Adaptation Working Group of the Climate Change Response

Coordination Team in the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). The Working Group is responsible for plan synchronisation and programmes implementation as well as for activities with a more targeted focus.

Lack of dedicated funding is a constraint at this stage in developing adaptation strategies in the Provinces. Potential funding sources are similar to those for the RAN-GRK (national and sub-national budgets) using the Medium Term Plans and Annual Work Plans and Budgets, though funding can also be sought from external sources.

RAN-API did not have a legally enforceable mandate until January 2015. 15 sub-national pilot governments have now prepared provincial RAD-APIs or sub-national adaptation strategies. Based on Babel and NTT CPEIR10 feedback, it is clear that there has been inertia elsewhere in the Provinces partly based on the fact that the instructions for RAD-API preparation had no legal basis, and probably also due to lack of a catalytic funding arrangement.

3.2.3 The Green Planning and Budget (GPB) Strategy

While not yet officially adopted, the Green Planning and Budget (GPB) Strategy prepared by the Ministry of Finance, reflects the concern that the country’s impressive record on economic growth is vulnerable to risks associated with climate change and

10 NT Climate Public Expenditure Review, Draft 18 March 2015.

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Policy Analysis


the loss and degradation of natural resources. The GPB contains a range of strategies in key climate sensitive sectors - forest, peat land and coral reefs, agriculture, energy, industry and transport - in order to align public expenditure more closely with CC needs in the future. If adopted, GBP could play an important role in integrating CC into mainstream government budget and planning processes.

3.3 Climate Change and Provincial Development Strategy

There has been no explicit reference to climate change, mitigation or adaptation in the Babel Province Long and Medium Term Plans to date. And until now, there has been little if any awareness or discussion about CC in the Province. The Province development agenda has been driven by development concerns emanating from the national level which tend to centre on growth, poverty and, most recently, infrastructural and IT connectivity.

However, there has been an increasing realisation in Babel Province about the environmental damage being done by onshore and offshore tin mining. The most striking visible effect has been unprecedented flooding in coastal urban areas attributed to damage caused by mining in the upper areas of watersheds. As a result of this realisation, the latest medium term plan - the Babel Province Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD 2012-2017) has given second overall priority to the environment.

3.4 Provincial Climate Change Policy

3.4.1 Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK)

The Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK) has been prepared by a government inter-departmental working group in order to address the requirements of the RAN-GRK. The Babel RAD-GRK has been authorised by the Governor Regulation (GubR) 36/2012. Its main features and alignment with national policy and regional development policies is presented in Table 3.2.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK has set targets to reduce emissions in six sectors (forestry, agriculture, transport, energy, industry and waste management). The total target reduction in CO2 emissions is 55,750,505.42tCO2eq by 2020 as shown in Table 3.3. A notable omission is coastal areas (provided for in the RAN-GRK) since they play a role in carbon sequestration. The carbon absorption capacity of local coral reefs is currently being reduced both by sea warming and sea bed mining.

Comparison of the Babel RAD-GRK and the national RAN-GRK shows that there are some differences in the priorities set at national and provincial level (Table 3.4). This is understandable due to the variation in sources and levels of CO2 emissions.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK action plan has not been effectively implemented so far. Measurement of emissions has not taken place so that monitoring against targets in

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Policy Analysis


the loss and degradation of natural resources. The GPB contains a range of strategies in key climate sensitive sectors - forest, peat land and coral reefs, agriculture, energy, industry and transport - in order to align public expenditure more closely with CC needs in the future. If adopted, GBP could play an important role in integrating CC into mainstream government budget and planning processes.

3.3 Climate Change and Provincial Development Strategy

There has been no explicit reference to climate change, mitigation or adaptation in the Babel Province Long and Medium Term Plans to date. And until now, there has been little if any awareness or discussion about CC in the Province. The Province development agenda has been driven by development concerns emanating from the national level which tend to centre on growth, poverty and, most recently, infrastructural and IT connectivity.

However, there has been an increasing realisation in Babel Province about the environmental damage being done by onshore and offshore tin mining. The most striking visible effect has been unprecedented flooding in coastal urban areas attributed to damage caused by mining in the upper areas of watersheds. As a result of this realisation, the latest medium term plan - the Babel Province Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD 2012-2017) has given second overall priority to the environment.

3.4 Provincial Climate Change Policy

3.4.1 Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK)

The Babel Province GHG Mitigation Strategy/Action Plan (RAD-GRK) has been prepared by a government inter-departmental working group in order to address the requirements of the RAN-GRK. The Babel RAD-GRK has been authorised by the Governor Regulation (GubR) 36/2012. Its main features and alignment with national policy and regional development policies is presented in Table 3.2.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK has set targets to reduce emissions in six sectors (forestry, agriculture, transport, energy, industry and waste management). The total target reduction in CO2 emissions is 55,750,505.42tCO2eq by 2020 as shown in Table 3.3. A notable omission is coastal areas (provided for in the RAN-GRK) since they play a role in carbon sequestration. The carbon absorption capacity of local coral reefs is currently being reduced both by sea warming and sea bed mining.

Comparison of the Babel RAD-GRK and the national RAN-GRK shows that there are some differences in the priorities set at national and provincial level (Table 3.4). This is understandable due to the variation in sources and levels of CO2 emissions.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK action plan has not been effectively implemented so far. Measurement of emissions has not taken place so that monitoring against targets in

Policy Analysis

22


Policy Alignment

RAN GRK (2011):Presidential Decree No. 61/2011 on RAN-GRK outlined in the Guidelines for Implementation of the Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction)

Reduce GHG emissions nationally in the GRK by 26% through the efforts of the Indonesian government itself (GtonCO2e 0.767) and by 46% with foreign aid (1,189 GtonCO2e) in the sectors below: 1. Forests and peat lands 2. Agriculture 3. Energy and Transport 4. Industry 5. Waste

RAD GRK (2012): GubR 36/2012, RAD GRKElaborated from 32/2004 on Local Government Law; PP 38 / 2007 on affairs division between the Government, Provincial Government, and the Government District / Municipal and Presidential Decree No. 61/2011 on RAN-GRK outlined in the Guidelines for Implementation of the Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction)

Lowering GHG in the province of Babel Islands with the target of reducing GHG emissions: 1. Agriculture, livestock and plantation 2. Forestry 3. Energy 4. Transportation 5. Industry 6. Waste management

Babel Province Medium Term Plan (RPJMD 2012-2017) Priority Programs Vision: “The existence of an Independent, Forward, Fair and competitive Bangka Belitung based on local potential through synergy development and urban and rural connectivity.”

1. Reclamation of degraded land and mined land. 2. Improve the quality of the environment

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2012) Priority Programmes: “The inclusive economic development expansion and equitable through the acceleration of infrastructure development and the revitalisation of environmentally priority commodities for public welfare improvement “.

RAD-GRK was issued on 23 November 2012 and the RKPD 2012 was planned before the RAD-GRK was issued.

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2013) Priority Programs:“Economic development based on local potency and environmentally through support from infrastructure and communities to create regional competitiveness and equitable rural - city development.”

1. Improvement of infrastructure, spatial planning and management of environment

Table 3.2: Mitigation Strategy and its Alignment to Provincial Development Planning

Source: RAN-GRK

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Policy Analysis


Policy Alignment

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2014) Priority Programmes:“Increase equitable public welfare, economic development through community based local potency, infrastructure and environmental management to strengthen the national economy.”


Source: RAN GRK, RPJMD Babel Province (2012-2017), RKPD 2012, RKPD 2013 and RKPD 201483.

No. Sectors

Emission 2010

Baseline BAU 2020

Mitigation targets GRK

2020

Projection of GHG’s

reduction in 2020 from total BAU

tCO2eq tCO2eq tCO2eq %

1. Agriculture 534,547.62 2,313,260.73 1,857,256.00 19.71

2. Forestry 19,405,686.27 48,773,767.39 38,307,521.42 21.46

3. Energy 3,690,000 12,310,000 9,070,000 26.32

4. Transportation 476,300 2,258,900 2,027,400 10.24

5. Industry 2,000,092 9,440,000 4,269,500 52.61

6. Waste Management

118,102 239,586 218,828 8.7

Total Emission of Kepulauan Bangka

Belitung26,224,727.89 75,335,514.12 55,750,505.42 25.99

Table 3.3: Sectors and Targets for Reducing GHG’s Emissions

the RAD-GRK has not happened. Reporting to the MOHA has been sporadic, and has been limited to 2012 feedback on waste management and transportation.

There is a disconnect between the

RAD-GRK and the latest Province Medium Term Plan (RPJMD), the work units strategies (Renstra SKPD),

and annual work plans and budgets. The RAD-GRK targets and measures are not reflected in any of these.

The CPEIR team assessed the factors constraining the implementation of the Babel RAD-GRK with the help of FGDs. High staff turnover, lack of awareness and knowledge of CC, inadequate coordination,

Source: Governor Regulation 36/2012 for the Babel RAD-GRK.

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Policy Analysis


Policy Alignment

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2014) Priority Programmes:“Increase equitable public welfare, economic development through community based local potency, infrastructure and environmental management to strengthen the national economy.”


Source: RAN GRK, RPJMD Babel Province (2012-2017), RKPD 2012, RKPD 2013 and RKPD 201483.

No. Sectors

Emission 2010

Baseline BAU 2020

Mitigation targets GRK

2020

Projection of GHG’s

reduction in 2020 from total BAU

tCO2eq tCO2eq tCO2eq %

1. Agriculture 534,547.62 2,313,260.73 1,857,256.00 19.71

2. Forestry 19,405,686.27 48,773,767.39 38,307,521.42 21.46

3. Energy 3,690,000 12,310,000 9,070,000 26.32

4. Transportation 476,300 2,258,900 2,027,400 10.24

5. Industry 2,000,092 9,440,000 4,269,500 52.61

6. Waste Management

118,102 239,586 218,828 8.7

Total Emission of Kepulauan Bangka

Belitung26,224,727.89 75,335,514.12 55,750,505.42 25.99

Table 3.3: Sectors and Targets for Reducing GHG’s Emissions

the RAD-GRK has not happened. Reporting to the MOHA has been sporadic, and has been limited to 2012 feedback on waste management and transportation.

There is a disconnect between the

RAD-GRK and the latest Province Medium Term Plan (RPJMD), the work units strategies (Renstra SKPD),

and annual work plans and budgets. The RAD-GRK targets and measures are not reflected in any of these.

The CPEIR team assessed the factors constraining the implementation of the Babel RAD-GRK with the help of FGDs. High staff turnover, lack of awareness and knowledge of CC, inadequate coordination,

Source: Governor Regulation 36/2012 for the Babel RAD-GRK.

Policy Analysis

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Mandates from RAN GRK

RAN GRK’s Action PlanMandates from

RAN GRKRAN GRK’s Action Plan

1. ForestandPeat Land(APBN: 0,672Gigaton CO2 eq, Foreign: 1,0379 Gigaton CO2 eq)

Control of land and forest fires, management of network systems and, water management, forest and land rehabilitation, management of industrial plantation forest (HTI) and community forest (HR), combating illegal logging, prevention of deforestation, empowering communities

1. Forest(38.307,521,42 tCO2eq)

Establish 11 KPHP and 2 KPHL, sustainable forest use and management, forest protection and security, rehabilitation of critical land, recamation and controlling of degraded forest.

2. Waste(APBN: 0,048 Gigaton CO2

eq, Foreign: 0,078 Gigaton CO2 eq)

Construction of the final disposal facility (landfill) waste management with 3r, integrated waste management in urban areas

2. Energy(9,070,000 tCO2eq)

Efficiency of energy utilization from household and industry, establishment and management of new and renewable energy, and coverting energy and biogas for household

3. Energy and Transportation (APBN: 0,038 GigatonCO2 eq, foreign: 0,056 Gigaton CO2 eq)

The use of biofuels, machine with standard fuel efficiency, improving tdm, the quality of public transport and road, demand side management, energy efficiency, development of renewable energy

3. Industry(4,269,500 tCO2eq)

Green building program. audit energy from building, socialization on efficient energy building, SLO and PLTD on comercial and industrial building, improvement of electricity provision.

4. Agriculture (APBN: 0,008 GigatonCO2 eq, Foreign 0,011 GigatonCO2 eq)

Introduction of low-emission rice varieties, efficiency of water irrigation, use of organic fertilizers.

4. Transportation (2,027,400 tCO2eq)

Vehicles emission assesment, rejuvination of public transport, selection of transportation model, park location management.

5. Industry (APBN: 0,001 GigatonCO2 eq, Foreign: 0,005 Gigaton CO2 eq)

Energy efficiency and utilization of renewable energy

5. Agriculture(1,857,256 tCO2eq)

Training ptt and pht of food crops, controlling inorganid fertilizer, utilization of organic and biomass fertilizer, irrigation management, utilization of low emission rice variety, biogas and fertilizer from cattle waste, no burning land management.

6. Waste management(218,828 tCO2eq)

Minimize waste, rehabilitation and optimalization of final disposal, prohabition of open burning.

Table 3.4: Comparison of RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK By Sector

Source: RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK with ranking according to absolute amount of emission reduction

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Policy Analysis


lack of expertise and equipment to measure emissions and mitigation targets are barriers to mitigation implementation across all sectors. A number of sectors (forestry, transport, industry) are also influenced by short term economic interests which clash with the adoption of long term perspectives on the CC needs of the sector. And given no clear dedicated funding for CC, an incentive is lacking to jump start CC integration since it is competing with ongoing activities for already scarce resources.

3.4.2 Babel Province Climate Change Adaptation Strategy

The main objective of the RAN-API (2014) is to achieve a system of sustainable development with high resilience to the impacts of CC. This is to be achieved by building economic resilience, sustainable livelihoods, and maintaining the ecosystem’s resilience and robustness especially to support livelihood systems.

A provincial Climate Change Action Plan (RAD-API) for Babel has not yet been prepared. And CC adaptation strategies do not appear in any Babel Province development planning documents. This is due to the lack of a legal basis until the beginning of this year, and a lack of awareness of the existence of CC though CC impact is emerging in the Province.

The environment has become a policy priority in the Babel 2012-2017 Medium Term Plan (RPJMD). And the close connections between the environment and CC can provide

a bridge for CC to be integrated into routine planning.

In the short term, the formulation of adaptation strategies in Babel could be based on the local climate vulnerability assessment in Table 2.3 above.

Since a province adaptation strategy has not yet been formulated for Babel, the CPEIR team suggests the measures presented in Tables 3.4 on adaptation policy alignment and Table 3.5 on adaptation measures might provide a basis for developing a Babel Province RAD-API. Both Tables have been prepared taking account of the climate vulnerability assessment in Table 2.3, CPEIR stakeholder workshops and FGD’s, in depth interviews and field visits for evidence collection. Both sets of proposals would involve building on existing policies, programmes and activities, some of which are implicitly already related or dealing with CC adaptation.

Based on the alignment of the RAN API and Babel development priorities, therefore the local level approach to CC adaptation strategies and their activities can be built sequentially based on strengthening the resilience of the most CC sensitive sectors (Table 3.6).

25

Policy Analysis


lack of expertise and equipment to measure emissions and mitigation targets are barriers to mitigation implementation across all sectors. A number of sectors (forestry, transport, industry) are also influenced by short term economic interests which clash with the adoption of long term perspectives on the CC needs of the sector. And given no clear dedicated funding for CC, an incentive is lacking to jump start CC integration since it is competing with ongoing activities for already scarce resources.

3.4.2 Babel Province Climate Change Adaptation Strategy

The main objective of the RAN-API (2014) is to achieve a system of sustainable development with high resilience to the impacts of CC. This is to be achieved by building economic resilience, sustainable livelihoods, and maintaining the ecosystem’s resilience and robustness especially to support livelihood systems.

A provincial Climate Change Action Plan (RAD-API) for Babel has not yet been prepared. And CC adaptation strategies do not appear in any Babel Province development planning documents. This is due to the lack of a legal basis until the beginning of this year, and a lack of awareness of the existence of CC though CC impact is emerging in the Province.

The environment has become a policy priority in the Babel 2012-2017 Medium Term Plan (RPJMD). And the close connections between the environment and CC can provide

a bridge for CC to be integrated into routine planning.

In the short term, the formulation of adaptation strategies in Babel could be based on the local climate vulnerability assessment in Table 2.3 above.

Since a province adaptation strategy has not yet been formulated for Babel, the CPEIR team suggests the measures presented in Tables 3.4 on adaptation policy alignment and Table 3.5 on adaptation measures might provide a basis for developing a Babel Province RAD-API. Both Tables have been prepared taking account of the climate vulnerability assessment in Table 2.3, CPEIR stakeholder workshops and FGD’s, in depth interviews and field visits for evidence collection. Both sets of proposals would involve building on existing policies, programmes and activities, some of which are implicitly already related or dealing with CC adaptation.

Based on the alignment of the RAN API and Babel development priorities, therefore the local level approach to CC adaptation strategies and their activities can be built sequentially based on strengthening the resilience of the most CC sensitive sectors (Table 3.6).

Policy Analysis

26


Policy Alignment

RAN API (2014):The implementation of sustainable development system that have high resistance to the impacts of climate change. The main objective will be achieved by building economic resilience, durable life order, be it physically, economically or socially, and maintain the ecosystem’s resilience and robustness especially to support the living system.

1. Economy resilience; Food security and energy independency

2. Social and livelihood resilience; Health, Settlement and infrastructure

3. Ecosystem resilience4. Special area resilience; Urban area and Coastal and

small islands area 5. Supporting system.

Babel Province Medium Term Plan (RPJMD 2012-2017) Priority Programs:Vision: “The existence of an Independent, Forward, Fair and competitive Bangka Belitung based on local potential through synergy development and urban and rural connectivity.”

1. One village one product (OVOP).2. SATAM EMAS Program.3. Community empowerment and poverty reduction.4. Improvement of health services.5. Controlled use of space.6. Local culture and tourism destination empowement7. Infrastructure development and improvement of

inter-regional connectivity.8. Improving the quality of the environment.9. Reclamation of degraded land and former land

mines.10. Strengthening rural urban linkages11. Strategic regional development of, disadvantaged,

coastal and small Islands.12. Improving the quality of education: compulsory

education 12 Years.

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2012) Priority Programs: “The Inclusive Economic Development Expansion and equitable through the Acceleration of Infrastructure Development and the Revitalization of Environmentally Priority Commodity for Public Welfare Improvement “.

1. Development acceleration and infrastructure2. Revitalisation of six premium sectors for

strengthening the economy of Babel such as: marine and fisheries, agriculture, industry, trade, tourism and mining

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2013) Priority Programs:“Economic development based on local potency and to be environmentally friendly through support from infrastructure and the community to create regional competitiveness and equitable rural - city development.”

1. Economic development through the optimization of the leading sectors (tourism, marine and fishery and agriculture)

2. Improving the quality of education, health and welfare

3. Improvement of infrastructure, spatial planning and management of environment

4. The balance of rural and urban development

Table 3.5: Climate Change Adaptation Policy and its Alignment to Babel Development

27

Policy Analysis


Policy Alignment

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2014) Priority Programs:“Increase fair public welfare, economic development through community based local potency infrastructure and environmental management to strengthen the national economy.”

1. Similar to RPJMD above

Source: RAN API, RPJMD Babel Province (2012-2017), RKPD 2012, RKPD 2013 and RKPD 2014

Rank Resilience Action Barriers Stakeholders

1 Social and livelihood resilience; health, settlement and infrastructure

Housing construction, improved sanitation, increase early awareness campaigns against diseases, combating vector-borne diseases from the environment, supplementary feeding, health insurance and immunization

The level of public awareness is still lacking, the culture is still not environmentally friendly, inadequate funding, lack of valid demographic data, lack of coordination between stakeholders, lack of gender mainstreaming

Village Government, District Government, BPS, Health Office, Social Office , BPPKB PA, Public Works Office, BAPPEDA, Private Sectors

2 Economy resilience; food security, energy independence (not included in RAN-API)

Development of new entrepreneurs based on natural resources, empowerment of fishermen and farmers wives as new entrepreneurs, income diversification, diversifying foods and increase food stock and production, diversifying source of income, diversifying source of energy, Tourism based on natural resources

Human resources and awareness of the impact of climate change is still low, high social issues, regional dependence on the mining sector, the lack of gender mainstreaming

Village Government, Food Security Agency, Agriculture, Plantation and Livestock Office, Public Work Office, BKPPKB PA, BAPPEDA, Trade and Industry Office, Tourism Office., population, employment and transmigration dept., Private Sectors

3 Ecosystem resilience;

Eco-friendly development, controlling population growth, eco friendly transport infrastructure, forest, water and watershed protection, reforestation and reclamation ex mining, coral reef and mangrove rehabilitation

Tin activities at sea and on land continues to increase, the lack of coordination between the parties, inadequate funding, lack of gender mainstreaming

Mining & Energy Office, Forest Office, BLHD, BP DAS, Public Works Office, Marine and Fisheries Office, BAPPEDA, Private sector, NGO’s (Walhi)

Table 3.6: Climate Change Sectoral Resilience, Actions, Barriers and Stakeholders

27

Policy Analysis


Policy Alignment

Annual Work Plan (RKPD 2014) Priority Programs:“Increase fair public welfare, economic development through community based local potency infrastructure and environmental management to strengthen the national economy.”

1. Similar to RPJMD above

Source: RAN API, RPJMD Babel Province (2012-2017), RKPD 2012, RKPD 2013 and RKPD 2014


1 Social and livelihood resilience; health, settlement and infrastructure

Housing construction, improved sanitation, increase early awareness campaigns against diseases, combating vector-borne diseases from the environment, supplementary feeding, health insurance and immunization

The level of public awareness is still lacking, the culture is still not environmentally friendly, inadequate funding, lack of valid demographic data, lack of coordination between stakeholders, lack of gender mainstreaming

Village Government, District Government, BPS, Health Office, Social Office , BPPKB PA, Public Works Office, BAPPEDA, Private Sectors

2 Economy resilience; food security, energy independence (not included in RAN-API)

Development of new entrepreneurs based on natural resources, empowerment of fishermen and farmers wives as new entrepreneurs, income diversification, diversifying foods and increase food stock and production, diversifying source of income, diversifying source of energy, Tourism based on natural resources

Human resources and awareness of the impact of climate change is still low, high social issues, regional dependence on the mining sector, the lack of gender mainstreaming

Village Government, Food Security Agency, Agriculture, Plantation and Livestock Office, Public Work Office, BKPPKB PA, BAPPEDA, Trade and Industry Office, Tourism Office., population, employment and transmigration dept., Private Sectors

3 Ecosystem resilience;

Eco-friendly development, controlling population growth, eco friendly transport infrastructure, forest, water and watershed protection, reforestation and reclamation ex mining, coral reef and mangrove rehabilitation

Tin activities at sea and on land continues to increase, the lack of coordination between the parties, inadequate funding, lack of gender mainstreaming

Mining & Energy Office, Forest Office, BLHD, BP DAS, Public Works Office, Marine and Fisheries Office, BAPPEDA, Private sector, NGO’s (Walhi)

Table 3.6: Climate Change Sectoral Resilience, Actions, Barriers and Stakeholders

Policy Analysis

28


3.5 Summary of Policy Findings

Efforts to address climate change in Indonesia have been developed through the National Long Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005-2025), and the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014) and are further encouraged through the next Medium Term Plan (RPJMN 2015-2019).

The main instruments of Government CC policy are the National Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAN-GRK 2011) and the National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API 2014).

The RAN-GRK was formally issued by PR 61/2011. Through this instrument, Indonesia has agreed to commit to reduce GHG’s emissions by 26% compared “with business as usual” by 2020 using national funding, and by 41% with financial support from the international community.

The RAN-GRK mandated all 34 Indonesia provinces to prepare a Regional Action Plan for GHG Emissions Reduction (RAD-GRK) within a year of the issue of the Presidential Decree. All 34 provinces including Babel Province have RAD-GRKs in place.


4 Supporting System

Create applications for climate information, climate projection and climate change impacts, increasing public awareness of the impact of climate change

Less funding, coordination between the stakeholders is still low, limited information services/access,

BMKG, Agriculture, Plantation and Livestock Office, Marine and Fisheries Office., University, LIPI

5 Climate emergency event resilience (not included in RAN-API)

Channel development / drainage and ponds /dam that can hold enough water, training, socialization of climate extreme events, build awareness and coordination between stakeholders and community,

Development of disaster-resilient infrastructure, lack of funding, inadequate data collection, TI activity is still high, low coordination and awareness of climate disaster

Disaster Agency, BPMPD, Village government, BPDAS, BLHD, BMKG, Forest Office, BKP, Health Office, Social Office, Mining Office. BPPKB PA,

6 Special area resilience; urban area and coastal and small islands area

Improving access to rural cities, improve access between inhabited islands, improving the protection of small islands from sea-level rise and storms

Less funding, facilities and transport infrastructure is very limited,

Marine and Fisheries Office., BAPPEDA, Transportation Office, Public Works Office, Disaster Agency

Source: CPEIR stakeholder workshops, FGD’s, in depth interviews and field evidence collection.

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Policy Analysis


The national RAN-GRK and the sub-national RAD-GRKs are documents that have legal status and are legally binding.

There is a disconnect between the Babel Province RAD-GRK and the province development Medium Term Plan (RPJMD), the work units strategies (Restra SKPD) and the annual work plans (RKPD) and budgets of the provincial government’s work units. The RAD-GRK targets and measures are not reflected in any of these documents.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK has so far not been implemented effectively. Measurement of actual emission reductions for comparison with RAD-GRK targets have not been carried out. Reporting by the Province to the MoHA has been limited and sporadic.

Initially, RAN-API did not have legal status but this has now been formalised through its incorporation into the national Medium Term Plan, It can therefore be used as a framework for CC adaptation.

RAN-API requires initial adaptation activities to be piloted in 15 locations, which do not include Babel Province.

The RAN-API is the main reference for sub-national governments in establishing a local adaptation strategy or action plan. Sub-national governments are recommended to develop local adaptation strategies or local adaptation actions plans (RAD-API) based on the particular conditions, localities and priorities of their respective regions. The RAD-API is expected to provide a framework to help the regional development

plan incorporate development approaches which are more resilient to CC.

A CC adaptation strategy for Babel Province has not yet been prepared due to the initial absence of a legal mandate and also due to the lack of awareness of CC and its future impact on regional development and society.

Based on Babel and NTT CPEIR feedback, there are strong indications that there has been inertia at provincial level based on the fact that the instructions for RAD-API preparation had no legal basis, and probably also due to lack of a catalytic funding arrangement.

However, the environment has been given priority in the latest Babel Province Medium Term Plan and this can provide one of the bridges for the incorporation of CC adaptation activity into ongoing province planning and implementation processes.

Actions in existing CC relevant programmes are available, which can provide the basis for CC modification, upscaling and introduction of new CC activities.

According to interviews with Ministries in Jakarta, limited funding is a constraint to the preparation of adaptation strategies in Indonesia. Given no clear dedicated funding for CC, an incentive is lacking to jump start CC integration since it is competing with ongoing activities for already scarce resources.

29

Policy Analysis


The national RAN-GRK and the sub-national RAD-GRKs are documents that have legal status and are legally binding.

There is a disconnect between the Babel Province RAD-GRK and the province development Medium Term Plan (RPJMD), the work units strategies (Restra SKPD) and the annual work plans (RKPD) and budgets of the provincial government’s work units. The RAD-GRK targets and measures are not reflected in any of these documents.

The Babel Province RAD-GRK has so far not been implemented effectively. Measurement of actual emission reductions for comparison with RAD-GRK targets have not been carried out. Reporting by the Province to the MoHA has been limited and sporadic.

Initially, RAN-API did not have legal status but this has now been formalised through its incorporation into the national Medium Term Plan, It can therefore be used as a framework for CC adaptation.

RAN-API requires initial adaptation activities to be piloted in 15 locations, which do not include Babel Province.

The RAN-API is the main reference for sub-national governments in establishing a local adaptation strategy or action plan. Sub-national governments are recommended to develop local adaptation strategies or local adaptation actions plans (RAD-API) based on the particular conditions, localities and priorities of their respective regions. The RAD-API is expected to provide a framework to help the regional development

plan incorporate development approaches which are more resilient to CC.

A CC adaptation strategy for Babel Province has not yet been prepared due to the initial absence of a legal mandate and also due to the lack of awareness of CC and its future impact on regional development and society.

Based on Babel and NTT CPEIR feedback, there are strong indications that there has been inertia at provincial level based on the fact that the instructions for RAD-API preparation had no legal basis, and probably also due to lack of a catalytic funding arrangement.

However, the environment has been given priority in the latest Babel Province Medium Term Plan and this can provide one of the bridges for the incorporation of CC adaptation activity into ongoing province planning and implementation processes.

Actions in existing CC relevant programmes are available, which can provide the basis for CC modification, upscaling and introduction of new CC activities.

According to interviews with Ministries in Jakarta, limited funding is a constraint to the preparation of adaptation strategies in Indonesia. Given no clear dedicated funding for CC, an incentive is lacking to jump start CC integration since it is competing with ongoing activities for already scarce resources.

Policy Analysis

30


31

Policy Analysis


4

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

31

Policy Analysis


4

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

Institutional Analysis

32


4 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

4.1 National Level CC Institutional Arrangements

4.1.1 National Level Institutions for CC Actions

The National Council for Climate Change (DNPI) was assigned the coordinating role in delivering CC actions both for mitigation and adaptation under PR 46/2008. In addition, the REDD+ Agency (BP REDD+) was to ensure effectivev implementation of the mitigation actions plan.

The new government administration in 2014 has changed some of the structures governing CC. The environment and forestry sectors which were formerly separated, have been merged into a new Ministry of Environment and Forestry (PR 16/2015), and a new Directorate General (DG) of Climate Change created. The DNPI and REDD+ Agency were dissolved and incorporated under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, specifically under the DG of Climate Change.

The following section maps the institutions in charge of reporting, coordinating, facilitating, implementing, or supporting the CC mitigation and adaptation actions.

a. Reporting Institutions

The Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs is responsible to coordinate mitigation actions and to report to the President (RAN-GRK PR 61/2011). The Deputyship of Energy, Natural Resources and Environment is designated as the implementing entity (PR 08/2015).

For CC adaptation action plans, the RAN-API designates the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture11 to coordinate and report to the President. The PR 09/2015 deputes the deputyships of social vulnerability and disaster impact; poverty reduction and social protection; health enhancement; and empowerment of people, village, and areas as the implementing divisions.

The Secretary of each Coordinating

Ministry should ensure the timeliness and quality of reporting to the President.

b. Facilitating and Coordinating Institutions

The Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry12 are responsible for facilitating both mitigation and adaptation actions under the RAN-GRK and RAN-API. The MOHA is in charge of facilitating both sets of actions at the sub-

11 The new name to replace the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare of the former administration.12 It still refers to the RAN-API which is replaced by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry under the new administration.

33



national level, i.e in provinces and districts. The Meteorology, Climate & Geophysics Agency (BMKG) also has a key support role in providing and facilitating CC data. ‘

Within Bappenas, the Deputyship of Natural Resources and Environment is in charge of CC (PR 82/2007). And in the new Ministry of Environment and Forestry, PR 15/2015 has designated the Director General (DG) of Climate Change to ensure that the former roles of the DNPI and REDD+ are incorporated and applied on the ground.

There is no explicit function for CC or even for environmental issues stipulated in the PR 11/2015 on the organisation of MOHA. Only MOHA’s disaster management function is related directly to the CC adaptation actions. Other sub-departments of MOHA are in charge of coordinating sub-national governments in areas potentially relevant to CC, e.g. the DG of Spatial Administration Development, DG of Regional Development, and DG of Village Government.

c. Implementing Institutions

A number of national institutions are designated as implementing institutions in the RAN-GRK and the RAN-API (Annex 3, Table A3.3).

The Ministry of Finance (MOF) plays an important role as a supporting institutions for both mitigation and adaptation actions. It facilitates, supports and manages a range of financing instruments for CC mitigation and adaptation actions. The MOF has designated the Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF), through the Centre for Climate Change Financing

and Multilateral Policy, to carry out research on financial schemes for climate change actions. The MoF has managed the World Bank/Japan/AFD Climate Change Programme Loan (CCPL), the DFID/AusAid Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF), the DFID/AFD Indonesia Green Investment Fund (IGIF) and some bilateral project support.

Other supporting institutions for adaptation actions, as stated in the RAN-API, are the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the Agency for Assessment & Application of Technology (BPPT), the Geospatial Information agency (BIG), the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), and the Marine Geological Institute (PPGL).

4.1.2 Laws and Regulations Determining Local Government CC Arrangements

The government administration system in Indonesia is heavily guided by Laws and regulations. Historically, every action has to be underpinned by a law or regulation. This has the benefit of providing certainty to those who work within the system in that everything an official does can be justified by such laws and regulation. But on the other hand, it can also stifle initiative, innovation and risk taking. And this is likely to affect the behaviour of those in the system, making them more risk averse. However, Law 23/2014 has recently introduced a clause which allows for more flexibility for sub-national governments. Chapter 21 of the Law stipulates that sub-national governments can undertake innovations where they enhance

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national level, i.e in provinces and districts. The Meteorology, Climate & Geophysics Agency (BMKG) also has a key support role in providing and facilitating CC data. ‘

Within Bappenas, the Deputyship of Natural Resources and Environment is in charge of CC (PR 82/2007). And in the new Ministry of Environment and Forestry, PR 15/2015 has designated the Director General (DG) of Climate Change to ensure that the former roles of the DNPI and REDD+ are incorporated and applied on the ground.

There is no explicit function for CC or even for environmental issues stipulated in the PR 11/2015 on the organisation of MOHA. Only MOHA’s disaster management function is related directly to the CC adaptation actions. Other sub-departments of MOHA are in charge of coordinating sub-national governments in areas potentially relevant to CC, e.g. the DG of Spatial Administration Development, DG of Regional Development, and DG of Village Government.

c. Implementing Institutions

A number of national institutions are designated as implementing institutions in the RAN-GRK and the RAN-API (Annex 3, Table A3.3).

The Ministry of Finance (MOF) plays an important role as a supporting institutions for both mitigation and adaptation actions. It facilitates, supports and manages a range of financing instruments for CC mitigation and adaptation actions. The MOF has designated the Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF), through the Centre for Climate Change Financing

and Multilateral Policy, to carry out research on financial schemes for climate change actions. The MoF has managed the World Bank/Japan/AFD Climate Change Programme Loan (CCPL), the DFID/AusAid Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF), the DFID/AFD Indonesia Green Investment Fund (IGIF) and some bilateral project support.

Other supporting institutions for adaptation actions, as stated in the RAN-API, are the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the Agency for Assessment & Application of Technology (BPPT), the Geospatial Information agency (BIG), the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), and the Marine Geological Institute (PPGL).

4.1.2 Laws and Regulations Determining Local Government CC Arrangements

The government administration system in Indonesia is heavily guided by Laws and regulations. Historically, every action has to be underpinned by a law or regulation. This has the benefit of providing certainty to those who work within the system in that everything an official does can be justified by such laws and regulation. But on the other hand, it can also stifle initiative, innovation and risk taking. And this is likely to affect the behaviour of those in the system, making them more risk averse. However, Law 23/2014 has recently introduced a clause which allows for more flexibility for sub-national governments. Chapter 21 of the Law stipulates that sub-national governments can undertake innovations where they enhance


34


efficiency and productivity of basic service provision. Central government will monitor the performance of this innovation.

Law 23/2014 on regional government (which replaced Law 32/2004) constitutes the mother law for regulations which specify sub-national government functions. The national regulations that guide sub-national governments in respect of development planning and financial management, are shown in Annex 3, Table A3.1.

Law 23/2014 provides for sub-national government management across a wide range of devolved functions, some of which can potentially relate to CC, i.e. for public works and spatial management, water resources, waste treatment, drainage, settlements, buildings and environment; housing and residential areas; tranquility and protection of society, disaster management and social security, women empowerment and children protection, children and gender data systems, food security, environmental issues, population and family planning, marine and fishery, tourism, agriculture, forestry, energy and mineral resources, and industry.

At the ministerial level, there are a number of climate-relevant regulations (Annex 3, Table A3.2).

The Minister of Home Affairs has the responsibility to provide guidance for sub-national government annual and medium-term planning. The MOHA regulation 23/2013 which guides the preparation of the 2014 annual sub-national plans, has a specific instruction setting targets for GHG emissions reduction and the prevention of deforestation in sub-

national annual plans. Its guidance in 2014 also included emissions reductions and inventory.

Given that the RAN-API was only issued in February 2014, the MOHA has not yet provided guidelines on what sub-national governments should do in relation to adaptation. Under its ministerial regulation 27/2014, MOHA has provided guidance only for sub-national governments to address CC impacts on coastal areas and small islands through appropriate protection and management measures.

4.2 Sub-national Level CC Institutional Arrangement in Babel Province

4.2.1 CC Mitigation in Babel Province

Following the mandate of the national RAN-GRK (2011) for sub-national governments to establish GHG reduction action plans, the Babel Province Governor authorised (GubR 36/2012) the preparation of a Babel province action plan (RAD-GRK) in 2012. The Babel RAD-GRK was formulated by a working group of government unit representatives selected and led by the regional development planning office (Bappeda) under the coordination of the Province Secretary. The resultant RAD-GRK was approved by the Governor and issued on 23 November 2012. The target sectors to reduce GHG emissions are the same six as in the RAN-GRK, namely agriculture, plantation, and livestock; forestry; energy; transportation; industry; and waste treatment. The RAD-GRK states that action plans should be

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implemented both at the province and in the districts. In practice, only the provincial RAD-GRK exists.

The Babel RAD-GRK has identified a number of organisations that are relevant for implementing GHG emissions reductions. It identifies institutions at provincial and district levels, both state and non-state in the six sectors. Annex 3, Table A3.4 lists the provincial units and non-state institutions that are planned to be involved in accordance with the RAD-GRK.

The RAD-GRK states that climate relevant government districts units should implement mitigation actions at the district level. It also states that the districts units should report to the Provincial Bappeda. Mitigation actions should be applied concurrently both in the province and districts. However, the RAD-GRK doesn’t specify a district government unit responsible for district reporting on mitigation. This introduces a lack of clarity in the districts as to their involvement in implementing the mitigation actions. Visits by the CPEIR team to two pilot districts confirmed that the districts units have a low level of understanding of mitigation actions and processes.

There are a number of weaknesses in the current Babel Province RAD-GRK. There is particular confusion over “mandatory” and “elective” mandates. In Law 23/2014, “mandatory” functions refer to functions of the Government which should be carried out by all sub-national governments. “Elective” functions relates to functions which are not compulsory to be carried out by sub-national governments but which can be carried out where

appropriate to the circumstances of a province or district. See Fig A3.1 in Annex 3.

RAD-GRK categorises health and food security as elective functions, whereas Law 23/2014 on sub-national government stipulates those functions as mandatory. On the other hand, marine and fishery, agriculture, forestry, energy and mineral resources, industry, and trade functions are classified by RAD-GRK as mandatory, which are supposed to be elective functions based on the same law. Accordingly, the RAD-GRK does not provide clear instruction and direction to the provincial and district units to integrate CC actions as part of their tasks.

Four sub-national units are identified in the RAD-GRK, namely the Health Office, Marine and Fishery Office, Food Security Agency, and Statistics Agency (BPS), but without detailed explanation of the roles and responsibilities. Further, the Health office appears not to be relevant to reducing GHG emissions.

The Marine and Fishery Office (DKP) is mandated to carry out to mitigation actions in four non-related sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, transportation, and energy. Again there is no detail on specific roles and modus operandi. The Food Security Agency (BKP) is also delegated to reduce GHGs in the agriculture and forestry sectors. But the Food Security Agency (BKP) does not have tasks which relate to mitigation actions.

The RAD-GRK mandates the BPS provincial office to carry out mitigation actions though its role and function is not clear. It could play a service function role in providing

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implemented both at the province and in the districts. In practice, only the provincial RAD-GRK exists.

The Babel RAD-GRK has identified a number of organisations that are relevant for implementing GHG emissions reductions. It identifies institutions at provincial and district levels, both state and non-state in the six sectors. Annex 3, Table A3.4 lists the provincial units and non-state institutions that are planned to be involved in accordance with the RAD-GRK.

The RAD-GRK states that climate relevant government districts units should implement mitigation actions at the district level. It also states that the districts units should report to the Provincial Bappeda. Mitigation actions should be applied concurrently both in the province and districts. However, the RAD-GRK doesn’t specify a district government unit responsible for district reporting on mitigation. This introduces a lack of clarity in the districts as to their involvement in implementing the mitigation actions. Visits by the CPEIR team to two pilot districts confirmed that the districts units have a low level of understanding of mitigation actions and processes.

There are a number of weaknesses in the current Babel Province RAD-GRK. There is particular confusion over “mandatory” and “elective” mandates. In Law 23/2014, “mandatory” functions refer to functions of the Government which should be carried out by all sub-national governments. “Elective” functions relates to functions which are not compulsory to be carried out by sub-national governments but which can be carried out where

appropriate to the circumstances of a province or district. See Fig A3.1 in Annex 3.

RAD-GRK categorises health and food security as elective functions, whereas Law 23/2014 on sub-national government stipulates those functions as mandatory. On the other hand, marine and fishery, agriculture, forestry, energy and mineral resources, industry, and trade functions are classified by RAD-GRK as mandatory, which are supposed to be elective functions based on the same law. Accordingly, the RAD-GRK does not provide clear instruction and direction to the provincial and district units to integrate CC actions as part of their tasks.

Four sub-national units are identified in the RAD-GRK, namely the Health Office, Marine and Fishery Office, Food Security Agency, and Statistics Agency (BPS), but without detailed explanation of the roles and responsibilities. Further, the Health office appears not to be relevant to reducing GHG emissions.

The Marine and Fishery Office (DKP) is mandated to carry out to mitigation actions in four non-related sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, transportation, and energy. Again there is no detail on specific roles and modus operandi. The Food Security Agency (BKP) is also delegated to reduce GHGs in the agriculture and forestry sectors. But the Food Security Agency (BKP) does not have tasks which relate to mitigation actions.

The RAD-GRK mandates the BPS provincial office to carry out mitigation actions though its role and function is not clear. It could play a service function role in providing


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GHG mitigation data though this role is designated to the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) at the national level.

4.2.2 CC Adaptation in Babel Province

The national RAN-API (2014) identified six provinces and nine districts/cities to pilot the preparation of provincial adaptation action plans (RAD-API) not including any in Babel Province. But the RAN-API also encouraged the other regions to develop their own adaptation strategies (RAD-API) in coordination with the MOHA.

Sub-national adaptation action plans

should be built on an assessment of regional vulnerability, potential risks, and own resilience enhancement. This has not yet been done in Babel Province. CC adaptive programmes should embrace vulnerable groups including women and poor people. Moreover, regions such as Babel Province with its over-reliance on a single commodity (tin) face risks which could obstruct community resilience and the ability to develop alternative livelihoods against future CC shocks.

So far, there have been no steps taken on preparing a RAD-API for Babel Province. However, there are a number of provincial regulations which could be used to support the preparation of a RAD-API and the enhancing of CC adaptive capacity. For more details, see Annex 3, Table A3.7.

With regard to adaptation to CC, since there is no specific regulation in Babel, the national RAN-API could be the starting point to identify which regional units are relevant

to CC adaptation. Annex 3,Table A3.5 lists the sub-national units that are deemed relevant to enhancing resilience on adaptation issues with reference to RAN-API.

4.2.3 Other Institutions

Other institutions with potentially important roles to play in managing CC in Babel Province are listed below.

Sub-national parliament. The sub-national parliaments have a key role in provincial planning including approvals of the Medium-term Development Plans, Annual Government Action Plans, and annual budgets. It is important to have the provincial parliament involved in promoting CC actions.

Civil society organization. There are only a few CSOs in Babel and none of them is working directly on the CC issue. Climate relevant CSOs are Friends of the Earth (Walhi), the Watershed Forum, the women and children group, the Babel Farmer Group (HKTI), and an NGO that works in the tourism sector. Walhi is the most prominent NGO often quoted by the local media in raising issues on environmental damage and livelihood impact.

Private sector. The RAD-GRK lists various private sector groups including palm oil and other plantation companies, mining companies, mass-transport companies, the State Owned Tin Enterprise PT Timah, the Babel branch of the State Electricity Enterprise (PLN) and the Pertamina (state oil and gas company).

Academia/university. Only the University of Bangka Belitung is listed

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in the RAD-GRK. A full listing is at Annex 3, Table A3.6.

4.3 CC Policy Coordination and Reporting in Babel Province

4.3.1 Sub-national CC Coordination and Reporting

CC Coordination within the Province

Provincial Secretary. The PR 41/2007 on sub-national organisation stipulates that heads of work units are responsible to the elected Governor through the Provincial Secretary. The Provincial Secretary is the most senior bureaucrat in the provincial government. These senior positions are to some degree political in nature because the Governor can decide who fills these positions. In practice, the Provincial Secretary will change with a change of Governor. The Provincial Secretary has the main responsibility for coordinating planning, budgeting, and programmes for the province. He also represents the Governor in the context of general bureaucratic relations.

. The Provincial secretariat has three assistant secretaries, each managing about thirty divisions and sub-divisions. There are a total of 101 divisions and sub-divisions under the Secretariat. The large number constitutes a considerable coordination and capacity challenge particularly in view of the staff rotation policy which is applied in the Babel Province government. In relation to CC, strengthening the knowledge and awareness and building capacity

of CC of the higher level officials in the Secretariat will be necessary moving forward.

Mitigation Coordination

On mitigation actions, the RAD-GRK states that the RAD-GRK Secretariat located in Bappeda has the responsibility for coordinating and reporting progress on GHG emission reductions to the Governor. For CC adaptation, given its role in coordinating provincial planning and budgeting, at the strategic level the Provincial Secretariat would be the institution to coordinate the adaptation strategy and to ensure the strategy can be internalised into the provincial planning and budgeting process.

Bappeda plays a main role in the sub-national planning process at the operational level. The RAD-GRK delegates to Bappeda the responsibility of providing the RAD-GRK secretariat. The RAD-GRK secretariat should facilitate and coordinate the provincial units and stakeholders, recalculate GHG emissions every year, identify targets and actions to be integrated into the medium-term development plan, publish results of GHG emissions, lessons learnt and awareness of mitigation actions, and conduct evaluation and adjustment when necessary of the mitigation plan.

With regard to the implementation of the RAD-GRK, a coordination team is supposed to be formed and chaired by the Provincial Secretary to monitor the implementation of RAD-GRK. It should consist of government and non-government representatives. This team has not yet been formed.

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in the RAD-GRK. A full listing is at Annex 3, Table A3.6.

4.3 CC Policy Coordination and Reporting in Babel Province

4.3.1 Sub-national CC Coordination and Reporting

CC Coordination within the Province

Provincial Secretary. The PR 41/2007 on sub-national organisation stipulates that heads of work units are responsible to the elected Governor through the Provincial Secretary. The Provincial Secretary is the most senior bureaucrat in the provincial government. These senior positions are to some degree political in nature because the Governor can decide who fills these positions. In practice, the Provincial Secretary will change with a change of Governor. The Provincial Secretary has the main responsibility for coordinating planning, budgeting, and programmes for the province. He also represents the Governor in the context of general bureaucratic relations.

. The Provincial secretariat has three assistant secretaries, each managing about thirty divisions and sub-divisions. There are a total of 101 divisions and sub-divisions under the Secretariat. The large number constitutes a considerable coordination and capacity challenge particularly in view of the staff rotation policy which is applied in the Babel Province government. In relation to CC, strengthening the knowledge and awareness and building capacity

of CC of the higher level officials in the Secretariat will be necessary moving forward.

Mitigation Coordination

On mitigation actions, the RAD-GRK states that the RAD-GRK Secretariat located in Bappeda has the responsibility for coordinating and reporting progress on GHG emission reductions to the Governor. For CC adaptation, given its role in coordinating provincial planning and budgeting, at the strategic level the Provincial Secretariat would be the institution to coordinate the adaptation strategy and to ensure the strategy can be internalised into the provincial planning and budgeting process.

Bappeda plays a main role in the sub-national planning process at the operational level. The RAD-GRK delegates to Bappeda the responsibility of providing the RAD-GRK secretariat. The RAD-GRK secretariat should facilitate and coordinate the provincial units and stakeholders, recalculate GHG emissions every year, identify targets and actions to be integrated into the medium-term development plan, publish results of GHG emissions, lessons learnt and awareness of mitigation actions, and conduct evaluation and adjustment when necessary of the mitigation plan.

With regard to the implementation of the RAD-GRK, a coordination team is supposed to be formed and chaired by the Provincial Secretary to monitor the implementation of RAD-GRK. It should consist of government and non-government representatives. This team has not yet been formed.


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In practice, the provincial Bappeda constitutes the key institution in leading RAD-GRK actions.

There are two levels of reporting, at the sub-national level and at the national level.

Mitigation Reporting within the Province

The Babel RAD-GRK states that progress reports should be submitted annually by each work unit to Bappeda13. The report should comprise problem analysis, results of emissions calculations, analysis/evaluation of the results of sector and special policies, and results of implementation.

The provincial units who should report are in Annex 3, Table A3.8. The RAD-GRK specifies the institutions in charge of implementing mitigation actions. But reporting requirements are only stipulated (in RAD-GRK Chapter 5) for the forestry sector. RAD-GRK appoints the entities to lead for the agriculture, energy, and industry sectors; these are the Agriculture Plantation Livestock Office, Mining Energy Office, and Industry Trade Office respectively. RAD-GRK does not specify an entity in charge of reporting on the waste sector. In practice, the provincial environmental agency (BLHD) has been appointed by Bappeda to report on mitigation progress in the waste sector.

RAD-GRK monitoring and evaluation results and progress can be included in the provincial Report of Government Accountability and

Performance (LAKIP). The report should be submitted by the Governor to the MOHA, copied to the MOF.

Mitigation Reporting to Central Government

The Governor should submit the provincial mitigation progress report to the MOHA, the Minister/Head of Bappenas, and to the Minister of Environment and Forestry. Monitoring and evaluation should be carried out twice a year, at the end of the third quarter and the end of the fourth quarter. The interim report, which captures progress from the first until the third quarter, is reported in the second week of October. And the final report should be submitted in the second week of January.14

The MOHA reported that only three out of five mitigation sectors have reported from Babel Province since the RAD-GRK was introduced in 2012. Reports from energy and waste comprised 2010-2012 activity reports, while the transportation sector also provided a 2012 report. The forestry and agriculture sectors of have not reported at all.

The Ownership Issue for Mitigation in Babel Province

Ownership and strong coordination are two requirements to enable the province and district/city to work together to implement the RAD-GRK. It is not clear at this stage that high level ownership has emerged to underpin and make effective either the RAD-GRK or the RAD-API processes, both at the provincial and district level.

13 See chapter 6 Babel RAD-GRK14 See link secretariat-rangrk.org

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So far, the RAD-GRK has been heavily top-down. It raises questions about the selection of activities included in the RAD-GRK to reduce the GHG emissions. Bearing in mind the limited capacity of the province to collect data and evidence needed, the districts should be given the opportunity to review and provide feedback of RAD-GRK documents that have been prepared by the province.

In order to internalise the RAD-GRK into routine activities, CC actions should be integrated into the Province Medium Term Development Plan which will be revised during 2015, as well as into annual development plans.

Adaptation Coordinating Mechanisms between Central and Local Government

According to the RAN-API, the coordination mechanism between national and regional levels is as follows15.

The Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture 16 coordinates the implementation and monitoring of the RAN-API with the involvement of Ministers and Governors, and reports on its implementation progress to the President, at least once a year.

The Head of Bappenas coordinates the evaluation and review of the integrated RAN-API, and develops guidelines for the preparation of sub-national Action Plans for CC Adaptation or RAD-API.

The MOHA is responsible to facilitate the preparation of the sub-national level RAD-APIs together with the Minister of Development Planning/Head of Bappenas and the Minister of Environment & Forestry17.

Ministries / Institutions act according to their functions to implement RAN-API so that it can be measured, reported on and verified in co-operation with international funding. They also monitor and report the implementation results regularly to the Head of Bappenas.

Provinces are expected to develop the Provincial Action Plan for CC Adaptation or RAD-API, in accordance with local development priorities and capacity of local budget and public. The Governor submits the RAD-API to the MoHA and Head of Bappenas to be integrated into national CC adaptation actions.

The Coordination Challenge

Coordination is a main challenge in the implementation of CC actions considering the decentralized political structure and governance system that exists in Indonesia. Effective coordination is crucial to regulate the relations between national and sub-national governments. But coordination does not necessarily provide the authority for accountability. This is a weakness in implementation in the context of a decentralised system where plans and programme are introduced and encouraged from the centre, but where the accountability mechanism

15 As cited from the RAN-API page 57-58. 16 SThe new name to replace the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare of the former administration. 17 Given the new administration, Minister of Environment has been changed to Minister of Environment and Forestry. The RAN-API uses the old

nomenclature.

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So far, the RAD-GRK has been heavily top-down. It raises questions about the selection of activities included in the RAD-GRK to reduce the GHG emissions. Bearing in mind the limited capacity of the province to collect data and evidence needed, the districts should be given the opportunity to review and provide feedback of RAD-GRK documents that have been prepared by the province.

In order to internalise the RAD-GRK into routine activities, CC actions should be integrated into the Province Medium Term Development Plan which will be revised during 2015, as well as into annual development plans.

Adaptation Coordinating Mechanisms between Central and Local Government

According to the RAN-API, the coordination mechanism between national and regional levels is as follows15.

The Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture 16 coordinates the implementation and monitoring of the RAN-API with the involvement of Ministers and Governors, and reports on its implementation progress to the President, at least once a year.

The Head of Bappenas coordinates the evaluation and review of the integrated RAN-API, and develops guidelines for the preparation of sub-national Action Plans for CC Adaptation or RAD-API.

The MOHA is responsible to facilitate the preparation of the sub-national level RAD-APIs together with the Minister of Development Planning/Head of Bappenas and the Minister of Environment & Forestry17.

Ministries / Institutions act according to their functions to implement RAN-API so that it can be measured, reported on and verified in co-operation with international funding. They also monitor and report the implementation results regularly to the Head of Bappenas.

Provinces are expected to develop the Provincial Action Plan for CC Adaptation or RAD-API, in accordance with local development priorities and capacity of local budget and public. The Governor submits the RAD-API to the MoHA and Head of Bappenas to be integrated into national CC adaptation actions.

The Coordination Challenge

Coordination is a main challenge in the implementation of CC actions considering the decentralized political structure and governance system that exists in Indonesia. Effective coordination is crucial to regulate the relations between national and sub-national governments. But coordination does not necessarily provide the authority for accountability. This is a weakness in implementation in the context of a decentralised system where plans and programme are introduced and encouraged from the centre, but where the accountability mechanism

15 As cited from the RAN-API page 57-58. 16 SThe new name to replace the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare of the former administration. 17 Given the new administration, Minister of Environment has been changed to Minister of Environment and Forestry. The RAN-API uses the old

nomenclature.


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depends on self-assessment at the lower levels of administration .

Coordination problems exist at all government levels. Coordination ineffectiveness is caused mostly by lack of functional clarity and leadership and a silo institutional culture. In the case of CC, CC issues only can be solved by collaboration of a number of institutions. This is particularly because CC does not have an institution dedicated solely to managing CC. Without effective leadership and clarity of tasks and mandates division among institutions, the problems are unlikely to be solved effectively.

Coordinating with and Integrating CC Actions into Village Plans and Budgets

Villages also prepare development plans as a basis for preparing the village budget (Law 6/2014). The document should be prepared by involving all communities in the village through the village development forum (Village Musrenbang). Village development plans feed into the district and provincial plans. Implementation can be financed by a combination of own budget and district and province budgets.

The Village Musrenbang is a mechanism to establish village medium-term development plan and annual village development plan. Unlike the higher level development plans which cover a five year-period, the village medium-term plans cover a six years period.

Villages are at the forefront of encountering CC exposure and vulnerability impacted by CC.

Connecting villages to the SIDIK online system which provides village level data would help them to identify needs to encounter CC impact in the future.

Awareness raising and capacity building in relation to CC will be necessary for village councils and officials. Communities involved in the village planning and budgeting process should be made aware of CC issues to plan for CC in the future and to help improve village CC resilience.

4.4 Sub-national Government Capacity Assessment

A capacity assessment was carried out by the CPEIR to gauge the enabling environment for the implementation of CC actions in Babel; and the knowledge and awareness of the work units to respond to CC. The assessment methodology comprised three dimensions, namely points of entry at the levels of enabling environment and organisation; core issues on institutional arrangements and knowledge/awareness; and functional capacities which consist of capacities to formulate policies and strategies, engage stakeholders, and budget and implement.

A quantitative approach was used to give a ranking for the assessment, as follows.

1 - No evidence of relevant capacity2 - Anecdotal evidence capacity3 - Partially developed capacity4 - Widespread, but not

comprehensive, evidence of capacity

5 - Fully developed capacity

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The assessment results indicated that the capacity of Babel Province to implement CC actions is quite low. The highest score was for the provincial Environment Agency which scored 4 out of 5. Bappeda, Disaster Agency and Health Office scored 3 out of 5 and the other work units scored between 1.5 to 2.4. Details of the methodology and results are in Annex 4.

Some institutions, Bappeda, Environment Agency and Forestry Office, have integrated CC mitigation and adaptation actions explicitly into their strategic plans. Other organisations have CC relevant programmes without them being labelled explicitly as CC. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness still needs to be enhanced for the public servants to get the CC implementation in line with their strategic plans and acquire and preserve CC knowledge within the institution.

4.5 Institutional Findings

General CC Institutional Arrangements

A number of factors influence the performance of the provincial government administration system and the behaviour of officials who work within it.

The government administration system in Indonesia is heavily guided by laws and regulations. Accountability mechanisms in Babel Province are not completely effective in producing good quality planning outcomes. The decentralised system means that decision making and accountability responsibilities lie

mainly with the provinces and districts where technical capacities are often limited.

BAPPENAS, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and MOHA are institutions whose roles facilitate and coordinate the CC actions. However, at the sub-national level, the MOHA is the key institution to advise sub-national governments to implement their RAD-GRKs and establish the sub-national adaptation strategy.

MOHA capacity to provide an oversight role, in particular on CC issues, is quite weak in terms of ensuring accountability and good quality reporting from the sub-national level. Accountability mechanisms in practice are very light touch if they operate at all.

Innovations such as RAD-GRK, PBB and GBS can be made more effective through strengthening supervision and accountability processes. Frequent staff rotations between work units constrain achieving depth in the development of technical capacities.

Babel Province CC Institutional Arrangements

The Provincial Secretary is the key position for coordinating and monitoring according to the RAD-GRK, but in practice Bappeda plays the main role in RAD-GRK implementation.

The Babel RAD-GRK has comprehensively identified institutions to implement and report on the mitigation actions. However, changes are needed to make the RAD-GRK more internally and

41



The assessment results indicated that the capacity of Babel Province to implement CC actions is quite low. The highest score was for the provincial Environment Agency which scored 4 out of 5. Bappeda, Disaster Agency and Health Office scored 3 out of 5 and the other work units scored between 1.5 to 2.4. Details of the methodology and results are in Annex 4.

Some institutions, Bappeda, Environment Agency and Forestry Office, have integrated CC mitigation and adaptation actions explicitly into their strategic plans. Other organisations have CC relevant programmes without them being labelled explicitly as CC. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness still needs to be enhanced for the public servants to get the CC implementation in line with their strategic plans and acquire and preserve CC knowledge within the institution.

4.5 Institutional Findings

General CC Institutional Arrangements

A number of factors influence the performance of the provincial government administration system and the behaviour of officials who work within it.

The government administration system in Indonesia is heavily guided by laws and regulations. Accountability mechanisms in Babel Province are not completely effective in producing good quality planning outcomes. The decentralised system means that decision making and accountability responsibilities lie

mainly with the provinces and districts where technical capacities are often limited.

BAPPENAS, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and MOHA are institutions whose roles facilitate and coordinate the CC actions. However, at the sub-national level, the MOHA is the key institution to advise sub-national governments to implement their RAD-GRKs and establish the sub-national adaptation strategy.

MOHA capacity to provide an oversight role, in particular on CC issues, is quite weak in terms of ensuring accountability and good quality reporting from the sub-national level. Accountability mechanisms in practice are very light touch if they operate at all.

Innovations such as RAD-GRK, PBB and GBS can be made more effective through strengthening supervision and accountability processes. Frequent staff rotations between work units constrain achieving depth in the development of technical capacities.

Babel Province CC Institutional Arrangements

The Provincial Secretary is the key position for coordinating and monitoring according to the RAD-GRK, but in practice Bappeda plays the main role in RAD-GRK implementation.

The Babel RAD-GRK has comprehensively identified institutions to implement and report on the mitigation actions. However, changes are needed to make the RAD-GRK more internally and



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externally consistent. The division of functions is not consistent with the law on sub-national government. The rationales behind some of the proposed arrangements are not clear. And the RAD-GRK doesn’t clearly specify the districts units and mechanism to coordinate, monitor and implement.

The RAD-GRK in Babel Province is not currently working effectively. There have been few coordination and monitoring meetings. The CC mitigation coordination team as mandated in the RAD GRK has not been established. At least two sectors of RAD GRK have not reported.

In terms of integrating CC actions into Village plans, Law 6/2014 stipulates that villages are to play a more autonomous role in preparing their own plans and budgets. Villages are at the forefront of confronting CC exposure and vulnerability. Hence their capacity to encounter CC should be enhanced.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry is building an inventory and vulnerability index data system, the SIDIK online, which contains a number of vulnerability indicators that using village-based data. Connecting

villages to the SIDIK online system would help them to identify needs to encounter CC impact in the future.

CC Coordination Issues

In the context of CC, CC issues only can be solved by collaboration of a number of institutions. This is particularly because there is no single institution solely dedicated to managing CC. Without effective leadership and clarity of tasks and mandates among institutions, these problems are less likely to be solved.

CC Capacity Assessment

The capacity of Babel Province to implement CC actions is still low. Some arrangements in the form of regional regulations have been in place. These could be starting points to enhance the enabling environment for the Province. At the organisational level, some institutions have integrated CC mitigation and adaptation actions into their strategic plans. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness still needs to be strengthened for public bodies to align CC implementation with their strategic plans and preserve CC knowledge within the institution.

43



5

PFM PROCESSES

43



5

PFM PROCESSES

PFM Processes

44


5.1 Decentralisation in Indonesia

As a large and archipelagic area, Indonesia historically consisted of small kingdoms with a brief period of unification at the peak of the Majapahit Kingdom under Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389 M) and in the late stage of Dutch colonisation (1912-1942). The New Order policies under the Suharto Government consolidated power at the centre and made the regions dependent on the whims of central government during the 1980’s and early 1990’s. Efforts to centralise the public finances during the Sukarno era were resisted by regionally based armed rebellions, the most prominent of which was the PRRI in Sumatra and Permesta in Sulawesi.

The centrifugal relationship barely held in the late 1990’s when regions endowed with rich natural resources (especially oil and gas) demanded independence. The dramatic policy response was the “Big-Bang” decentralisation regulated by Laws 22/1999 and 25/1999. These shifted significant powers to district governments except for justice, monetary, fiscal and foreign policy, defence and religion. Law 32/2004 provided a further revision to reaffirm the boundaries between central and local government.

The recent Law 23/2014 has transferred some responsibilities from district to provincial governments including the authority to manage important sectors including mining,

forestry, and marine fisheries. The most influencing reasons behind this change in the law are the massive overlapping licenses issued by district governments and the environmental degradation caused by inefficient management.

5.2 Sub-National Fiscal Management in Indonesia

Sub-national government (province, district & city) revenue comprises a combination of local revenue and transfers from national government. The transfers consist of two main types, namely:

A. The Balancing Fund (Dana perimbangan) which consists of:

The Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) provides grant funds which are returned to sub-national government from revenues raised in that sub-national location. These are mainly derived from natural resource exploitation, mostly from oil and gas but also from mining and forestry. These funds are collected by the central government and then distributed back to the regions in accordance with the Laws 22/1999 and 25/1999.

The General Allocation Fund (DAU) provides unconditional/unearmarked

5 PFM PROCESSES

45

PFM Processes


funding to all regions in Indonesia based on a formula which takes account of population, poverty, HDI, fiscal capacity and needs.

The Special Allocation Fund (DAK) provides c o n d i t i o n a l / e a r m a r k e d funds to local governments as aid programmes for activities specified by central government especially for infrastructure and education.

These are all become part of the sub-national (province and district) budgets.

B. The Special Autonomy, Transfer and Adjustment Funds which consists of:

Special Autonomy Fund Transfer Papua and West Papua

Special Autonomy Fund Transfer Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

Adjustment Funds Transfer (TP). These are to carry out central government programmes but administered by province and district governments, but are not part of the sub-national government budgets.

Transfers overall to local government have had a slight tendency to grow (2010-2014) with the exception

Note: percentages are shares of National Budget. Source: National Budget 2015 (APBN)

Fig 5.1: Local Transfers from the National Budget

Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH)

Unconditional Grants (DAU)

Conditional Grants (DAK)

Special Autonomy and Adjustment Funds

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) 7,8% 6,8% 7,0% 6,1% 5,9%

Unconditional Grants (DAU) 19,4% 18,3% 19,1% 18,5% 18,8%

Conditional Grants (DAK) 2,0% 2,1% 1,8% 1,9% 1,8%

Special Autonomy and Adjustment Funda 1,6% 4,8% 4,9% 5,0% 5,8%

45

PFM Processes


funding to all regions in Indonesia based on a formula which takes account of population, poverty, HDI, fiscal capacity and needs.

The Special Allocation Fund (DAK) provides c o n d i t i o n a l / e a r m a r k e d funds to local governments as aid programmes for activities specified by central government especially for infrastructure and education.

These are all become part of the sub-national (province and district) budgets.

B. The Special Autonomy, Transfer and Adjustment Funds which consists of:

Special Autonomy Fund Transfer Papua and West Papua

Special Autonomy Fund Transfer Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

Adjustment Funds Transfer (TP). These are to carry out central government programmes but administered by province and district governments, but are not part of the sub-national government budgets.

Transfers overall to local government have had a slight tendency to grow (2010-2014) with the exception

Note: percentages are shares of National Budget. Source: National Budget 2015 (APBN)

Fig 5.1: Local Transfers from the National Budget

Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH)

Unconditional Grants (DAU)

Conditional Grants (DAK)

Special Autonomy and Adjustment Funds

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) 7,8% 6,8% 7,0% 6,1% 5,9%

Unconditional Grants (DAU) 19,4% 18,3% 19,1% 18,5% 18,8%

Conditional Grants (DAK) 2,0% 2,1% 1,8% 1,9% 1,8%

Special Autonomy and Adjustment Funda 1,6% 4,8% 4,9% 5,0% 5,8%

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of the Revenue Sharing fund (Fig 5.1) and have comprised almost one third of total central government spending during this period.

Table 5.1 lays out the revenue sharing allocations between central, provincial and district governments. Though the proportions for oil and

gas are the lowest in percentage terms, oil and gas are the largest in terms of value in sub-national goverment budgets, being more than 70% of district annual revenue in some extreme cases. Mining and forest revenues comprised 12% (4 year average) of Babel province 2011-2014 revenue.

Revenue Source Central ProvincialProducing districts

Other districts in the same province

All districts in Indonesia

Mining - Land-rent 20 16 64 0 0

Mining – Royalty 20 16 32 32 0

Land & Building Tax 9 16.2 64.8 0 10

Land/Building Transfer Fee 0 16 64 0 20

Personal Income Tax 80 8 12 0 0

Forest License Fee 20 16 64 0 0

Forest Resource Rent 20 16 32 32 0

Reforestation levy 60 0 40 0 0

Oil 84.5 3.1 6.2 6.2 0

Gas 69.5 6.1 12.2 12.2 0

Geothermal - central share deposit 20 16 32 32 0

Geothermal - Land rent and production 20 16 32 32 0

Table 5.1: Allocations (%) For Shared-Revenue From Taxes And Natural Resources

Source: Law 25/1999

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5.3 Planning and Budget Processes

The planning and budget process is presented diagrammatically in Fig 5.2. Budgets are allocated according to development plans. Law 25/2004 regulates national development planning and is the basis of the budgeting process. At the national level, there are several categories of development plans. The National Long Term Development Plan (RPJP) covers a period of 20 years. Every five years, the government prepares the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) which contains development priorities, the macroeconomic framework, the direction of fiscal policy, as well as programmes of government ministries and institutions. Ministries and institutions then refer to the National Medium Term Plan (RPJM) when drafting their

five-year Strategic Plans (Renstra K/L). These strategic plans provide the framework and guidelines for the one-year work plans for ministries and institutions (Renja K/L). The Medium Term Plan is also used as a guide for the five-year Government Work Plan (RKP). The RKP guides the government budgeting process. There is a Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) but it has little practical effect since annual budgets are more influenced by the dynamics of the annual budget negotiations between Government and Parliament.

Budgets which are structured on a programme budget model, are drafted within the relevant ministries and institutions. Based on the the five-year Government Work Plan (RKP) and the ministry one-year Work Plans (Renja K/L), ministries and institutions

Fig 5.2: The National and Sub-national Budget Process

Source: NTT CPEIR 2014

Planning Budgeting

Local Government

NationalGovernment

RenstraKL

DetailedAPBN

RPJMLocal

RKPLocal

RKP RAPBN APBN

RAPBD APBD

RenstraSKPD

Renja-SKPD

RKA-SKPD

DetailedAPBD

Renja-KL RKA-KL

RPJPNational

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance Refer to

Refer to

Guidance

RPJPLocal

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

RPJMNational

Referring Referring Diserasikan melalui Musrenbang

To beDetailed

To beDetailed

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5.3 Planning and Budget Processes

The planning and budget process is presented diagrammatically in Fig 5.2. Budgets are allocated according to development plans. Law 25/2004 regulates national development planning and is the basis of the budgeting process. At the national level, there are several categories of development plans. The National Long Term Development Plan (RPJP) covers a period of 20 years. Every five years, the government prepares the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) which contains development priorities, the macroeconomic framework, the direction of fiscal policy, as well as programmes of government ministries and institutions. Ministries and institutions then refer to the National Medium Term Plan (RPJM) when drafting their

five-year Strategic Plans (Renstra K/L). These strategic plans provide the framework and guidelines for the one-year work plans for ministries and institutions (Renja K/L). The Medium Term Plan is also used as a guide for the five-year Government Work Plan (RKP). The RKP guides the government budgeting process. There is a Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) but it has little practical effect since annual budgets are more influenced by the dynamics of the annual budget negotiations between Government and Parliament.

Budgets which are structured on a programme budget model, are drafted within the relevant ministries and institutions. Based on the the five-year Government Work Plan (RKP) and the ministry one-year Work Plans (Renja K/L), ministries and institutions

Fig 5.2: The National and Sub-national Budget Process

Source: NTT CPEIR 2014

Planning Budgeting

Local Government

NationalGovernment

RenstraKL

DetailedAPBN

RPJMLocal

RKPLocal

RKP RAPBN APBN

RAPBD APBD

RenstraSKPD

Renja-SKPD

RKA-SKPD

DetailedAPBD

Renja-KL RKA-KL

RPJPNational

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance Refer to

Refer to

Guidance

RPJPLocal

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance

RPJMNational

Referring Referring Diserasikan melalui Musrenbang

To beDetailed

To beDetailed

PFM Processes

48


will then draft the Ministry/ Institution Work Plan and Budget Proposal (RKA K/L). The draft will be discussed with the national parliament and then be reviewed by the MOF. After being reviewed, the Draft National Government Budget (RAPBN) will then be prepared. After approval of the draft, it will be enacted as the State Budget Law (APBN). The State Budget comprises both government revenue and expenditure.

The Government Regulation (GR) 90/2010 further details the implementation of the State Budget referring to Ministry/Institution’s Work Plan and Draft Budget. Almost every year, the Minister of Finance issues a regulation (PMK) providing instructions for the preparation of Ministry or Institution Work Plans and Budgets (RKA K/L). The current regulation is PMK 136/2014.

Province, district and city governments are allocated budgets through a similar process as for the national government. GR 58/2005 on Regional Financial Management and the MOHA regulation on Guidelines for Budget Drafting 37/2014 regulate how budgets are allocated to local governments.

The programmes and activities of provincial, district and city governments should support achieving national development goals. Sub-national governments (provinces, districts and cities) should also prepare their own long-term regional development plan (RPJP Daerah) for a period of 20 years. This plan uses the central government long-term plan (National RPJP) as a guide. The medium-term plans (local RPJM) of local governments are developed

using the National RPJM and the Provincial/District/Municipality RPJP as guidelines. Bappeda takes the lead in preparing long, medium and annual development plans.

The sub-national (provinces/districts) RPJMD should be used as the reference for the development of the each Work Unit’s 5-year Work Plan (Renstra SKPD). Sub-national governments will then develop their Annual Work Plan (RKPD). Then each unit, will develop its annual Work Plan (Renja SKPD) which further outlines the policies to be implemented. The Work Plan should be synchronised with National Government’s Annual Work Plan (RKP). Furthermore, the plan will be detailed down to the sub-national Budget General Policy (APBD) and the draft of General Policy on Sub-national Budget (KUA-PPAS) which contains sub-national budget ceiling for all units. These drafts should be mutually agreed between sub-national governments and parliaments as the basis for the drafting the Local Government Budget Document (APBD). If Parliament fails to approve the budget, the default budget is the previous year’s approved expenditure.

After decentralisation, the role of sub-national Parliaments became stronger in the budget process. District and Province Governors are directly elected by the people, not appointed by the President as previously. Before decentralisation, the Governor, district head and mayor had to follow instructions from central government. After decentralisation, excecutive power is subject to a legislative check and balance mechanism where the sub-national Parliament has the power

49

PFM Processes


Levels Activities Documents Facilitator

Province ProvinceBappeda

District District Bappeda

Sub-district

District Bappeda

& Head of Sub-District

VillageDistrict

Bappeda & Head of

Village

Dec Jan Feb March April May

to authorise the budget and the executive is responsible for the implementation of the budget.

There are opportunities in the Indonesian national and sub-national planning context to introduce CC into routine planning processes. The revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan provides one platform and point of entry. The revision will take place during the remainder of 2105 and 2016.

The annual planning and budgeting process provides another channel for the integration of CC. The stages to incorporate CC actions could be either during the preparation of the provincial/district work plans in

February/March or the provincial/district units’ forum (Forum SKPD) in March. The CC knowledge, awareness and capacity of the Regional Planning Office (Bappeda) and the relevant work units will need to be enhanced for this to be done effectively.

An overview of the budget cycle and its calendar is presented at Fig 5.3.

CC budget tagging for CC mitigation programmes has recently been introduced at the central level for seven Ministries. If this is successful, it will provide a starting point for its extension to sub-national level in due course.

Fig 5.3: National and Sub-national Budget Cycle

Source: Visualised from GR 8/2008

Public consultation

Draft Provincial work plan

Provincial Development

Planning Forum

Ministries’/Agencies’ Work Plan (Renja K/L)

Provincialwork plan

District units’ work plan (Kerja SKPD

Provincial Units (BKPD) Forum

District DevelopmentPlanning Forum(Musrenbang)

Draft District work plan

Public consultation

District Units (SKPD) forum

Sub-district Development Planning Forum (Musrenbang)

Village Development Planning Forum (Musrenbang)

Provincialunits’ work plan

(Renja SKPD)

District work plan (RKP-D)

49

PFM Processes


Levels Activities Documents Facilitator

Province ProvinceBappeda

District District Bappeda

Sub-district

District Bappeda

& Head of Sub-District

VillageDistrict

Bappeda & Head of

Village

Dec Jan Feb March April May

to authorise the budget and the executive is responsible for the implementation of the budget.

There are opportunities in the Indonesian national and sub-national planning context to introduce CC into routine planning processes. The revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan provides one platform and point of entry. The revision will take place during the remainder of 2105 and 2016.

The annual planning and budgeting process provides another channel for the integration of CC. The stages to incorporate CC actions could be either during the preparation of the provincial/district work plans in

February/March or the provincial/district units’ forum (Forum SKPD) in March. The CC knowledge, awareness and capacity of the Regional Planning Office (Bappeda) and the relevant work units will need to be enhanced for this to be done effectively.

An overview of the budget cycle and its calendar is presented at Fig 5.3.

CC budget tagging for CC mitigation programmes has recently been introduced at the central level for seven Ministries. If this is successful, it will provide a starting point for its extension to sub-national level in due course.

Fig 5.3: National and Sub-national Budget Cycle

Source: Visualised from GR 8/2008

Public consultation

Draft Provincial work plan

Provincial Development

Planning Forum

Ministries’/Agencies’ Work Plan (Renja K/L)

Provincialwork plan

District units’ work plan (Kerja SKPD

Provincial Units (BKPD) Forum

District DevelopmentPlanning Forum(Musrenbang)

Draft District work plan

Public consultation

District Units (SKPD) forum

Sub-district Development Planning Forum (Musrenbang)

Village Development Planning Forum (Musrenbang)

Provincialunits’ work plan

(Renja SKPD)

District work plan (RKP-D)

PFM Processes

50


5.4 The Fiscal Landscape in Babel Province

Fig 5.4 shows that the Babel Province government budget is largely financed by unconditional grant revenue from the General Allocation Fund (DAU) over the period 2010-2014. With 44% of income from centrally sourced unconditional grants, the province is relatively

dependent on central government transfers. This dependency over 2010-2014 did not show any significant fluctuation except for a small increase in the proportion of the revenue sharing fund. Own revenues consist of local tax (property, VAT), local service charges and local state owned enterprise profits. The four year average contribution of own revenues to total budget was 30.1%

Fig 5.4: Babel Province Source Revenue (in billion Rupiah)

Fig 5.5: Babel Province Spending Based on Type of Expenses

Source: Ministry of Finance


Other Revenue

Conditional Grant (DAK)

Unconditional Grant (DAU)

Profit Sharing Fund (DBH)

Own Revenue (PAD)

Grants and Other Spending

Capital

Goods and Services

Personel

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

-

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013

2013

2014

2014

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2011 - 2014. The rise in own revenues has been driven by increases in local tax collection.

The sub-national government should provide information on financial progress to the the Directorate General of Fiscal Balancing in MOF annually,. The information is to be compiled and transferred by the Director General into the Regional Finance Information System. If Local Government does not submit Financial Information within 30 days, after issuance of a written warning, the MOF has a right to postpone the distribution of Balance Funds by 25% of the total DAU given each month in the current budget year.

Fig 5.5 shows a decline in the share of capital spending accompanied by increases in goods and services.

Analysis of spending by function (Fig 5.6) shows that more than half of the Babel Province budget is spent on social and other public services, and half on housing and public infrastructure facilities. The health and education budgets experienced a drop in their shares in 2012 while the budget for the economic function has increased slightly. The authority for setting budget ceilings for each government work unit budget was transferred in 2014 to the Provincial Planning Agency (Bappeda) from the Treasury Unit (Dispenda).

5.5 Performance Based Budgeting (PBB)

The private sector has long measured its business against a set of key performance indicators. Having yardsticks such as levels of sales and

Fig 5.6: Babel Province Spending by Function


Social Security

Education

Culture and Tourism

Health

Housing and Public Facilities

Environment

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%2010 2012 2013 2014

18 Reinventing Government. Osborne David & Ted Gaebler, 1992; Politics of Bureaucracy, Peters, Guy B, 2001.

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2011 - 2014. The rise in own revenues has been driven by increases in local tax collection.

The sub-national government should provide information on financial progress to the the Directorate General of Fiscal Balancing in MOF annually,. The information is to be compiled and transferred by the Director General into the Regional Finance Information System. If Local Government does not submit Financial Information within 30 days, after issuance of a written warning, the MOF has a right to postpone the distribution of Balance Funds by 25% of the total DAU given each month in the current budget year.

Fig 5.5 shows a decline in the share of capital spending accompanied by increases in goods and services.

Analysis of spending by function (Fig 5.6) shows that more than half of the Babel Province budget is spent on social and other public services, and half on housing and public infrastructure facilities. The health and education budgets experienced a drop in their shares in 2012 while the budget for the economic function has increased slightly. The authority for setting budget ceilings for each government work unit budget was transferred in 2014 to the Provincial Planning Agency (Bappeda) from the Treasury Unit (Dispenda).

5.5 Performance Based Budgeting (PBB)

The private sector has long measured its business against a set of key performance indicators. Having yardsticks such as levels of sales and

Fig 5.6: Babel Province Spending by Function


Social Security

Education

Culture and Tourism

Health

Housing and Public Facilities

Environment

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%2010 2012 2013 2014

18 Reinventing Government. Osborne David & Ted Gaebler, 1992; Politics of Bureaucracy, Peters, Guy B, 2001.

PFM Processes

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profit has enabled companies to benchmark their performance against peers in similar industries as well as to identify weak components inside their companies and corporations. The public sector does not work to a profit maximization motive which makes it harder to come up with overall indicators of performance than for the private sector.

One method of bureaucracy reform, New Public Management (NPM) has spread around the world, and has adopted a variety of concepts and names, usually results-driven government or performance-based management. Whatever it has been called, the main ideas of NPM include business-like transformation of state policies through privatisation, deregulation, and liberalisation, especially driven by neo-liberal emphasis on market forces to

enhance government performance18.

According to Young19 , Performance Based Budgeting (PBB) is the “allocation of funds to achieve programmatic goals and objectives as well as some indication or measurement of work, efficiency, and/or effectiveness” With that definition, generally PBB has four main characteristics: a set of goals; provision of information and data; adjustments to programmes made to close any performance gaps; provision of an opportunity for regular or special (ad hoc) programme evaluations

Before the reform that was initiated after the 1998 crisis, there was no formal performance evaluation

tool provided by Government to assess the execution of its tasks and activities. The only performance evaluation system was DP3, a staff performance evaluation system for civil servants.

After the decentralisation Big Bang, Government issued Government Regulation (GR) 105/2000 which stipulated that sub-national government should follow performance budgeting in preparing the annual budget. However, the biggest challenge to implement performance budgeting is the lack of a system to evaluate and enforce compliance, and at sub-national level there is also inadequate understanding of the concept. Other issues are lack of general guidelines for local planning; delayed release of new guidelines for local budgeting and financial management; vague expenditure planning; and lack of qualified local planning and budgeting officials20.

Sub-national governments are required to provide targets, indicators, outputs and outcomes for all budget activities. However, review of the Babel Province 2014 budget document by the CPEIR team indicates that things have changed little in the decade since Ringoringo (2003) made his observations. Most performance measures are far from SMART (Specific, Measuarable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound) with a statement of activities without specification of the number of people affected, income increases, poverty reduced or other specific measures as the favorite output

19 Performance-Based Budget Systems - Public Policy & Practice, Young , Richard D, January 2003.20 Performance Budgeting: The Impact of Public Expenditure Policy to Local Government, Jakarta ed. Project 497-0357/104-000, USAID-funded Partnership

for Economic Growth, Ahmadi H. Ringoringo, 2002.

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across all government units. Without specific indicators, targets, and outputs, then performance could not be measured. Much work remains to have a proper PBB in place for Babel Province.

One available carrot-and-stick accountability mechanism is the activities report from a sub-national government unit using the central government Special Allocation Fund (DAK). If it is rejected by the correspondent Ministry as not being of an acceptable quality, then the DAK money would not be disbursed for the following year. In practice, this supervisory and accountability role of the central Ministries as stated in GR 8/2006 on Financial and Performance reporting and MoF Regulation 180/2013 on DAK Guidelines, is rarely exercised.

5.6 Summary of PFM Findings

“Big Bang” decentralisation took place in Indonesia in 1999. This shifted power from the centre to district, with a recent shift to the provinces in 2014. The country is still finding the optimum equilibrium and distribution of power between national, provincial and district/city.

Province governments now have the authority to manage the mining, forestry and marine fisheries sectors.

Sub-national governments (province, district & city) revenue comprises of a combination of local revenue and transfers from national government.

Shares of national oil and gas revenenues are the most significant

sources of central government fundings to sub-national governments.

Budgets are regulated and allocated according to a well established system of development plans which cascade down from the centre to the districts.

Babel Province budget is largely financed by unconditional grant revenue from the General Allocation Fund (DAU). With 44% of income from centrally sourced unconditional grants, the province is relatively dependent on central government transfers.

About 40 % of the province spending was allocated for personnel and goods and services during 2010-2014. There has been a decline in the share of capital spending accompanied by increases in goods and services during this period.

CC is still yet to have a firm place in decentralised public finance. There is no word about climate in the 2013 allocation guidelines for DAU and DAK. Climate concerns have only recently been introduced into decentralization by the RAN-GRK in 2011, with the requirement for provinces to produce RAD-GRKs while the local application of RAN-API is still at the pilot stage for 15 sub-national governments.

There are opportunities in the Indonesian national and sub-national planning context to introduce CC into routine planning processes. The revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan provides one immediate point of entry.

53

PFM Processes


across all government units. Without specific indicators, targets, and outputs, then performance could not be measured. Much work remains to have a proper PBB in place for Babel Province.

One available carrot-and-stick accountability mechanism is the activities report from a sub-national government unit using the central government Special Allocation Fund (DAK). If it is rejected by the correspondent Ministry as not being of an acceptable quality, then the DAK money would not be disbursed for the following year. In practice, this supervisory and accountability role of the central Ministries as stated in GR 8/2006 on Financial and Performance reporting and MoF Regulation 180/2013 on DAK Guidelines, is rarely exercised.

5.6 Summary of PFM Findings

“Big Bang” decentralisation took place in Indonesia in 1999. This shifted power from the centre to district, with a recent shift to the provinces in 2014. The country is still finding the optimum equilibrium and distribution of power between national, provincial and district/city.

Province governments now have the authority to manage the mining, forestry and marine fisheries sectors.

Sub-national governments (province, district & city) revenue comprises of a combination of local revenue and transfers from national government.

Shares of national oil and gas revenenues are the most significant

sources of central government fundings to sub-national governments.

Budgets are regulated and allocated according to a well established system of development plans which cascade down from the centre to the districts.

Babel Province budget is largely financed by unconditional grant revenue from the General Allocation Fund (DAU). With 44% of income from centrally sourced unconditional grants, the province is relatively dependent on central government transfers.

About 40 % of the province spending was allocated for personnel and goods and services during 2010-2014. There has been a decline in the share of capital spending accompanied by increases in goods and services during this period.

CC is still yet to have a firm place in decentralised public finance. There is no word about climate in the 2013 allocation guidelines for DAU and DAK. Climate concerns have only recently been introduced into decentralization by the RAN-GRK in 2011, with the requirement for provinces to produce RAD-GRKs while the local application of RAN-API is still at the pilot stage for 15 sub-national governments.

There are opportunities in the Indonesian national and sub-national planning context to introduce CC into routine planning processes. The revision of the Babel Province Medium Term Plan provides one immediate point of entry.


PFM Processes

54


The annual planning and budgeting process provides a channel for the integration of CC. The stages to incorporate CC actions could be either during the preparation of the provincial/district work plans in February/March or the provincial/district units’ forum (Forum SKPD) in March. The CC knowledge, awareness and capacity of Bappeda and the relevant work units will need to be enhanced for this to be done effectively.

A possible accountability mechanism is when a report on the activities of a sub-national government unit using the DAK central funds is rejected by the corresponding Ministry as not being of an acceptable quality, then the money would not be disbursed for the following year. In practice,

this supervisory and accountability role of the central Ministries is rarely exercised.

Performance based budgeting (PBB) is not implemented effectively in Babel Province at the moment. Targets, indicators, and outputs are not well specified and quantified. Without such specification, performance cannot be objectively measured. Work remains for PBB to have an effective role in Babel Province planning processes.

CC budget tagging for mitigation programmes has recently been introduced at the central level for seven Ministries. If this is successful, it will provide a starting point for its extension to sub-national level.

55



6

EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS

55



6

EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS

Expenditure Analysis

56


6 EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS

6.1. Climate Change (CC) Typology

The following analysis is based on planned expenditure as per the budget documents for 2012-2014 and on the realization rates (i.e. actual expenditure) for 2012-2013, with actual expenditure data gaps for some work units.

CPEIRs have been undertaken in various countries since 2012 . They have assessed the scale and use of CC activity and expenditure in public finance using two approaches, namely: i) the CPEIR Climate Change Relevance Index and ii) the CPEIR Benefits Approach.

The first approach builds on the Rio Markers Methodology developed by the OECD. It utilises the declared objectives of the programmes and expenditures to determine the CC climate change relevance of the expenditure on a scale of 0 – 100%. All activities are grouped into the four relevance classifications listed in Table 6.1. The corresponding weightings are then applied to the programme/activity expenditures in order to quantify the level and degree of climate change-relevant expenditures in the government budget.

Table 6.1 also identifies actual examples of activities considered to be climate relevant expenditures.

These have been identified based on work by CPEIR teams in a number of countries. These teams utilised a range of national planning and budgeting documentation, literature review, expert opinion and national stakeholders consultations for their assessments.

The Relevance Index is the core tool used to guide the identification of CC relevant expenditure and to carry out the weighting of that expenditure in this CPEIR. It should be noted that the index has been adjusted for the Babel CPEIR to take account of the Babel climate vulnerability and resilience assessment carried out by the CPEIR team (see Chapter 2).

Babel’s CC vulnerability assessment indicated that, because of high risks to climate change in the Babel context, water supplies, coastal and coral reef protection, forest protection and conservation and non-mining income for those in poverty or at risk of poverty, should be in the high relevance category.

Care is needed in applying weighting and the scoring of relative benefits to avoid a tendency for overestimation of CC benefits, compared with economic, social and environmental co-benefits. Qualitative assessment of benefits through expert opinion should always be complemented by verification and validation with local stakeholders as was done in this case.

21 CPEIRs have been conducted in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Fiji, Indonesia, Morocco, Nauru, Nepal, Philippines, Samoa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda and Vietnam.

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High relevance

Rationale Clear primary objective of delivering specific outcomes that improve climate resilience or contribute to mitigation

Weighting more than 75%

Examples • Energy mitigation (e.g. renewables, energy efficiency)• Disaster risk reduction and disaster management capacity• The additional costs of changing the design of a programme to

improve climate resilience (e.g. extra costs of climate proofing infrastructure, beyod routine maintenance or rehabilitation)

• Anything that responds to recent drought, cyclone or flooding, because it will have added benefits for future extreme events

• Relocating villages to give protection against cyclones/sea-level• Healthcare for climate sensitive diseases especially malaria &

dengue• Building institutional capacity to plan and manage climate

change, including early warning and monitoring• Raising awareness about climate change• Anything meeting the criteria of climate change funds (e.g.

GEF,PPCR)• Coastal abrasion and coral reef protection

Medium relevance

Rationale Either (i) secondary objectives related to building climate resil-ience or contributing to mitigation, or (ii) mixed programmes with a range of activities that are not easily separated but include at least some that promote climate resilience or mitigation

Weighting between 50% to 74%

Examples • Forestry and agroforestry (especially pepper, rubber and fishery) that is motivated primarily by economic or conservation objectives, because this will have some mitigation effect

• Water storage, water efficiency and irrigation that is motivated primarily by improved livelihoods because this will also provide protection against drought

• Bio-diversity and conservation, unless explicitly aimed at increasing resilience of ecosystems to climate change (or mitigation)

• Eco-tourism, because it encourages communities to put a value of ecosystems and raises awareness of the impact of climate change

• Livelihood and social protection programmes, motivated by poverty reduction, but building household reserves and assets and reducing vulnerability. This will include programmes to promote economic growth, including vocational training, financial services and the maintenance and improvement of economic infrastructure, such as roads and railways

Low relevance

Rationale Activities that display attributes where indirect adaptation and mitigation benefits may arise

Weighting between 25% - 49%

Examples • Water quality, unless the improvements in water quality aim to reduce problems from extreme rainfall events, in which case the relevance would be high

• General livelihoods, motivated by poverty reduction, but building household reserves and assets and reducing vulnerability in areas of low climate change vulnerability

Table 6.1: Climate Change Relevance Index for Public Expenditures Classification

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High relevance

Rationale Clear primary objective of delivering specific outcomes that improve climate resilience or contribute to mitigation

Weighting more than 75%

Examples • Energy mitigation (e.g. renewables, energy efficiency)• Disaster risk reduction and disaster management capacity• The additional costs of changing the design of a programme to

improve climate resilience (e.g. extra costs of climate proofing infrastructure, beyod routine maintenance or rehabilitation)

• Anything that responds to recent drought, cyclone or flooding, because it will have added benefits for future extreme events

• Relocating villages to give protection against cyclones/sea-level• Healthcare for climate sensitive diseases especially malaria &

dengue• Building institutional capacity to plan and manage climate

change, including early warning and monitoring• Raising awareness about climate change• Anything meeting the criteria of climate change funds (e.g.

GEF,PPCR)• Coastal abrasion and coral reef protection

Medium relevance

Rationale Either (i) secondary objectives related to building climate resil-ience or contributing to mitigation, or (ii) mixed programmes with a range of activities that are not easily separated but include at least some that promote climate resilience or mitigation

Weighting between 50% to 74%

Examples • Forestry and agroforestry (especially pepper, rubber and fishery) that is motivated primarily by economic or conservation objectives, because this will have some mitigation effect

• Water storage, water efficiency and irrigation that is motivated primarily by improved livelihoods because this will also provide protection against drought

• Bio-diversity and conservation, unless explicitly aimed at increasing resilience of ecosystems to climate change (or mitigation)

• Eco-tourism, because it encourages communities to put a value of ecosystems and raises awareness of the impact of climate change


Low relevance


Weighting between 25% - 49%

Examples • Water quality, unless the improvements in water quality aim to reduce problems from extreme rainfall events, in which case the relevance would be high

• General livelihoods, motivated by poverty reduction, but building household reserves and assets and reducing vulnerability in areas of low climate change vulnerability

Table 6.1: Climate Change Relevance Index for Public Expenditures Classification


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Low relevance


• General planning capacity, either at national or local level, unless it is explicitly linked to climate change, in which case it would be high


Marginal relevance

Rationale Activities that have only very indirect and theoretical links to climate resilience

Weighting less than 25%

Examples • Short term programmes (including humanitarian relief)• The replacement element of any reconstruction investment

(splitting off the additional climate element as high relevance)• Education and health that do not have an explicit climate change

element

6.2. Province Climate Related Expenditure Review

The Babel CPEIR gained access to a complete list of provincial government 2012-2014 activities and associated budgets from government budget reports approved by the provincial Parliament. The team also interviewed a representative of PT Timah, a major tin mining state owned enterprise (SOE), and the Babel chapter of Friends of the Earth (Walhi), a global environmental NGO. WWF also has a presence in Babel but no information was available to the CPEIR.

Having used the Climate Change Relevance Index to identify CC relevant budget activities, these activities were then categorised by source of fund, government administrative unit and national

climate typology (as per RAN-GRK & RAN-API). The next step was to assign those activities into the high, medium, low and marginal classification following Table 6.1. Lastly, co-benefit poverty and gender scoring of the CC relevant expenditure programmes was carried out.

Poverty and gender scoring analysis was applied to the CC relevant programmes in association with the expenditure CC weighting exercise. A low/medium/high scoring system was used based on an assessment of the poverty and gender implications and impacts of the CC relevant expenditure programmes/activities. All CC relevant expenditures were scored for poverty and gender. Priority consideration was given to those programmes and activities classified as being in the CC high and medium relevance categories..

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Low relevance




Marginal relevance





element

The scoring exercise assessed poverty and gender implications and impact primarily from a benefit impact stand point. For poverty scoring, the assessment was based on the following criteria:

• How far are the programme objectives pro-poor?

• Are the programme activities suitable for the poor?

• Are the programme activities accessible to the poor?

• How many beneficiaries are there?

• Would the poor benefit more than proportionately from the activities?

For gender scoring, the criteria were:

• How far are the programme objectives gender specific?

• How far are the programme activities gender affirmative in addressing gender imbalance?

• How does the programme activity contribute to gender mainstreaming by strengthening the gender sensitiveness of institutions?

The initial poverty and gender scoring was carried out internally during a CPEIR Team Workshop held during 4-8 May 2015. 245 climate relevant programmes were identified for the three-year period of the expenditure analysis. Some of the programmes are continuous from one year to another. Given the number of programmes and the limited information on programmes and time available to do the scoring, this initial scoring exercise relied heavily on the professional judgement and experience of the CPEIR team. The results of the team assessment were then presented to a stakeholder workshop in Pangkal

Pinang on 19 May 2015. Feedback from the workshop broadly validated the results of the team poverty and gender assessments.

97% of the 245 CC related activities identified at provincial level during 2012-2014 were financed through the provincial government budget. Only four activities were identified which are financed by the national government through the Special Allocation Fund but implemented by the provincial government.

In terms of climate relevant private finance, PT Timah, the SOE tin mining company, carries out some annual reclamation activity as required by mining law. For this CPEIR, this activity was is placed in the private funding category. The installation of solar panel system for remote villages carried out by Friends of the Earth (Walhi) in 2014 is classified as NGO funding.

There was a significant increase in government CC related activities in 2013 and 2014 after the Provincial Climate Mitigation Action Plan (RAD-GRK) was introduced in 2012. Whether this is attributable to the introduction of the RAD-GRK is not clear.

Fig 6.1 presents CC budget expenditure in Babel for 2012-2014. In total, there was 215.9 billion rupiah of CC relevant expenditure during that period. The majority of the financing originated from the provincial government (84.3%) while the central government only contributed 13.5%. CC relevant activities made up 3.4 % of total provincial government budgets for the three years, 2.6% in 2012, 4.3% in 2013 and 3.1% in 2014. Though

59



Low relevance




Marginal relevance





element

The scoring exercise assessed poverty and gender implications and impact primarily from a benefit impact stand point. For poverty scoring, the assessment was based on the following criteria:

• How far are the programme objectives pro-poor?

• Are the programme activities suitable for the poor?

• Are the programme activities accessible to the poor?

• How many beneficiaries are there?

• Would the poor benefit more than proportionately from the activities?

For gender scoring, the criteria were:

• How far are the programme objectives gender specific?

• How far are the programme activities gender affirmative in addressing gender imbalance?

• How does the programme activity contribute to gender mainstreaming by strengthening the gender sensitiveness of institutions?

The initial poverty and gender scoring was carried out internally during a CPEIR Team Workshop held during 4-8 May 2015. 245 climate relevant programmes were identified for the three-year period of the expenditure analysis. Some of the programmes are continuous from one year to another. Given the number of programmes and the limited information on programmes and time available to do the scoring, this initial scoring exercise relied heavily on the professional judgement and experience of the CPEIR team. The results of the team assessment were then presented to a stakeholder workshop in Pangkal

Pinang on 19 May 2015. Feedback from the workshop broadly validated the results of the team poverty and gender assessments.

97% of the 245 CC related activities identified at provincial level during 2012-2014 were financed through the provincial government budget. Only four activities were identified which are financed by the national government through the Special Allocation Fund but implemented by the provincial government.

In terms of climate relevant private finance, PT Timah, the SOE tin mining company, carries out some annual reclamation activity as required by mining law. For this CPEIR, this activity was is placed in the private funding category. The installation of solar panel system for remote villages carried out by Friends of the Earth (Walhi) in 2014 is classified as NGO funding.

There was a significant increase in government CC related activities in 2013 and 2014 after the Provincial Climate Mitigation Action Plan (RAD-GRK) was introduced in 2012. Whether this is attributable to the introduction of the RAD-GRK is not clear.

Fig 6.1 presents CC budget expenditure in Babel for 2012-2014. In total, there was 215.9 billion rupiah of CC relevant expenditure during that period. The majority of the financing originated from the provincial government (84.3%) while the central government only contributed 13.5%. CC relevant activities made up 3.4 % of total provincial government budgets for the three years, 2.6% in 2012, 4.3% in 2013 and 3.1% in 2014. Though


60


100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

-2012 2012R 2013R2013 2014

13.811.6

36.4

32.934.2

30.2 22.4

52.2

29.730.3

0.5 0.4 4.7 0.1 7.0

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%2012 2012R 2013R2013 2014

0.2

0.2

1.6

1.6 3

7.6

5.8

12.6

11.7 9.0

36.9 29.0

81.9

64.6 63.1

only a fraction of total CC relevant expenditure, the private sector’s contribution increased almost 20 fold in terms of value and ten fold in terms of share during 2012-2014. The total expenditure on solar panels, their installation and training by Friends of the Earth was 137 million rupiah. The average realization rate for central government budget was slightly

higher (85%) than for the provincial government (78.7%)

The analysis now focuses on activities conducted by provincial government (financed by itself or from national government).

Almost one half of CC relevant provincial government budgeted

Fig 6.1: Budget and Realized CC Expenditure in Babel by Source of Fund (in billion rupiah at current prices)

Fig 6.2: CC Budget and Realized Expenditure in Babel Provincial Government by Climate Relevance (in billion rupiah at current prices)

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets and realization report

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets and realization reports

Private

NGO

Central Gov

Prov Gov

High

Medium

Low

61



expenditure was allocated for high CC relevance activities (Fig 6.2), increasing from 31.0% in 2012 to 47.8% in 2014. Over 90% of all provincial government CC related activities were of high or medium relevance. The proportion of high relevance also increased in terms of number of activities. Interestingly, the low relevance activities tend to have a lower expenditure realization rate.

The provincial units with the most CC relevant activities are the Environmental Agency (12.8%), Public Works Office (10.7%) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%). The Environmental Agency has conducted numerous surveys and inventories of environmental conditions and

has issued guidelines and training for businesses and government on environmental matters. Much Public Works Office activities are related to irrigation, road repair, port construction and river dredging while the Culture and Tourism Office conducted activities to increase tourism income in Babel.

The activities of the Public Works Office (40.1 %) dominate CC expenditure for the three year period (Table 6.2). The Fisheries Office (13.1%) had the next highest expenditure with activities which helped fishermen to adapt to CC, followed by the Transport Office expenditure mainly on roads (12.2%) to improve access and connectivity within Babel Province. The top three

Table 6.2: Expenditure of CC Related Activities by Provincial Government Units 2012-2014 (in billion rupiah at current prices)

No Local Government Unit 2012 2012R 2013 2013R 2014

1 Planning Agency 0.5 83.8% 1.8 19.0% 1.0

2 Environment Agency 0.4 97.2% 1.9 94.5% 4.0

3 Transport Office 0.3 96.8% 19.6 NA 5.9

4 Mining and Energy Office 0.9 NA 2.9 87.5% 1.0

5 Agriculture Office 6.6 21.4% 6.4 61.5% 3.9

6 Industry Office 0.0 NA 1.2 37.0% 0.6

7 Food Security Agency 0.5 87.8% 1.0 NA 0.9

8 Forestry Office 0.7 86.2% 0.9 79.3% 12.7

9 Health Agency 0.4 99.5% 0.8 51.9% 1.0

10 Public Work Office 19.6 87.0% 30.1 96.0% 34.9

11 Culture & Tourism Office 4.5 87.7% 3.8 66.3% 2.8

12 Regional Disaster Agency 3.5 91.1% 3.2 83.3% 2.2

13 Marine and Fisheries Office 6.5 93.7% 20.4 89.0% 0.8

14 Women Empowerment Agency 0.3 93.7% 0.5 87.0% 0.6

TOTAL 44.5 78.8% 93.9 81.2% 72.1

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets. Note: NA = available

61



expenditure was allocated for high CC relevance activities (Fig 6.2), increasing from 31.0% in 2012 to 47.8% in 2014. Over 90% of all provincial government CC related activities were of high or medium relevance. The proportion of high relevance also increased in terms of number of activities. Interestingly, the low relevance activities tend to have a lower expenditure realization rate.

The provincial units with the most CC relevant activities are the Environmental Agency (12.8%), Public Works Office (10.7%) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%). The Environmental Agency has conducted numerous surveys and inventories of environmental conditions and

has issued guidelines and training for businesses and government on environmental matters. Much Public Works Office activities are related to irrigation, road repair, port construction and river dredging while the Culture and Tourism Office conducted activities to increase tourism income in Babel.

The activities of the Public Works Office (40.1 %) dominate CC expenditure for the three year period (Table 6.2). The Fisheries Office (13.1%) had the next highest expenditure with activities which helped fishermen to adapt to CC, followed by the Transport Office expenditure mainly on roads (12.2%) to improve access and connectivity within Babel Province. The top three

Table 6.2: Expenditure of CC Related Activities by Provincial Government Units 2012-2014 (in billion rupiah at current prices)

No Local Government Unit 2012 2012R 2013 2013R 2014

1 Planning Agency 0.5 83.8% 1.8 19.0% 1.0

2 Environment Agency 0.4 97.2% 1.9 94.5% 4.0

3 Transport Office 0.3 96.8% 19.6 NA 5.9

4 Mining and Energy Office 0.9 NA 2.9 87.5% 1.0

5 Agriculture Office 6.6 21.4% 6.4 61.5% 3.9

6 Industry Office 0.0 NA 1.2 37.0% 0.6

7 Food Security Agency 0.5 87.8% 1.0 NA 0.9

8 Forestry Office 0.7 86.2% 0.9 79.3% 12.7

9 Health Agency 0.4 99.5% 0.8 51.9% 1.0

10 Public Work Office 19.6 87.0% 30.1 96.0% 34.9

11 Culture & Tourism Office 4.5 87.7% 3.8 66.3% 2.8

12 Regional Disaster Agency 3.5 91.1% 3.2 83.3% 2.2

13 Marine and Fisheries Office 6.5 93.7% 20.4 89.0% 0.8

14 Women Empowerment Agency 0.3 93.7% 0.5 87.0% 0.6

TOTAL 44.5 78.8% 93.9 81.2% 72.1

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets. Note: NA = available


62


expenditure realization rates are for the Environment Agency (95.8 %), Public Works Office (91.5 %) and the Fishery Office (91.3 %).

. CC relevant activities can also classified by mitigation (RAN-GRK) and adaptation classification (RAN-API) - see Table 6.3. Among 210.5 billion rupiah of CC relevant budgeted expenditure by Babel Provincial government during 2012-2014, mitigation was only allocated 14.5 billion rupiah (6.6%) while adaptation received 197.1 billion rupiah (93.3%)

The majority of mitigation activities are for forest and peat lands (7.6

billion rupiah mainly in 2014) with energy and transport (5.2 billion rupiah mainly in 2103) next. Most of the adaptation activities are about increasing economic resilience (123 billion rupiah) with the ecosystem (23.1 billion rupiah) a distant second. Mitigation activities tend to have higher realization rate than adaptation.

The priority sectors that have a significant impact on climate change mitigation and adaptation receive a relatively low budget allocation (Table 6.4). All sub-national stakeholders agree that land reclamation associated with tin mining is a significant pressing environmental

Table 6.3: CC Expenditure by Babel Provincial Government by National Typology (in Billion Rupiah current prices and % realization)

Type of expenditure 2012 2012R 2013 2013R 2014

Forest & Peat Land 0.31 90.9% 0.31 86.6% 6.51

Agriculture 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0

Energy & transport 0.57 NA 4.28 95.3% 0.39

Waste 0.05 98.8% 0.66 95.0% 0.47

Total Mitigation 0.93 92.0% 5.25 94.5% 7.37

Economic resilience - food security 15.52 57.1% 26.46 86.7% 17.74Economic resilience - energy independence - - - - 0Economic resilience - non food & non energy 20.16 90.4% 39.29 77.9% 3.52

Social & Livelihood resilience 0.95 98.3% 1.43 55.0% 19.19

Ecosystem Resilience 0.48 95.9% 10.9 92.7% 11.71

Special area resilience 0.43 81.7% 4.09 88.0% 6.53

Supporting System 5.73 91.1% 6.7 75.6% 6.01

Total Adaptation 43.62 78.7% 88.69 82.7% 64.71

TOTAL 44.5 78.8% 93.94 81.2% 72.08

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets and realization report. Note: NA is not available

63



and climate change problem. But this has only been allocated 4.5 billion rupiah from public funds and only in the latest year, i.e 2014. Expenditures on water supply and non-mining income support have tended to dominate.

43.6% of CC relevant budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 were found to have high poverty co-benefits especially related to disaster response/preparedness, malaria/dengue response and river dredging. High and medium poverty co-benefit

Table 6.4: Expenditure on CC Priority Activities by Provincial Government 2012-2014 (in million rupiah at current prices and percentage)

No Priority 2012 2012R 2013 2013R 2014

1 Renewable energy 492.9 NA 2,541.02 95.5% 390.5

2 Forest Conservation 307.5 90.9% 247.94 85.7% 2,737.8

3 Water supply 10,831.9 84.0% 19,613.22 95.2% 18,966.2

4 Beach and Coral Protection 75 95.3% 0 - 0

5 Post mining reclamation 0 - 0 - 4,482.5

6 Fishermen's income 6,459.2 93.7% 19,927.43 89.5% 238.5

7 Disaster response 3,536.5 91.1% 3,200.76 83.3% 2,160.4

8 Non Mining Income 27,639.2 69.9% 26,203.97 24.1% 7,365.3


100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

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02012 2012R 2013R2013 2014

Fig 6.3: CC Expenditure in Babel by Poverty Co-Benefit (in billion rupiah, current prices)


Marginal

Low

Medium

High

0.40.0

25.1 7.1

27.4

4.43.7

4.1 22.9

5.5

13.111.5

15.1 13.2

24.7

26.3 19.332.9 28.936.3

63



and climate change problem. But this has only been allocated 4.5 billion rupiah from public funds and only in the latest year, i.e 2014. Expenditures on water supply and non-mining income support have tended to dominate.

43.6% of CC relevant budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 were found to have high poverty co-benefits especially related to disaster response/preparedness, malaria/dengue response and river dredging. High and medium poverty co-benefit

Table 6.4: Expenditure on CC Priority Activities by Provincial Government 2012-2014 (in million rupiah at current prices and percentage)

No Priority 2012 2012R 2013 2013R 2014

1 Renewable energy 492.9 NA 2,541.02 95.5% 390.5

2 Forest Conservation 307.5 90.9% 247.94 85.7% 2,737.8

3 Water supply 10,831.9 84.0% 19,613.22 95.2% 18,966.2

4 Beach and Coral Protection 75 95.3% 0 - 0

5 Post mining reclamation 0 - 0 - 4,482.5

6 Fishermen's income 6,459.2 93.7% 19,927.43 89.5% 238.5

7 Disaster response 3,536.5 91.1% 3,200.76 83.3% 2,160.4

8 Non Mining Income 27,639.2 69.9% 26,203.97 24.1% 7,365.3


100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

02012 2012R 2013R2013 2014

Fig 6.3: CC Expenditure in Babel by Poverty Co-Benefit (in billion rupiah, current prices)


Marginal

Low

Medium

High

0.40.0

25.1 7.1

27.4

4.43.7

4.1 22.9

5.5

13.111.5

15.1 13.2

24.7

26.3 19.332.9 28.936.3


64


activities made up two thirds of all CC relevant activity (Fig 6.3). During 2012-2013 there was a tendency for programmes with high poverty co-benefits also to have high realization (82 %) compared to medium (74.2 %), low (79.8 %) and marginal (45.8%).

Most Babel CC relevant activities have lower gender co-benefits than for poverty. The high category for gender is only 25% compared to 43.6% for high category poverty co-benefit group. Examples of high gender co-benefit activities are disaster response/preparedness and infectious disease response. In 2014, the high and medium categories share reduced while the low and marginal groups shares increased. There was a decline in the value of high gender co-benefit from 2012 to 2013 with a rebound in 2014 (Fig 6.4). The average 2012-2013 realization rate from high to low was: high (91.7 %), low (89.9 %), marginal (67%) and medium (66.8 %).

6.3. Public Expenditure Findings

Accessing realized, i.e. actual expenditure data has not been easy or timely. Realized expenditure data was only available for 2012 and 2013. And even for the two years, not all local government units are accounted for.

There was a significant increase in CC activities and budgeted expenditure during 2013 and 2014 compared to 2012, with more than four fifths of CC expenditure coming from the Provincial Government. CC relevant expenditure peaked in 2013.

There are an increasing number and share of activities with high CC relevance. The high CC relevance activities also tend to have higher realization rates than medium and low CC relevant activities.

The top three provincial units with most CC relevant activities are the

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

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02012 2012R 2013R2013 2014

Fig 6.4: CC Expenditure in Babel by Gender Co-Benefit (in billion rupiah at current prices)


Marginal

Low

Medium

High

1.7

1.3

12.3

7.113.8

15.813.9

24.122.1

13.8

10.65.1

43.437.4 29.0

16.1 14.5 14.3 13.4 19.7

65



Environmental Agency (12.8 %), the Public Works Office (10.7 %) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%).

In terms of budget, the top three units are the Public Works Office (84.6 billion rupiah), the Fishery Office (27.7 billion rupiah) and the Transport Office (25.8 billion rupiah). The provincial government that has top three realization rate are Environment Agency (95.8 %), Public Work Office (91.5 %) and Fishery Office (91.3 %).

More than 90 % of CC funding is spent on adaptation especially economic resilience. For mitigation, forestry has the most budget allocation.

Over 40.0 % of CC relevant budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 was found to have high poverty co-benefits, especially related to disaster response / preparedness, malaria /dengue response and river dredging.

CC related activity for high and medium gender co-benefit categories has decreased during 2012-14 while the low and marginal categories increased their budget shares. Disaster and infectious disease response generated high gender so-benefit scores.

Mitigation expenditure in Babel Province could have a high impact when directed towards reclamation of post-mining degraded land strips, towards forest protection, replacing diesel power plants, and on coastal protection.

10. Adaptation activities in Babel Province could have a high impact if directed towards increasing non-mining income of the poor population, managing water resources, preventing dengue and malaria as well as disaster preparedness and CC awareness.

65



Environmental Agency (12.8 %), the Public Works Office (10.7 %) and the Culture & Tourism Office (9.9%).

In terms of budget, the top three units are the Public Works Office (84.6 billion rupiah), the Fishery Office (27.7 billion rupiah) and the Transport Office (25.8 billion rupiah). The provincial government that has top three realization rate are Environment Agency (95.8 %), Public Work Office (91.5 %) and Fishery Office (91.3 %).

More than 90 % of CC funding is spent on adaptation especially economic resilience. For mitigation, forestry has the most budget allocation.

Over 40.0 % of CC relevant budgeted expenditure during 2012-2014 was found to have high poverty co-benefits, especially related to disaster response / preparedness, malaria /dengue response and river dredging.

CC related activity for high and medium gender co-benefit categories has decreased during 2012-14 while the low and marginal categories increased their budget shares. Disaster and infectious disease response generated high gender so-benefit scores.

Mitigation expenditure in Babel Province could have a high impact when directed towards reclamation of post-mining degraded land strips, towards forest protection, replacing diesel power plants, and on coastal protection.

10. Adaptation activities in Babel Province could have a high impact if directed towards increasing non-mining income of the poor population, managing water resources, preventing dengue and malaria as well as disaster preparedness and CC awareness.


66


67



7

POVERTY AND GENDER ANALYSIS

67



7

POVERTY AND GENDER ANALYSIS

Poverty And Gender Analysis

68


7 POVERTY AND GENDER ANALYSIS

7.1 Poverty and Gender in Babel Province

7.1.1 Babel Province and Poverty

The national poverty line is established by the Government’s Central Statistical Agency (BPS) and is based on the annual National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas). Its metric is a consumption bundle consisting of food items (to satisfy 2,100 calories) and basic non-food items determined by the pattern of consumption of reference households near the poverty line.

The poverty headcount ratio for Babel Province is well below the national average. Poverty in the

province fell from 10.9% in 2006 to 5.3% in 2013 (Fig 7.1), compared with a national average rate of 11.4% in 2013. Poverty in other provinces of Indonesia can be more than 20%, e.g. in NTB Province. Rural areas in Babel have higher poverty at 7%, compared with urban poverty of 3.5% in 2013.

District wise, the poverty rate is highest in Belitung Timur District at 7.1%, followed by Belitung District with 7.0%. Bangka Tengah District has the highest rate on Bangka Island at 5.6%. Bangka, Bangka Barat, Bangka Selatan Districts and Pangkal Pinang City have rates of 5.4%, 3.6%, 4,2% and 4.2% respectively. There is no disaggregation of poverty data by gender.

120.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

02006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Fig 7.1: Poverty Numbers (000) and Rates (%) in Babel Province 2006-2013

Source: National Statistical Agency (BPS)

Poor pople

Poverty Rate (%)

117.4

95.1

86.7

76.6

67.8 72.1 71.4 70.9

10.9 9.5 8.6 7.5 6.5 5.8 5.5 5.3

69



The HDI measure of human well being for Babel is higher than the national average, 0.737 compared with 0.681 nationally (2012 HDI). The highest HDI in the Province is for Pangkal Pinang City (0.768). Bangka Selatan District has the lowest HDI (0.677), followed by Bangka Barat District (0.709) and Belitung Timur (0.72).

While the extent of poverty in Babel Province is known, little is known about who are the poor and their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The CPEIR team reviewed the primary data in the National Socio-Economic Survey for 2013 to try to fill the poverty information gap in official sources. While it was possible to identify new data on occupations and livelihoods, data were not found to identify the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the poor in Babel Province.

A Babel District Development Plan from 2009 identified three factors causing poverty: individual, government policy and natural factors. Causes deriving from the individual were lack of net-working, lack of experiences, lack of self-confidence, lack of seed- capital, lack of skills, lavish consumption and laziness! The factors relating to government policy covered lack of expenditure, lack of employment opportunity, high prices of nine basic food items, expensive education fees, lack of basic services, and high cost for services. Natural factors mentioned were family

crises, old age, natural disasters, and geography.

The CPEIR team used participatory stakeholder climate vulnerability mapping to learn more about population groups perceived to be vulnerable and at risk from CC. This process identified fishing communities as being particularly at risk from exposure to the impacts of CC. It is known, for example, that 45 fishing villages comprising 41,000 households are beneficiaries of the Rice for Poor Households (Raskin) Programme operated by the Village Government Empowerment Agency (BPMPD). Not all of these households are on the official recipient lists. But in practice, rice allocated for the villages is distributed to all households at the request of community leaders on the grounds that all fishing families are poor. This practice has apparently occurred elsewhere.22

Poverty surveys for regions with socio-economic profiles similar to Babel Province suggest that the poor are likely to consist disproportionately of the elderly, female headed households, large households or households with little or no formal education. Households immediately above the poverty line, though not officially in poverty, are often vulnerable to contextual shifts in their circumstances. This applies particularly to those who are dependent on occupations sensitive to external shocks such as those dependent on global commodity markets, e.g. mining, and those

22 Gender and social protection in Indonesia: Raskin, the food subsidy programme, ODI/SMERU, October 2010

69



The HDI measure of human well being for Babel is higher than the national average, 0.737 compared with 0.681 nationally (2012 HDI). The highest HDI in the Province is for Pangkal Pinang City (0.768). Bangka Selatan District has the lowest HDI (0.677), followed by Bangka Barat District (0.709) and Belitung Timur (0.72).

While the extent of poverty in Babel Province is known, little is known about who are the poor and their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The CPEIR team reviewed the primary data in the National Socio-Economic Survey for 2013 to try to fill the poverty information gap in official sources. While it was possible to identify new data on occupations and livelihoods, data were not found to identify the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the poor in Babel Province.

A Babel District Development Plan from 2009 identified three factors causing poverty: individual, government policy and natural factors. Causes deriving from the individual were lack of net-working, lack of experiences, lack of self-confidence, lack of seed- capital, lack of skills, lavish consumption and laziness! The factors relating to government policy covered lack of expenditure, lack of employment opportunity, high prices of nine basic food items, expensive education fees, lack of basic services, and high cost for services. Natural factors mentioned were family

crises, old age, natural disasters, and geography.

The CPEIR team used participatory stakeholder climate vulnerability mapping to learn more about population groups perceived to be vulnerable and at risk from CC. This process identified fishing communities as being particularly at risk from exposure to the impacts of CC. It is known, for example, that 45 fishing villages comprising 41,000 households are beneficiaries of the Rice for Poor Households (Raskin) Programme operated by the Village Government Empowerment Agency (BPMPD). Not all of these households are on the official recipient lists. But in practice, rice allocated for the villages is distributed to all households at the request of community leaders on the grounds that all fishing families are poor. This practice has apparently occurred elsewhere.22

Poverty surveys for regions with socio-economic profiles similar to Babel Province suggest that the poor are likely to consist disproportionately of the elderly, female headed households, large households or households with little or no formal education. Households immediately above the poverty line, though not officially in poverty, are often vulnerable to contextual shifts in their circumstances. This applies particularly to those who are dependent on occupations sensitive to external shocks such as those dependent on global commodity markets, e.g. mining, and those

22 Gender and social protection in Indonesia: Raskin, the food subsidy programme, ODI/SMERU, October 2010


70


suffering from the effects of CC in the form of increased frequency of floods and typhoons. The low earning segments of the population such as those labouring in informal mining and on in plantations, or involved in petty trading, are also likely to be living just above the poverty line and at risk of falling into poverty when such shocks occur.

7.1.2 Babel Province and Gender

While little is known from official data or other surveys about poverty in Babel Province, even less is known about gender. Gender data are available in the National Socio-Economic Survey but they are not analysed at the province and district levels.

Only one gender empowerment index which covers Babel Province is available, the Gender Development Index (GDI). On the basis of the GDI, it is known that Babel Province has one of the weakest gender empowerment ratings in the country, at the fourth lowest. This index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector.

Women representation in decision making at the province/district/city level is so low as to be negligible. Between 2009-2014, female members in the provincial parliament increased by one, from four to five out of a total of 45. The composition of district parliaments are:- Pangkapinang City: 24 male, 1 female; Bangka District:

26 male, 4 female; Bangka Tengah District: 24 male, l female; Bangka Barat District: 23 male, 2 female; Bangka Selatan District 24 male 1 female; Belitung District: 23 male, 2 female; Belitung Timur District: 20 male and no female. Despite this, the GDI for Babel did improve during 2005 - 2010 from 54.3 to 60.36.

What is known more generally about gender is that high levels of vulnerability and poverty are strongly influenced by spatial and socio-cultural characteristics23. Gains have been made in gender equality over recent years in Indonesia. Most notably there are in equal access to education and health services, a reduction in early marriage, growing engagement of women in labour markets, and some small increases in the representation of women in political positions though not in Babel. However, women continue to face specific gendered economic and social risks.

Labour markets are segmented along gender lines, resulting in limited income opportunities for women relative to men, both in terms of the type of work available and gender disparities in wages. The main occupations in Babel are on the rubber and palm oil plantations where maintenance and extraction is traditionally male work. Similarly, mining is a male dominated occupation. Typically also, there are more economic opportunities for men in construction or carpentry. In contrast, women may sell produce from small market stalls, but such work is in a highly competitive market

23 Ibid ODI/SMERU 2010.

71



place with low returns and has to be balanced with family domestic duties which are still culturally defined as female. Accepted norms about the gender division of labour not only have an impact on women’s earning potential and on women’s access to, and ownership of, productive assets. And persistence of such perspectives is deeply rooted in the local practice of inheritance, which prioritises sons over daughters.

In addition, women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children, as well as earning income outside the home. This is a constraint to earning an independent income, or getting a better job. Women’s labour and income are often seen merely as supplements to the incomes of their husbands. However, in fishing communities in Babel, the CPEIR team learned that, in the vulnerable fishing communities of Babel, the preparation and sale of processed fish products by fisher wives was a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced fish catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands.

Gender mainstreaming is not effective in Babel Province at the moment. The main bureaucratic gender tool is the Gender Budget Statement (GBS). This is widely applied by government work units. But the specifications provided in the GBS documentation are general, vague and unquantified.

7.1.3 Government Poverty and Gender Policy and Programmes

The framework for poverty reduction at national level is guided by the

National Poverty Reduction Master Plan (2012). This required the provinces and districts to prepare their own poverty reduction strategies. The Babel Province Poverty Reduction Strategy covers the period 2014 - 2017. This document is rather general and its analysis superficial. It contains a poverty profile which is limited to that presented in section 7.1 above. And it identifies all twenty sectors as having a contribution to make in alleviating poverty in the future. No costings are provided in the document.

National Government poverty programmes which operate in all provinces of Indonesia are structured in three clusters, based on the objectives and targets of the programmes. Cluster 1 is for direct social assistance targeting poor households to help them meet their basis needs and protect against shocks. This cluster consists of several social assistance programmes: the Rice for the Poor programme; a conditional cash transfer programme PKH which provides cash to households; educational assistance for poor students (BSM); and subsidised health insurance (Jamkesmas). All four operate in Babel Province.

Cluster 2 provides social funds to poor communities to help improve basic social and economic services according to community priorities. It consists of several community-driven development programmes under the umbrella of PNPM (National Community Empowerment Programme). This programme is due to be replaced by the Programme for Accelerated Village Development under Law no.6/2014. According to the Presidential Regulation

71



place with low returns and has to be balanced with family domestic duties which are still culturally defined as female. Accepted norms about the gender division of labour not only have an impact on women’s earning potential and on women’s access to, and ownership of, productive assets. And persistence of such perspectives is deeply rooted in the local practice of inheritance, which prioritises sons over daughters.

In addition, women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children, as well as earning income outside the home. This is a constraint to earning an independent income, or getting a better job. Women’s labour and income are often seen merely as supplements to the incomes of their husbands. However, in fishing communities in Babel, the CPEIR team learned that, in the vulnerable fishing communities of Babel, the preparation and sale of processed fish products by fisher wives was a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced fish catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands.

Gender mainstreaming is not effective in Babel Province at the moment. The main bureaucratic gender tool is the Gender Budget Statement (GBS). This is widely applied by government work units. But the specifications provided in the GBS documentation are general, vague and unquantified.

7.1.3 Government Poverty and Gender Policy and Programmes

The framework for poverty reduction at national level is guided by the

National Poverty Reduction Master Plan (2012). This required the provinces and districts to prepare their own poverty reduction strategies. The Babel Province Poverty Reduction Strategy covers the period 2014 - 2017. This document is rather general and its analysis superficial. It contains a poverty profile which is limited to that presented in section 7.1 above. And it identifies all twenty sectors as having a contribution to make in alleviating poverty in the future. No costings are provided in the document.

National Government poverty programmes which operate in all provinces of Indonesia are structured in three clusters, based on the objectives and targets of the programmes. Cluster 1 is for direct social assistance targeting poor households to help them meet their basis needs and protect against shocks. This cluster consists of several social assistance programmes: the Rice for the Poor programme; a conditional cash transfer programme PKH which provides cash to households; educational assistance for poor students (BSM); and subsidised health insurance (Jamkesmas). All four operate in Babel Province.

Cluster 2 provides social funds to poor communities to help improve basic social and economic services according to community priorities. It consists of several community-driven development programmes under the umbrella of PNPM (National Community Empowerment Programme). This programme is due to be replaced by the Programme for Accelerated Village Development under Law no.6/2014. According to the Presidential Regulation


72


(PR) 2/2014, the Government will allocate funds to 72,000 villages all over Indonesia including in Babel Province. And it is estimated that each village will receive around IDR 700 million – IDR 1 billion.

Cluster 3 targets micro, small- and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) to provide access to credit without the requirement to provide collateral. The bank credit is guaranteed by the national government KUR programme.

According to the Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2013, only 3.6% of poor households in Babel were beneficiaries of the cash transfer (PKH) programme. But almost one third (31,7%) of the poor were beneficiaries of the Rice for the Poor (Raskin) programme with one of the least poor areas, Pangkal Pinang, having the highest percentage (40,4%) and West Bangka the lowest (14.3%).

The beneficiaries of the cash transfer (PKH) programme are families below the poverty line which have children up to junior secondary schooling age (15/16 years old). Payments are conditional on routine medical checkups for babies aged up to 5 years; and on school attendance for children of primary and junior secondary schooling age.

The Social Welfare Office in the Babel Province government has a number of poverty programmes as part of the 5 Year Strategic Plan. These are the Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme (with a target of 1,684 households for 2013 and 2014 combined)), the Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (target 3,000 households for 2013 and 2014), the Poor

Family Empowerment Programme (target 272 households), and the Marginalised Ethnic Community Empowerment Programme (target 170 households).

There are a number of challenges in implementing poverty programmes. Social programmes such as cash transfer (PKH), cash for the very poor (BLT), subsidised health care (Jamkesmas), Rice for the Poor (Raskin) have all experienced difficulties with targeting. The programmes have been using data from the BPS Social Protection Programme 2011. This is out of date so that there are differences between the listed beneficiary data and the actual needs on the ground. An updated survey is to be conducted in 2015 to be used for the 2016 poverty alleviation programmes. It is hoped to establish a Unified National Targeting System to address this. Belitung Timur District in Babel Province has successfully developed a prototype unification system to help target beneficiaries more effectively with validation based on a participatory approach. Its findings have been reported to national level for consideration.

7.1.4 The Province Poverty and Gender Coordination Team

The Presidential Regulation (PR)15/2010 provides for establishing dedicated poverty and gender teams at sub-national level (province, district and city level). These teams are the partners of the national poverty alleviation team (TNP2K). All government work units are members of these teams. The teams are tasked with coordinating, monitoring and reporting on poverty and gender

73



programmes guided by the national team headed by the Vice President of Indonesia. The provincial team reports on the implementation of the provincial level programmes to the Governor, the Province Head. The last report for Babel Province is for 2012.

Similarly at district level, the district or city team has to report to the relevant mayor or head of district. Finally, the Provincial Governor, as the representative of central government, has to report to the national team (TNP2K) in Jakarta.

Prior to the establishment of the poverty coordination team in Babel Province, an MDG Secretariat had been established The secretariat is divided into units for poverty alleviation, education and gender, health and nutrition, and sustainable environment. The secretariat has working groups to facilitate programme implementation headed by different government work units. The MDG secretariat is institutionally located in the Planning Agency (Bappeda). The secretary of Bappeda is the head of the MDG secretariat. P3BM (Pro-poor Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring)

7.1.5 Background to Pro-Poor Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring (P3BM)

This section is included in the CPEIR at the request of the UNDP Country Office.

Initially, the Ministry of Development Planning (Bappenas) in cooperation with ADB, (September 2006 - July

2008) piloted P3BM in nine districts and cities in NTT, Central Java and South Sumatra provinces. According to a lessons learnt report by independent consultants, the project had worked well in the pilot districts.

The P3BM toolkit was designed and introduced in 2007 - 2009 supported by co-financing from UNDP. The assumption underlying P3BM was that the availability and use of reliable evidence and data could make planning decisions more pro-poor and responsive to local needs. P3BM is aimed at ensuring that local government officials across the country have the information and instruments they need:

• to produce work plans and budgets that are pro-poor and sensitive to socio-economic inequalities;

• to monitor and evaluate local government performances related to the provision of public services for the poor;

• and so that citizens have access to monitoring tools to ensure that such plans are implemented appropriately.

Since 2010, the P3BM programme has been managed by Bappenas, with support from the PNPM Support Facility (PSF). The aim has been to build capacities and to conduct an initial series of pilots under the Local Government Capacity Development (LGCD) project. During this phase (2010-2012), training in the P3BM toolkit was provided for 32 districts not including any in Babel.

Law 22/1999 revised by Law 22/2004 enhanced the government’s role in bringing public services closer to

73



programmes guided by the national team headed by the Vice President of Indonesia. The provincial team reports on the implementation of the provincial level programmes to the Governor, the Province Head. The last report for Babel Province is for 2012.

Similarly at district level, the district or city team has to report to the relevant mayor or head of district. Finally, the Provincial Governor, as the representative of central government, has to report to the national team (TNP2K) in Jakarta.

Prior to the establishment of the poverty coordination team in Babel Province, an MDG Secretariat had been established The secretariat is divided into units for poverty alleviation, education and gender, health and nutrition, and sustainable environment. The secretariat has working groups to facilitate programme implementation headed by different government work units. The MDG secretariat is institutionally located in the Planning Agency (Bappeda). The secretary of Bappeda is the head of the MDG secretariat. P3BM (Pro-poor Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring)

7.1.5 Background to Pro-Poor Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring (P3BM)

This section is included in the CPEIR at the request of the UNDP Country Office.

Initially, the Ministry of Development Planning (Bappenas) in cooperation with ADB, (September 2006 - July

2008) piloted P3BM in nine districts and cities in NTT, Central Java and South Sumatra provinces. According to a lessons learnt report by independent consultants, the project had worked well in the pilot districts.

The P3BM toolkit was designed and introduced in 2007 - 2009 supported by co-financing from UNDP. The assumption underlying P3BM was that the availability and use of reliable evidence and data could make planning decisions more pro-poor and responsive to local needs. P3BM is aimed at ensuring that local government officials across the country have the information and instruments they need:

• to produce work plans and budgets that are pro-poor and sensitive to socio-economic inequalities;

• to monitor and evaluate local government performances related to the provision of public services for the poor;

• and so that citizens have access to monitoring tools to ensure that such plans are implemented appropriately.

Since 2010, the P3BM programme has been managed by Bappenas, with support from the PNPM Support Facility (PSF). The aim has been to build capacities and to conduct an initial series of pilots under the Local Government Capacity Development (LGCD) project. During this phase (2010-2012), training in the P3BM toolkit was provided for 32 districts not including any in Babel.

Law 22/1999 revised by Law 22/2004 enhanced the government’s role in bringing public services closer to


74


the community to fulfill community needs. The Government also intended to ameliorate the welfare of the community by reducing poverty through higher community participation, not only in the planning process but also in implementation and monitoring and evaluation. Budget planning should be in accordance with community needs and should address the needs of disadvantaged people.

P3BM support was to assist the regional governments in formulating development planning and budget allocation addressing poor communities. The experience from the pilot implementation was used to inform four modules. The modules offer a basic conceptual understanding of poverty and of the eight Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDG indicators were introduced as a basis of analysis in tracing poverty and for formulating development plans priorities and appropriate budget allocation. The modules introduced the basics of monitoring and evaluation for poverty alleviation programmes. The module also contained guidelines on the step-by-step application of the computerised P3BM instrument.

The national P3BM team has twice organised P3BM training courses in Babel, one session financed by UNDP. The trainings were at the request of the Provincial Government Strengthening Programme (PGSP), in line with the mission of the PGSP to assist local government in achieving its good governance goal. One training was financed by the PGSP project and another funded by the P3BM team in Bappenas, Jakarta. After training, the provincial

government should have established a “Clinic” team to act as training of trainers for local areas. The clinic team should be be formalised by Governor’s decree in order to provide for the operational costs of the team.

The P3BM provides a computerised information system. The software is provided by the national P3BM team and is the main tool for poverty mapping. The mapping process is based on information from each government unit. The P3BM system as it is currently implemented does not interact with communities, only with government officials. However, it is assumed that the information obtained from government offices and agencies (SKPD) has already passed through a public participation process as per government procedures for bottom-up planning.

The CPEIR team found that the P3BM system is not operational in Babel Province. In the view of Babel Province officials, the P3BM team in Bappenas did not follow up after the training. It was expected that further trainings would also have been sponsored by the PGSP project which has now finished. According to the non-active P3BM team in Babel, after the establishment of the Babel clinic team and training, there was no further guidance from national level.

7.2 Poverty Findings

Poverty analysis for climate change was severely constrained by a lack of data. While the extent of poverty in Babel Province is known, the CPEIR team could not find data about who are the poor and their demographic, and socio-economic characteristics.

75



Stakeholder vulnerability mapping carried out by the CPEIR team at the province and sub-district levels suggests that fishing communities are poor and particularly at risk from CC.

The poverty headcount ratio for Babel Province is well below the national average. Poverty in the province fell from 9.7% in 2005 to 5.3% in 2013, compared with a national average rate of 11.4%. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas at 7% compared with an urban poverty level of 3.5% in 2013.

The low paid segments of the population labouring in informal mining and on plantations, or those involved in petty trading, are also likely to be living just above the poverty line and at risk of falling into poverty when external shocks occur.

The main poverty programmes in Babel Province are the social assistance programmes of Rice for the Poor (Raskin); conditional cash transfers (PKH)); educational assistance for poor students (BSM); and subsidised health care (Jamkesmas). For fishing communiteis, there is a Fishing Boat Purchase for the Poor programme.

Poverty and gender activities are coordinated and monitored by a Poverty and Gender Coordinating team at province and district level. The provincial team reports on the implementation of the provincial level programmes to the Governor. The last poverty report for Babel Province is for 2012.

7.3 Gender Findings

As for climate change poverty analysis, little is known from official

data or other surveys about poverty in Babel Province, even less is known about gender. Inevitably, the CC gender analysis is severely limited.

The Gender Development Index (GDI) rating for Babel Province is one of the weakest in the country, at the fourth lowest of the 34 province in the country. This index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector. Women representation in political decision making processes at the province, district and city levels is negligible.

Women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children. This is often a constraint to earning an independent income. However, in poor fishing communities in Babel, the processing and sale of fish and fish products by fisher wives is a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands.

Gender mainstreaming in the Province is weak due to lack of technical capacity and weak accountability mechanisms.

7.4 P3BM Findings

There is much evidence that local government work units (SKPD) are using different data for planning. Data are often not stored in a central data system but kept by individual officers on their personal computers. High staff turnover as a result of frequent personnel transfer between government work units means that institutional memory is weak and data not stored in a whole office data system, are lost as staff leave.

75



Stakeholder vulnerability mapping carried out by the CPEIR team at the province and sub-district levels suggests that fishing communities are poor and particularly at risk from CC.

The poverty headcount ratio for Babel Province is well below the national average. Poverty in the province fell from 9.7% in 2005 to 5.3% in 2013, compared with a national average rate of 11.4%. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas at 7% compared with an urban poverty level of 3.5% in 2013.

The low paid segments of the population labouring in informal mining and on plantations, or those involved in petty trading, are also likely to be living just above the poverty line and at risk of falling into poverty when external shocks occur.

The main poverty programmes in Babel Province are the social assistance programmes of Rice for the Poor (Raskin); conditional cash transfers (PKH)); educational assistance for poor students (BSM); and subsidised health care (Jamkesmas). For fishing communiteis, there is a Fishing Boat Purchase for the Poor programme.

Poverty and gender activities are coordinated and monitored by a Poverty and Gender Coordinating team at province and district level. The provincial team reports on the implementation of the provincial level programmes to the Governor. The last poverty report for Babel Province is for 2012.

7.3 Gender Findings

As for climate change poverty analysis, little is known from official

data or other surveys about poverty in Babel Province, even less is known about gender. Inevitably, the CC gender analysis is severely limited.

The Gender Development Index (GDI) rating for Babel Province is one of the weakest in the country, at the fourth lowest of the 34 province in the country. This index is based on levels of female participation in Parliament, in the civil service and in the private sector. Women representation in political decision making processes at the province, district and city levels is negligible.

Women spend a significant part of their time managing the household and taking care of children. This is often a constraint to earning an independent income. However, in poor fishing communities in Babel, the processing and sale of fish and fish products by fisher wives is a common and important coping strategy in the face of reduced catches or low fish prices obtained by their husbands.

Gender mainstreaming in the Province is weak due to lack of technical capacity and weak accountability mechanisms.

7.4 P3BM Findings

There is much evidence that local government work units (SKPD) are using different data for planning. Data are often not stored in a central data system but kept by individual officers on their personal computers. High staff turnover as a result of frequent personnel transfer between government work units means that institutional memory is weak and data not stored in a whole office data system, are lost as staff leave.



76


The P3BM concept has provided a useful development planning information and data system (the MDGs System Database) which allows for easier data management and helps guarantees the availability of data and its quality. The MDGs Database has the ability to to store, process and output MDGs data.

According to an independent review, P3BM has proven successful in the

pilot district not including any in Babel Province. There is evidence that P3BM provides a solid base for the continuation of the programme.

An attempts has been made to

introduce the P3BM system into Babel Province but it has never been fully installed due mainly to lack of follow up and support by the central P3BM team.

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8

DISTRICT CASE STUDIES

77



8

DISTRICT CASE STUDIES

District Case Studies

78


8 DISTRICT CASE STUDIES

8.1 Central Bangka District (Bangka Tengah)

Central Bangka is a district on Bangka Island in Babel Province, covering 2,156.8 square kilometers with Koba city as the district capital. The district contains a population of 161, 234 (2010), of which 52 % are male. The district is neighbouring the provincial capital and was created

as an administrative district in 2003. Before that Central Bangka was part of Bangka District that covered the whole island.

Education data 2013 show that 16.9% of population do not have formal education. 39.2% have primary school as their highest education level and only 2.7% finish tertiary education. The top three occupations

Fig 8.1: Map Showing the Location of Central Bangka

79



are farmers and plantation workers, labourers, private sector employees and fishermen. The average monthly income of a Central Bangka citizen in 2013 was Rp 1.78 million, 3.5% higher than in 2012.

Table 8.1 shows that the largest three economics sectors are mining, trade-tourism and manufacturing. Central Bangka used to host the Kobatin mining company but this closed in 2013. The top growth sectors in 2013 were transport and communication, finance, real estate, business and services. Illegal and unrecorded tin mining activities made up significant portion of the poor peoples’ livelihood.

In 2012, there were 9,300 (5.6%)

people living below the poverty line in Central Bangka. The poverty rate is the highest among districts on Bangka Island and the third highest in Babel Province. Central Bangka

has the lowest primary school net enrolment rate (NER) with 91.0 % in Bangka Island, and the second lowest in Babel Province. For junior high school and senior high school NER, Central Bangka is the lowest in the whole province with 52.9 % for junior high and 35. 6 % for senior high.

Central Bangka has high vulnerabilities to climate extreme events with flood (2007 & 2015) and recurrent typhoons (2007, 2013 & 2014).

The vision of the Central Bangka 2011-2015 Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) is to achieve a prosperous society based on good governance, science and religiosity with orientation toward a people’s economy and the environment. The first priority is to optimise natural resource utilisation for people’s welfare and sustainable environment with sustainable mining and better control of environmental damage.

Table 8.1: GRDP and Growth by Sector 2012-2013 (billion rupiah in constant 2000 prices)

No Sector 2012 % 2013 %





5 Construction 409.1 11.3 495.3 8.4




9 Services 273.5 11.2 354.5 11.9

GRDP 4224.7 5.95 1858.7 5.55


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are farmers and plantation workers, labourers, private sector employees and fishermen. The average monthly income of a Central Bangka citizen in 2013 was Rp 1.78 million, 3.5% higher than in 2012.

Table 8.1 shows that the largest three economics sectors are mining, trade-tourism and manufacturing. Central Bangka used to host the Kobatin mining company but this closed in 2013. The top growth sectors in 2013 were transport and communication, finance, real estate, business and services. Illegal and unrecorded tin mining activities made up significant portion of the poor peoples’ livelihood.

In 2012, there were 9,300 (5.6%)

people living below the poverty line in Central Bangka. The poverty rate is the highest among districts on Bangka Island and the third highest in Babel Province. Central Bangka

has the lowest primary school net enrolment rate (NER) with 91.0 % in Bangka Island, and the second lowest in Babel Province. For junior high school and senior high school NER, Central Bangka is the lowest in the whole province with 52.9 % for junior high and 35. 6 % for senior high.

Central Bangka has high vulnerabilities to climate extreme events with flood (2007 & 2015) and recurrent typhoons (2007, 2013 & 2014).

The vision of the Central Bangka 2011-2015 Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) is to achieve a prosperous society based on good governance, science and religiosity with orientation toward a people’s economy and the environment. The first priority is to optimise natural resource utilisation for people’s welfare and sustainable environment with sustainable mining and better control of environmental damage.


No Sector 2012 % 2013 %





5 Construction 409.1 11.3 495.3 8.4




9 Services 273.5 11.2 354.5 11.9

GRDP 4224.7 5.95 1858.7 5.55



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As seen in Fig 8.2, the Unconditional Grant (DAU) made up the largest portion of Central Bangka District revenue with a share ranging from 61-66 %. Locally raised revenue even though small saw a steady increase, almost tripling in value and increasing in share from 5.3% to 6.8%. Thus

financial independence is slowly increasing but from a very low base.

As seen in Fig 8.3, personnel expenses made up the largest component of district public expenditure with a tendency to doubling in size and increase in share (from 37.1 % in 2010

Fig 8.2: Central Bangka District Revenue (in billion rupiah at current prices)

Source: CPEIR calculation from planned budgets

600

500

400

300

200

100

-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Other Revenue

Profit Sharing Fund

Unconditional Grand (DAU)


Own Revenue

Fig 8.3: Expenditure by Type (in billion rupiah at current prices)


600

500

400

300

200

100

-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Goods & Service

Capital

Other

Personnel

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to 46.1 % in 2014). Capital expense during 2012-2014 made up 25.1% of total expenditure.

More detailed expenditure by function in Fig 8.4 shows that most of the expenditure was directed toward public services especially education and health.

The districts are not required to have a climate change action plan. Since the closing of the Kobatin tin mine, the government has tried to boost tourism but without significant success. A big project is on the way to create a resort in Pelawan island near Koba.

8.2 East Belitung District (Belitung Timur)

East Belitung is a district on Belitung Island in Babel Province covering 2,506.9 square kilometer with

Manggar city as the district capital. The district has a population of 116,356 (2013) where 51.4 % are male. The district was created as an administrative unit in 2003. Before that East Belitung was part of Belitung District that covered the whole island.

The average monthly income of East Belitung citizen in 2013 was Rp 2.55 million. As seen in Table 8.2, the three largest economic sectors are agriculture, trade-tourism and manufacturing. The top three growth sectors in 2013 were services, trade and tourism and transport and communication. East Belitung is the home town of the famous author, Andrea Hirata, and the setting for his top selling novel series Laskar Pelangi (the Rainbow Troops). This draws legions of tourist from all over Indonesia.

In 2012, there were 7,880 people living below the poverty line in

Fig 8.4: Expenditure by Function (in billion rupiah at current prices)


100%

90%

80%

70%

50%

60%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Social Security

Education

Culture and Tourism

Health

Housing and Publik Facilities

Environment

Economic

Security

Public Service

81



to 46.1 % in 2014). Capital expense during 2012-2014 made up 25.1% of total expenditure.

More detailed expenditure by function in Fig 8.4 shows that most of the expenditure was directed toward public services especially education and health.

The districts are not required to have a climate change action plan. Since the closing of the Kobatin tin mine, the government has tried to boost tourism but without significant success. A big project is on the way to create a resort in Pelawan island near Koba.

8.2 East Belitung District (Belitung Timur)

East Belitung is a district on Belitung Island in Babel Province covering 2,506.9 square kilometer with

Manggar city as the district capital. The district has a population of 116,356 (2013) where 51.4 % are male. The district was created as an administrative unit in 2003. Before that East Belitung was part of Belitung District that covered the whole island.

The average monthly income of East Belitung citizen in 2013 was Rp 2.55 million. As seen in Table 8.2, the three largest economic sectors are agriculture, trade-tourism and manufacturing. The top three growth sectors in 2013 were services, trade and tourism and transport and communication. East Belitung is the home town of the famous author, Andrea Hirata, and the setting for his top selling novel series Laskar Pelangi (the Rainbow Troops). This draws legions of tourist from all over Indonesia.

In 2012, there were 7,880 people living below the poverty line in

Fig 8.4: Expenditure by Function (in billion rupiah at current prices)


100%

90%

80%

70%

50%

60%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Social Security

Education

Culture and Tourism

Health


Environment

Economic

Security

Public Service


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Fig 8.5: Map Showing Location of East Belitung


No Sector 2012 % 2013 %





5 Construction 73.3 10.58 77.6 5.92


7 Transportation & CommCCommCommunication 33.9 4.20 36.0 6.27


9 Services 115.6 8.30 123.9 7.21

GRDP 996.3 6.13 1049.4 5.33

Source: East Belitung Government Annual Work Plan 2015

83



East Belitung, comprising 7.1% of its population. The poverty rate is the highest in Babel Province. East Belitung has the lowest primary school net enrolment rate (NER) with 91.0 % in Bangka Island and the second lowest in Babel Province. For junior high school NER, East Belitung is the third in the province with 63.6% of junior high children age at school. For high school, East Belitung is the second lowest in Babel Province with 36.1%.

East Belitung has high vulnerabilities to extreme climate events with flood (2007 & 2013), landslide (2013) and recurrent typhoons (2007, 2008 & 2014) that damaged the District Head’s office.

The official vision of East Belitung 2011-2015 Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) is “to achieve a prosperous society with strong - professional human resource and management of natural resource

with sustainability”. Its fifth mission is to manage natural resource with sustainability.

As seen in Fig 8.6, the Unconditional Grant (DAU) made up the largest portion of central Bangka District revenue with a share ranging from 63-67%. Locally raised revenue, though small, saw a steady increase of 250% from 2010 to 2014 in value and increase in share from 7.3% to 9.0%, thereby slowly increasing its financial independence.

Personnel expenses (Fig 8.7) made up the largest component of expenditure, growing 50% in size and holding its share steady at 45%. Capital expenditure during 2012-2014 made up 26.9% of total.

More detailed expenditure by function in Fig 8.8 shows that most public expenditure was directed toward public services especially education and health.

Fig 8.6: East Belitung District’s Revenue (in billion rupiah at current prices)


600

500

400

300

200

100

-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Other Revenue

Profit Sharing Fund



Own Revenue

83



East Belitung, comprising 7.1% of its population. The poverty rate is the highest in Babel Province. East Belitung has the lowest primary school net enrolment rate (NER) with 91.0 % in Bangka Island and the second lowest in Babel Province. For junior high school NER, East Belitung is the third in the province with 63.6% of junior high children age at school. For high school, East Belitung is the second lowest in Babel Province with 36.1%.

East Belitung has high vulnerabilities to extreme climate events with flood (2007 & 2013), landslide (2013) and recurrent typhoons (2007, 2008 & 2014) that damaged the District Head’s office.

The official vision of East Belitung 2011-2015 Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) is “to achieve a prosperous society with strong - professional human resource and management of natural resource

with sustainability”. Its fifth mission is to manage natural resource with sustainability.

As seen in Fig 8.6, the Unconditional Grant (DAU) made up the largest portion of central Bangka District revenue with a share ranging from 63-67%. Locally raised revenue, though small, saw a steady increase of 250% from 2010 to 2014 in value and increase in share from 7.3% to 9.0%, thereby slowly increasing its financial independence.

Personnel expenses (Fig 8.7) made up the largest component of expenditure, growing 50% in size and holding its share steady at 45%. Capital expenditure during 2012-2014 made up 26.9% of total.

More detailed expenditure by function in Fig 8.8 shows that most public expenditure was directed toward public services especially education and health.

Fig 8.6: East Belitung District’s Revenue (in billion rupiah at current prices)


600

500

400

300

200

100

-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Other Revenue

Profit Sharing Fund



Own Revenue


84


Fig 8.7: Expenditure by Type (in billion rupiah)


700

600

500

400

300

200

100

-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Goods & Service

Capital

Other

Personnel

Fig 8.8: Expenditure by Function (in billion rupiah)


100%

90%

80%

70%

50%

60%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Social Security

Education

Culture and Tourism

Health


Environment

Economic

Security

Public Service

85



8.3 District Findings

Both Districts give high priority in their Medium Term Plans to environmental issues especially in relation to damage caused by mining. But neither District has substantial awareness of CC.

East Belitung District administration recognises the role of family small-scale tin mining, and has registered and licenced participants. However, with the new provisions of Law

23/2104, the authority over mining has passed to the Province.

East Belitung District has banned the destructive practice of sea bed mining because of its concern to develop tourism. But again, with Law 23/104, it has lost its authority over mining.

East Belitung has been more successful in switching from mining to tourism due to its tied to best selling tetralogy novels.

85



8.3 District Findings

Both Districts give high priority in their Medium Term Plans to environmental issues especially in relation to damage caused by mining. But neither District has substantial awareness of CC.

East Belitung District administration recognises the role of family small-scale tin mining, and has registered and licenced participants. However, with the new provisions of Law

23/2104, the authority over mining has passed to the Province.

East Belitung District has banned the destructive practice of sea bed mining because of its concern to develop tourism. But again, with Law 23/104, it has lost its authority over mining.

East Belitung has been more successful in switching from mining to tourism due to its tied to best selling tetralogy novels.


86


87



9

RECOMMENDATIONS

87



9

RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations

88


9 RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 Policy Recommendations

Babel CC Mitigation Strategy

(RAD-GRK)

Review and revise the RAD-GRK to eliminate anomalies and improve coherence and effectiveness. Action: Bappeda.

Enhance the potential of coastal areas (especially coral reefs) as a carbon store and include in revised RAD-GRK. Action: Marine and Fishery Office.

Reduce illegal mining with a view to protecting the carbon sequestration capacity of Babel Islands. Action: Babel Governor.

Monitor and evaluate the achievements of emission reductions in accordance with RAD-GRK mandate and assess cost-benefit scenarios of efforts to reduce GHGs to help establish funding priorities. Action: Bappeda and Environment Agency.

At the national level, issue a Joint Ministerial Decree between Ministry of Home Affairs, Bappenas, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry to monitor and evaluate of the mitigation actions progress. Action: MoHA, Bappenas, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Incorporate the Provincial CC Mitigation strategy actions (RAD-GRK) into the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD), the Regional Work Units’ Strategic Plans (Restra SKPD),

the Annual Development/Work Plan (RKPD) and the Annual Regional Unit Work Plans. This will help integrate government CC mitigation policy into the ongoing policy and strategy processes of Babel Province, and will help link CC adaptation to funding from the regular provincial government budget. Action: Provinical Secretary/Bappeda with relevant provincial work units.

Babel CC Adaptation Strategy (RAD-API)

To improve awareness of CC impact on Babel in the province, build a CC knowledge base and disseminate scientific information and technical guidance to stakeholders and society, about CC nature, impacts and projections as well as about the role of the RAN-API in regional development and community livelihoods. Action: Bappeda and Environment Agency.

Formulate a CC Adapatation Strategy (RAD-API) for the Province which can provide a conceptual and operational framework for the incorporation of CC adaptation into regular ongoing planning and budgeting processes. Action: Bappeda, Environment Agency with support from UNDP.

Incorporate CC adaptation strategy into the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD), Regional Unit Strategic Plan (Restra SKPD), Annual Development Plan (RKPD) and Annual Regional Unit Work Plans. Action: Bappeda.

89

Recommendations


Based on the RAD-API, prepare CC adaptation strategies for key adaptation sectors based on the modification and upscaling of existing programmes (environment, agriculture, forestry, water and sanitation, health, marine and fishery). Action: Bappeda and Environment Agency with support from UNDP.

Develop “scenario planning” for CC adaptation strategies (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, resilience) to avoid “mal adaptions” based on vulnerability indices such as the IKS and IKA (SIDIK) and depending on the interests and aspiration of Babel Province. Bappeda and Environment Agency with support from UNDP.

9.2 Institutional Recommendations

Mitigation and Adaptation

Include mitigation issues in MoHA regulations for sub-national development planning and budgeting. Action: MoHA.

Revise the RAD-GRK to provide clarity on tasks and functions in order to implement the mandates of the RAD-GRK consistently. Action: Provincial Secretary / Bappeda

Establish the CC mitigation coordination team as the oversight body for the implementation (as mandated in chapter 7), which consist of work units, private companies, and CSO. Action: Provincial Secretary / Bappeda

Consider how to strengthen role of Provincial Secretary to coordinate

and monitor the implementation of CC activities. Action: Governor.

Ensure Bappeda and Environment Agency evaluate annually the emissions calculations. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Carry out CC awareness raising for village councils and officials. Communities involved in the village planning and budgeting process should be made aware about climate issues to enable good use of the village budget allocation which could improve the village CC resilience. Action: Bappeda or NGOs with support from UNDP.

Establish village links to the SIDIK online database system. It could help the village to identify needs to address CC impact in the future. Action: District Bappeda

Provide CC technical assistance and capacity building to all institutions involved in mitigation and adaptation. Action: Bappeda with support from UNDP.

CC Coordination

Strengthen high level CC coordinating functions as stipulated in the Law on sub-national government. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Expand the tasks of the CC mitigation Coordination Team to include CC adaptation, under the Provincial Secretary. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Revise the GubR on tasks and functions of the sub-national units to add CC, given frequent staff rotation in order to retain institutional memory

89

Recommendations


Based on the RAD-API, prepare CC adaptation strategies for key adaptation sectors based on the modification and upscaling of existing programmes (environment, agriculture, forestry, water and sanitation, health, marine and fishery). Action: Bappeda and Environment Agency with support from UNDP.

Develop “scenario planning” for CC adaptation strategies (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, resilience) to avoid “mal adaptions” based on vulnerability indices such as the IKS and IKA (SIDIK) and depending on the interests and aspiration of Babel Province. Bappeda and Environment Agency with support from UNDP.

9.2 Institutional Recommendations

Mitigation and Adaptation

Include mitigation issues in MoHA regulations for sub-national development planning and budgeting. Action: MoHA.

Revise the RAD-GRK to provide clarity on tasks and functions in order to implement the mandates of the RAD-GRK consistently. Action: Provincial Secretary / Bappeda

Establish the CC mitigation coordination team as the oversight body for the implementation (as mandated in chapter 7), which consist of work units, private companies, and CSO. Action: Provincial Secretary / Bappeda

Consider how to strengthen role of Provincial Secretary to coordinate

and monitor the implementation of CC activities. Action: Governor.

Ensure Bappeda and Environment Agency evaluate annually the emissions calculations. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Carry out CC awareness raising for village councils and officials. Communities involved in the village planning and budgeting process should be made aware about climate issues to enable good use of the village budget allocation which could improve the village CC resilience. Action: Bappeda or NGOs with support from UNDP.

Establish village links to the SIDIK online database system. It could help the village to identify needs to address CC impact in the future. Action: District Bappeda

Provide CC technical assistance and capacity building to all institutions involved in mitigation and adaptation. Action: Bappeda with support from UNDP.

CC Coordination

Strengthen high level CC coordinating functions as stipulated in the Law on sub-national government. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Expand the tasks of the CC mitigation Coordination Team to include CC adaptation, under the Provincial Secretary. Action: Provincial Secretary.

Revise the GubR on tasks and functions of the sub-national units to add CC, given frequent staff rotation in order to retain institutional memory

Recommendations

90


on CC actions. Action: Province Secretary.

9.3 PFM Recommendations

General

Consider financing climate change mitigation and adaptation for sub-national governments from Specific Allocation Funds (DAK) augmented by performance-based grants as suggested by the Fiscal Study Agency of the Ministry of Finance in 201224 (Dana Insentif Kinerja). Action: Ministry of Finance.

Introduce CC relevant tagging for sub-national government. Action: Ministry of Finance and MoHA.

PBB

Enforce the use under PBB of measureable targets and indicators for every programme through its programme budget documents. Action: Internal Audit Units in Sub-national Government, Ministry of Finance and MoHA.

Carry out routine PBB evaluation of each unit’s budget and programmes as part of the annual report process. Action: Internal Audit Units in Sub-national Government, Ministry of Finance and MoHA.

Apply a reward and penalty PBB compliance system for each unit and its individual programmes. Action: Governor and Provincial Secretary.

Planning & budgeting process

Incorporate CC screening into the preparation of medium-term plans, annual plans and budgets. Action: Province Secretary / Bappeda

For the annual planning and budgeting process, incorporate CC actions either during preparation of the provincial/district work plan in February/March or the provincial/district units’ forum (Forum SKPD) in March. Action: Bappeda.

Focus initially on modification and upscaling of existing climate relevant programmes for integratation of CC adaptation into routine planning and budgeting processes. Action: Bappeda / CC sensitive work units.

MoHA to play a bigger role in the evaluation of sub-national work plans to check whether CC actions have been included. Action: MoHA.

9.4 CC Expenditure Recommendations

Improve access to actual realised expenditure data. Action: Bappeda.

Direct mitigation expenditure in Babel Province towards post-mining reclamation, forest protection, replacing diesel power plants and coastal protection. Action: Bappeda.

Direct adaptation expenditure to CC awareness raising, water resources protection, dengue and malaria prevention, diversifying livelihoods and disaster management. Action: Bappeda.

24 BKF , Instruments and Mechanism for Financing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Programmes. 2012

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Recommendations


9.5 Poverty Recommendations

Provide analysis of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the poor for the province planning system. The National Statistics Agency should be approached by the Province for this purpose. The National Centre for Poverty Reduction can also be approached. Action: Province Poverty and Gender Team.

Produce up-to- date poverty reports and use their findings and lessons learned in programme and budget planning. Action: Poverty and Gender Team.

Make poverty planning more effective by improved accountability in the budget hearings process. Ensure that every budget proposal has considered its relationship with poverty. Action: Bappeda.

9.6 Gender Recommendations

Request the help of the National Statistical Agency and the National Centre for Poverty Reduction Carry to carry out analysis of gender data available in the National Socio-Economic Survey. Action: Bappeda and the Poverty and Gender Team.

Strengthen the mechanisms for gender reporting and accountability. Action: Bappeda and the Poverty and Gender Team.

Improved gender planning, reporting and accountability through the budget hearings process. Ensured that every budget proposal has considered its relationship with gender. Action: Bappeda.

9.7 P3BM Recommendations

Institute and activate the P3BM system and software for effective pro-poor planning and targeting of development in Babel Province. Action: Bappeda.

Make the P3BM process more participatory process involving stakeholders such as communities and NGOs. Action: Bappeda.

Provide strong commitment for activating the P3BM system. Action: Bappeda.

Resume contacts with the national P3BM team under Bappenas to request software and training for operationalising P3BM tools. Action: Bappeda

9.8 District Recommendations

Adopt the banning of sea bed mining and the registration of family scale tin mining. Action: Mining and Energy Office, Provincial Government.

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Recommendations


9.5 Poverty Recommendations

Provide analysis of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the poor for the province planning system. The National Statistics Agency should be approached by the Province for this purpose. The National Centre for Poverty Reduction can also be approached. Action: Province Poverty and Gender Team.

Produce up-to- date poverty reports and use their findings and lessons learned in programme and budget planning. Action: Poverty and Gender Team.

Make poverty planning more effective by improved accountability in the budget hearings process. Ensure that every budget proposal has considered its relationship with poverty. Action: Bappeda.

9.6 Gender Recommendations

Request the help of the National Statistical Agency and the National Centre for Poverty Reduction Carry to carry out analysis of gender data available in the National Socio-Economic Survey. Action: Bappeda and the Poverty and Gender Team.

Strengthen the mechanisms for gender reporting and accountability. Action: Bappeda and the Poverty and Gender Team.

Improved gender planning, reporting and accountability through the budget hearings process. Ensured that every budget proposal has considered its relationship with gender. Action: Bappeda.

9.7 P3BM Recommendations

Institute and activate the P3BM system and software for effective pro-poor planning and targeting of development in Babel Province. Action: Bappeda.

Make the P3BM process more participatory process involving stakeholders such as communities and NGOs. Action: Bappeda.

Provide strong commitment for activating the P3BM system. Action: Bappeda.

Resume contacts with the national P3BM team under Bappenas to request software and training for operationalising P3BM tools. Action: Bappeda

9.8 District Recommendations

Adopt the banning of sea bed mining and the registration of family scale tin mining. Action: Mining and Energy Office, Provincial Government.

Annex

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Annex

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Annex

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ANNEX 1: INTERFACING CC VULNERABILITY WITH CC POLICY

The CC Vulnerability Concept

Because climate change impacts are largely experienced at the local level, adaptation is often framed as a community issue (Preston, Mustelin, and Maloney 2013). However, the design, implementation, and scaling-up of adaptation strategies requires the knowledge and resources

provided by other stakeholders including government and civil society (Adger, Arnell, and Tompkins 2005; Schipper et al. 2014). In addition, many of the barriers to adaptation exist within the institutional and political contexts that govern communities, particularly in developing countries (Lemos et al. 2007; Scoones 2009; Cannon and M€uller-Mahn 2010; Ensor 2011).

Source: Modified from Butler, J.R.A., Handayani, T., Habibi, P., Skewes, T., Kisman, Putranta, M. 2011. NTB Scenario Planning Workshop Report, 31st May – 2nd June 2011. Climate Futures and Rural Livelihood Adaptation Strategies in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, Indonesia. AusAID-CSIRO Research for Development Alliance, University of Mataram, NTB Government. CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship, Brisbane, and University of Mataram, Lombok

Fig. A.1.1: Methodology of vulnerability assasment, possible adaptation plan and policy design

Scientific knowledge

Socio-economic trends

Q1. Current and trend for Babelenvironment, economy and culture?

Perceptions of drivers

Future scenarios

Links between ecosystems andhuman well-being

Adaptive capacity assessments

Most vunerable livelihoods andcase studies

Adaptation strategies

Policy needs

Q2. Possible future for Babel livelihoods?

Q3. Effect of Babel trend of environment,economy and culture on human

well-being?

Q4. Adaptive capacity of livelihoodstoday?

Q5. Most vulnerable livelihoods?

Q6. Priority adaptation strategies, policiesfor vulnerable livelihoods?

Climate pattern adn projections

SIDIK on line - DIBI

Natural resource status

Ecosystem model

Ecosystem services typology

Ecosystem services impacts

Adaptation strategy examples

Shared knoledge

Exposure, sensitivity

Adaptive capacity

Vulnerability

Stakeholder knoledge

Method’s: Literature Review, Workshop, Participatory FGD’s, In-depth Interviewand Field visit for evidence based

95

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Integrating the challenges of climate change with broader livelihoods and social development goals is a novel area of research and practice. This approach aims to contribute to this field by applying and integrating a suite of systems science concepts and methods, both climate and development-orientated, to the nexus between climate adaptation, poverty alleviation and policy design. The vunerability concept considers four frameworks which are specified as (i) the system (or region and/or population group/organizational and/or sector) and (ii) the hazards as a potential impact (or threats or stressors) (iii) the consequences (or effects or valued attributes or variables of concern), and (iv) a temporal reference. These four fundamental dimensions useful for Babel to describe the context of a local vulnerable conditions.

1. System: The system or region and/or population group and/or sector of concern. Considering that some research also involves the concept of vulnerability to social systems and also suggested by Downing and Patwardhan (2003) to combined into a natural systems as well.

2. Hazard: The external stressor (or set of stressors) of concern. United Nations (2004) defines a ‘hazard’ broadly as “a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”. Hence, a hazard is understood as some external influence that may adversely affect a valued attribute of a system.

3. Valued attribute: The valued attribute (or variables of concern) of the vulnerable system that are threatened by its exposure to the hazard. Complex hazards, such as anthropogenic climate change or economic globalization, may have a wide range of effects on a particular system or community.

4. Temporal reference: The time period of interest. If the vulnerability of a system or its exposure to the hazard is expected to change significantly during the time period considered in an assessment, statements about vulnerability should specify a temporal reference ( the point in time or period of time that we refer to. This is particularly relevant for vulnerability assessments addressing

Table:2.1: Classification of vulnerability factors according to scale and disciplinary domain

Domain Scale Socio Economic Biophysical

Internal Adaptive/response capacity: household income, health, population growth, access to climate information, No 4th weakest gender development index in Indonesia, Weak HDI,

Sensitivity: topography, land degradation, critical land, watershed degradation, sea/corals degradation and current climate

External External social factors: international and national policies, economic globalization, regional policy and arrangement

Exposure: severe storms, flooding, land slide, sea-level raise

The table illustrates the independence of these dimensions by providing examples for the four categories of vulnerability (or risk) factors implicitly defined.

95

Annex


Integrating the challenges of climate change with broader livelihoods and social development goals is a novel area of research and practice. This approach aims to contribute to this field by applying and integrating a suite of systems science concepts and methods, both climate and development-orientated, to the nexus between climate adaptation, poverty alleviation and policy design. The vunerability concept considers four frameworks which are specified as (i) the system (or region and/or population group/organizational and/or sector) and (ii) the hazards as a potential impact (or threats or stressors) (iii) the consequences (or effects or valued attributes or variables of concern), and (iv) a temporal reference. These four fundamental dimensions useful for Babel to describe the context of a local vulnerable conditions.

1. System: The system or region and/or population group and/or sector of concern. Considering that some research also involves the concept of vulnerability to social systems and also suggested by Downing and Patwardhan (2003) to combined into a natural systems as well.

2. Hazard: The external stressor (or set of stressors) of concern. United Nations (2004) defines a ‘hazard’ broadly as “a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”. Hence, a hazard is understood as some external influence that may adversely affect a valued attribute of a system.

3. Valued attribute: The valued attribute (or variables of concern) of the vulnerable system that are threatened by its exposure to the hazard. Complex hazards, such as anthropogenic climate change or economic globalization, may have a wide range of effects on a particular system or community.

4. Temporal reference: The time period of interest. If the vulnerability of a system or its exposure to the hazard is expected to change significantly during the time period considered in an assessment, statements about vulnerability should specify a temporal reference ( the point in time or period of time that we refer to. This is particularly relevant for vulnerability assessments addressing

Table:2.1: Classification of vulnerability factors according to scale and disciplinary domain

Domain Scale Socio Economic Biophysical

Internal Adaptive/response capacity: household income, health, population growth, access to climate information, No 4th weakest gender development index in Indonesia, Weak HDI,

Sensitivity: topography, land degradation, critical land, watershed degradation, sea/corals degradation and current climate

External External social factors: international and national policies, economic globalization, regional policy and arrangement

Exposure: severe storms, flooding, land slide, sea-level raise

The table illustrates the independence of these dimensions by providing examples for the four categories of vulnerability (or risk) factors implicitly defined.

Annex

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anthropogenic climate change, which may have a time horizon of several decades or longer.

Interfacing CC vulnerability to CC Co-Benefits Adaptation Policy in Indonesia and Babel

Different interpretations of vulnerability can be distinguished based on which of the four groups of vulnerability factors are included. Vulnerability definitions comprising only one group of factors are denoted by adding the scale and the domain as qualifiers (e.g., ‘internal socioeconomic vulnerability’). All relevant vulnerability definitions that comprise factors from two groups combine factors from either the same scale or the same domain.

The qualifier ‘cross-scale’ is used for combinations of internal and external factors, and ‘integrated’ for combinations of socioeconomic and biophysical factors. These qualifiers allow to uniquely denote vulnerability definitions combining two groups of factors ( ‘cross-scale socioeconomic vulnerability’) or all four groups (‘cross-scale integrated vulnerability’). The pertinent literature contains two vulnerability definitions that combine three groups of factors. In the absence of a simpler qualifier that is both handy and clear, these are denoted as ‘cross-scale socioeconomic vulnerability cum sensitivity’ and ‘internal integrated vulnerability cum exposure’. This terminology allows to consistently characterize any vulnerability concept.

The ‘response capacity’ of a community to climate change, for instance, comprises its

Fig A.1.2: illustrates the integration of all four aspect of vulnerability

Source: Modified from IPCC, 2007

External stressors

Risks faced How much thestressors affect the

system

Existence ofadaptive measures

Capacity of socialorganisations to

implement

How much a system isstressed

Climactic & nonclimactic stessors

Exposure Sensitivity

Potentialimpact

Adaptivecapacity

Vulnerability

Internal to community

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‘coping capacity’ (i.e., its ability to cope with short-term weather variations) as well as its ‘adaptive capacity’ (i.e., its ability to adapt to longtermclimate change), which may be determined by different factors. the terms ‘current’, ‘future’, and ‘long-term’ for this purpose, depending on whether the vulnerability concept refers to the present, to the future, or to the present and the future, respectively. Hence, ‘coping capacity’ refers to ‘current internal socioeconomic vulnerability factors’, and ‘adaptive capacity’ refers to ‘long-term internal socioeconomic vulnerability factors’.

However, responses to climate change must also be mainstreamed into initiatives focused on the achievement of human development goals, IBSAP, GBP Strategy rather than being considered separately and risking potentially negative outcomes for one or other dimensions (Perch et al., 2010; Ensor, 2011; Eriksen et al., 2011; Ranger and Garbett-Shiels, 2011). These

tasks are substantial given that the existing challenge of alleviating poverty through enhanced income, health, food security, gender equality, self-determination, biodiversity and ecosystem services, as enshrined by the Millennium Development Goals, is in itself formidable (United Nations, 2012). For Babel Province, RAN-GRK, RAN API, IBSAP, RAD MDG’s, RAD GRK as part of the main policy of Indonesia’s Government to anticipate CC, therefor in order to achieve co-benefits strategy into the development process of CC strategy. Hence there is a need to develop policy processes which can identify interventions that achieve cobenefits for economic growth with more environmentally friendly, gender mainstreaming, climate adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation but avoid mal-adaptation (Perch, 2011; Smith and Vivekananda, 2011) (Fig. 1), and are therefore ‘no regrets’ because they yield benefits under any future conditions of change (Hallegatte, 2009).

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‘coping capacity’ (i.e., its ability to cope with short-term weather variations) as well as its ‘adaptive capacity’ (i.e., its ability to adapt to longtermclimate change), which may be determined by different factors. the terms ‘current’, ‘future’, and ‘long-term’ for this purpose, depending on whether the vulnerability concept refers to the present, to the future, or to the present and the future, respectively. Hence, ‘coping capacity’ refers to ‘current internal socioeconomic vulnerability factors’, and ‘adaptive capacity’ refers to ‘long-term internal socioeconomic vulnerability factors’.

However, responses to climate change must also be mainstreamed into initiatives focused on the achievement of human development goals, IBSAP, GBP Strategy rather than being considered separately and risking potentially negative outcomes for one or other dimensions (Perch et al., 2010; Ensor, 2011; Eriksen et al., 2011; Ranger and Garbett-Shiels, 2011). These

tasks are substantial given that the existing challenge of alleviating poverty through enhanced income, health, food security, gender equality, self-determination, biodiversity and ecosystem services, as enshrined by the Millennium Development Goals, is in itself formidable (United Nations, 2012). For Babel Province, RAN-GRK, RAN API, IBSAP, RAD MDG’s, RAD GRK as part of the main policy of Indonesia’s Government to anticipate CC, therefor in order to achieve co-benefits strategy into the development process of CC strategy. Hence there is a need to develop policy processes which can identify interventions that achieve cobenefits for economic growth with more environmentally friendly, gender mainstreaming, climate adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation but avoid mal-adaptation (Perch, 2011; Smith and Vivekananda, 2011) (Fig. 1), and are therefore ‘no regrets’ because they yield benefits under any future conditions of change (Hallegatte, 2009).

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98


Fig: A.1.3 To redress the adaptation should aim to achieve co-benefits for poverty alleviation, climate adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation (A),

while avoiding those that are mal-adaptive (B), increase greenhouse gas emissions (C), or both (D).

Negative

Negative

Neutral

Neutral

PositivePositive

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Poverty alleviation benefits:income, health, food security, gender,

self-determination, biodiversity and ecosystem services

Climate

adaptat

ion

benefits

Greenhouse gas mitigation

benefits

D

C

B

A

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ANNEX 2: RAN-API TRAINS OF THOUGHT

1. Food Security

Decreasing food production loss due to extreme weather events and climateDevelopment of new growth areas of food production in areas with a low climate risk and minimum environmental impact (low emission)Development of food security of farmers and communities (micro) with a pattern of healthy and nutritious and balanced food, as well as the realization of food diversification to an optimum level

Adjustment and development of farming systems to climate changeDevelopment and application of change

1. Food Production Systems Adjustment

2. Agriculture and Aquaculture Area Expansion.

3. Restoration and Development of Climate Proof Agricultural Infrastructure

4. Food Diversifications Acceleration

5. Innovative and Adaptive Technologies Development

6. Development of Information and Communication Systems (Climate and Technology) Support Program

2. Energy Independence Sub-Sector

The development of hydropower and geothermal energy in areas with a low climate risk and supporting ecosystem conditionsThe development of bio-energy crops (biomass and biofuels) with high productivity and resilience to climatic stressOptimizing the utilization of organic waste for energy production and gasIncreased utilization of renewable energy sources in remote villages

Restoration and conservation of catchment area in the watershed as an energy source of hydroelectric and geothermal power plantsOptimizing the utilization of organic waste and biomass energy sources and the development of biofuels (BBN)

1. Restoration and Conservation of Catchment Area

2. Renewable Energy Usage Expansion

3. Development of Innovative and Adaptive Technology for Biofuel Plant cultivation and Energy Plantation

4. Support Program

3. Public Health Sub-Sector

Identification and control of factors of vulnerability and risk to public healthStrengthening the awareness and utilization of early warning system against outbreaks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases caused by climate changeStrengthening regulation legislation, and institutional capacity at central and local levelsImprovement of science, technology innovation, and community participation

Strengthening and updating of information and health risk vulnerability to climate changeDevelopment policy, of planning, networking, and cooperation among government agencies at the local, local and national levels regarding health risks related to climate changeStrengthening the capacity and early awareness of climate change-related threats to health in the community and government levels.

1. Identification and Control of Vulnerability and Risk Factors Public health caused by Climate Change

2. Awareness System Enhancement and Early Warning System Utilization against Infectious Diseases and Non-Communicable diseases caused by Climate Change Improvement of Regulation, Legislation, and Institutional Capacity

99

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ANNEX 2: RAN-API TRAINS OF THOUGHT

1. Food Security

Decreasing food production loss due to extreme weather events and climateDevelopment of new growth areas of food production in areas with a low climate risk and minimum environmental impact (low emission)Development of food security of farmers and communities (micro) with a pattern of healthy and nutritious and balanced food, as well as the realization of food diversification to an optimum level

Adjustment and development of farming systems to climate changeDevelopment and application of change

1. Food Production Systems Adjustment

2. Agriculture and Aquaculture Area Expansion.

3. Restoration and Development of Climate Proof Agricultural Infrastructure

4. Food Diversifications Acceleration

5. Innovative and Adaptive Technologies Development

6. Development of Information and Communication Systems (Climate and Technology) Support Program

2. Energy Independence Sub-Sector

The development of hydropower and geothermal energy in areas with a low climate risk and supporting ecosystem conditionsThe development of bio-energy crops (biomass and biofuels) with high productivity and resilience to climatic stressOptimizing the utilization of organic waste for energy production and gasIncreased utilization of renewable energy sources in remote villages

Restoration and conservation of catchment area in the watershed as an energy source of hydroelectric and geothermal power plantsOptimizing the utilization of organic waste and biomass energy sources and the development of biofuels (BBN)

1. Restoration and Conservation of Catchment Area

2. Renewable Energy Usage Expansion

3. Development of Innovative and Adaptive Technology for Biofuel Plant cultivation and Energy Plantation

4. Support Program


Identification and control of factors of vulnerability and risk to public healthStrengthening the awareness and utilization of early warning system against outbreaks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases caused by climate changeStrengthening regulation legislation, and institutional capacity at central and local levelsImprovement of science, technology innovation, and community participation

Strengthening and updating of information and health risk vulnerability to climate changeDevelopment policy, of planning, networking, and cooperation among government agencies at the local, local and national levels regarding health risks related to climate changeStrengthening the capacity and early awareness of climate change-related threats to health in the community and government levels.

1. Identification and Control of Vulnerability and Risk Factors Public health caused by Climate Change

2. Awareness System Enhancement and Early Warning System Utilization against Infectious Diseases and Non-Communicable diseases caused by Climate Change Improvement of Regulation, Legislation, and Institutional Capacity

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100



in Central and Local Level against the Risks to Public Health Brought by Climate Change

3. Science Advancement, Technology Innovation, and Public Participation Related to Health Adaptation to Climate Change

4. Coastal and Small Island Sub-Sector

4.2 Coastal and Small Islands Sub-Sector Increasing the capacity of coastal communities and islands; Management and utilization of the environment and ecosystems for adaptation; Implementation of structural and non-structural adaptation actions; Integrating climate change adaptation into coastal zone and small islands management plans; Increased support system for climate change adaptation in coastal areas and small islands;

Stabilizing coastal and small island population to the threat of climate change Improving environmental quality of coastal areas and small islands Implementation of adaptation structure development in coastal areas and small islands Adjustment of layout plan of urban areas against the threat of climate change Development and optimization of research and information systems about climate change in coastal areas and small islands

1. Increasing the Capacity of Coastal and Small Islands Population Concerning Climate Change

2. Management and Utilization of Environment and Ecosystem for Climate Change Adaptation

3. Implementation of Structural and Non-Structural Adaptation Measures for Anticipating the Threat of Climate Change

4. Integration of Adaptation Measures in Coastal and Small Islands Management Plan

5. Enhancing the Support System for Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal Areas and Small Islands

5. Ecosystem Resilience

Decreasing extensive damage to marine and terrestrial natural ecosystems due to climate change. Increasing the quality and quantity of coral reefs and forest cover in the priority watershed areas; • Decreasing endangerment levels of key species due to climate change; Developing ecosystem resilience system;

Securing and Protecting Water Availability from Extreme WeatherAvoiding Ecosystem and Biodiversity Loss Sustainable Water Supply and Conservation of Ecosystems and Biodiversity

1. Restoration/Improvement of Spatial Planning and Land Classification

2. Management and Utilization of Sustainable Productive Region

3. Improving Governance of Conservation Areas and

Essential Ecosystem 4. Degraded Ecosystem

Rehabilitation 5. Ecosystem Threat Reduction 6. Development of Information

and Communication Systems 7. Support Program

Source: RAN-API, Table 4.1.

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ANNEX 3: INSTITUTIONAL CHAPTER TABLES

Table A3.1: Laws and Regulations that Stipulate Regional Development Planning and Financial Management Processes

Table A3.2: Ministerial Regulations Relevant to Climate Change at Sub-national Level

- Law 23/2014 on regional government

- Law 33/2004 on regional finance

- GR 8/2008 on stages, procedures, monitoring & evaluation of regional development plan.

- GR 58/2005 on regional government financial management

- GR 41/2007 on regional organisations.

- GR 7/2008 on deconcentration and assignment tasks

- MoHA Regulation 13/2006 on regional government financial management, as revised with MoHA Regulation 59/2007 and 21/2011.

- MoHA Regulation 54/2010 on regional planning.

Relevant to CC mitigation actions

- Minister of Home Affairs (MoHA) Regulation 27/2014 on 2015 annual regional plan covers emission reduction and inventory as stated in the National Plan.

- MoHA Regulation 23/2013 on 2014 annual regional plan contains inventory of emissions, prevention of deforestation, flood, & forest-fire, emissions test;

- Minister of Public Work (MoPW) Regulation 11/PRT/M/2012 on National Action Plan on 2012-2020 CC mitigation and adaptation;

- Minister of Forestry (MoFor) Regulation 46/2014 on 2015 action plan, covers mitigation actions.

Relevant to CC adaptation actions

- MoHA Regulation 27/2014 on 2015 annual regional plan includes protection and management of coastal area and small islands to encounter climate change impact to follow up result of the World Ocean Conference (WOC) and Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI);

- MoHA Regulation 21/2011 on revision of MoHA Regulation 13/2006 which has included disaster financing scheme;

- MoHA Regulation 30/2010 on guidance of sea resources management; - MoHA Regulation 33/2006 guidance for disaster mitigation;- MoPW Regulation 11/PRT/M/2012 on National Action Plan on 2012-2020 CC

mitigation and adaptation;- Minister of Social (MoS) Regulation 128/2011 on Disaster Standby Village;- Minister of Environment (MoEnv) Regulation 19/2012 on Climate Village Program.

Source: Government of Indonesia


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ANNEX 3: INSTITUTIONAL CHAPTER TABLES

Table A3.1: Laws and Regulations that Stipulate Regional Development Planning and Financial Management Processes

Table A3.2: Ministerial Regulations Relevant to Climate Change at Sub-national Level

- Law 23/2014 on regional government

- Law 33/2004 on regional finance

- GR 8/2008 on stages, procedures, monitoring & evaluation of regional development plan.

- GR 58/2005 on regional government financial management

- GR 41/2007 on regional organisations.

- GR 7/2008 on deconcentration and assignment tasks

- MoHA Regulation 13/2006 on regional government financial management, as revised with MoHA Regulation 59/2007 and 21/2011.

- MoHA Regulation 54/2010 on regional planning.

Relevant to CC mitigation actions

- Minister of Home Affairs (MoHA) Regulation 27/2014 on 2015 annual regional plan covers emission reduction and inventory as stated in the National Plan.

- MoHA Regulation 23/2013 on 2014 annual regional plan contains inventory of emissions, prevention of deforestation, flood, & forest-fire, emissions test;

- Minister of Public Work (MoPW) Regulation 11/PRT/M/2012 on National Action Plan on 2012-2020 CC mitigation and adaptation;

- Minister of Forestry (MoFor) Regulation 46/2014 on 2015 action plan, covers mitigation actions.

Relevant to CC adaptation actions

- MoHA Regulation 27/2014 on 2015 annual regional plan includes protection and management of coastal area and small islands to encounter climate change impact to follow up result of the World Ocean Conference (WOC) and Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI);

- MoHA Regulation 21/2011 on revision of MoHA Regulation 13/2006 which has included disaster financing scheme;

- MoHA Regulation 30/2010 on guidance of sea resources management; - MoHA Regulation 33/2006 guidance for disaster mitigation;- MoPW Regulation 11/PRT/M/2012 on National Action Plan on 2012-2020 CC

mitigation and adaptation;- Minister of Social (MoS) Regulation 128/2011 on Disaster Standby Village;- Minister of Environment (MoEnv) Regulation 19/2012 on Climate Village Program.



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102


Table A3.3: CC Implementing Institutions at National Level

No. CC Implementing InstitutionsIn accordance with

RAN-GRK RAN-API

1. Ministry of Agriculture 4 4

2. Ministry of Public Works and Housing 4 4

3. Ministry of Environment and Forestry 4 4

4. Ministry of Marine and Fishery 4 4

5. National Disaster Agency (BNPB) 4 4

6. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 4 4

7. Ministry of Transportation 4 4

8. Ministry of Industry 4 4

9. Ministry of Health 4 4

10. Ministry of Social - 4

11. Ministry of Information and communication - 4

12. Ministry of Defence - 4

13. Ministry of Research Technology, & Higher Education - 4

14. Ministry of Education and Culture - 4

15. Ministry of Women Empowerment & Children Protection

Source: RAN-GRK and RAN-API

Table A3.4: Provincial Level Institutions to Reduce GHG Emissions (RAD-GRK)

Sectors of GHG emissions reductions Provincial Units Non-state institutions

1.Agriculture • Agriculture, Plantation, & Livestock office

• Forestry office• BAPPEDA• Regional Environmental Agency• Marine & Fishery Office• Food Security Agency• Health Office • Extension Coordinating Agency

(Bakorluh)

• Indonesian Farmer Group of Babel (HKTI Prov Babel)

• Palm oil companies & other plantations companies in Babel

• Babel farmer group• Mining companies that run

CSR program

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2.Forestry • Agriculture, Plantation, & Livestock office Forestry office

• BAPPEDA• Regional Environmental Agency• Public Work Office• Marine & Fishery Office• Food Security Agency• Tourism Office • Regional Secretariat: Legal and

Organization Division; General affairs & facility Division.

• Industry & Trade Office • Watershed Forum • Mangrove Works Group• Education Office • Mining & Energy Office • Team of reclamation & rehabilitation

management (under BLHD)• Regional Police and other law

enforcement officials (attorney & court)

• University/academia/school• Company/licence holder • NGO• Research institution• Youth and religion

organization

3.Energy • BAPPEDA• Public Works Office• Transport office• Forestry office• Mining & Energy office• Agriculture office• Statistics Agency• Industry & Trade office

• National Electricity Company• Pertamina

4.Transportation • BAPPEDA• Public Works Office• Transport office• Environmental Agency• Mining & Energy office• Agriculture office• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

• Mass-transport companies

5.Industry • Bappeda• Public Works Office• Transport office• Environmental Agency• Mining & Energy office• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

• Gapeksindo Babel• SOE PT. Timah & private

companies in Babel• PLN Cab. Bangka Belitung• University of Bangka Belitung

/Academia

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2.Forestry • Agriculture, Plantation, & Livestock office Forestry office

• BAPPEDA• Regional Environmental Agency• Public Work Office• Marine & Fishery Office• Food Security Agency• Tourism Office • Regional Secretariat: Legal and

Organization Division; General affairs & facility Division.

• Industry & Trade Office • Watershed Forum • Mangrove Works Group• Education Office • Mining & Energy Office • Team of reclamation & rehabilitation

management (under BLHD)• Regional Police and other law

enforcement officials (attorney & court)

• University/academia/school• Company/licence holder • NGO• Research institution• Youth and religion

organization

3.Energy • BAPPEDA• Public Works Office• Transport office• Forestry office• Mining & Energy office• Agriculture office• Statistics Agency• Industry & Trade office

• National Electricity Company• Pertamina

4.Transportation • BAPPEDA• Public Works Office• Transport office• Environmental Agency• Mining & Energy office• Agriculture office• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

• Mass-transport companies

5.Industry • Bappeda• Public Works Office• Transport office• Environmental Agency• Mining & Energy office• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

• Gapeksindo Babel• SOE PT. Timah & private

companies in Babel• PLN Cab. Bangka Belitung• University of Bangka Belitung

/Academia

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104



6. Waste • Bappeda• Public Works Office• Environmental Agency• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

• Bappeda• Public Works Office• Environmental Agency• Statistical agency• Industry & Trading office• Marine & Fishery Office

Table A3.5: Sub-national Units for Adaptation Actions

NoRegional Government

Units (SKPD)Type of resilience in which the institutions relevant to involve

1 BAPPEDA Coordinating and supporting

2 Agriculture, Plantation, Livestock office

Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security and energy security); global market resilience; coastal area & small islands resilience.

3 Forestry office Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security and energy security); ecosystem resilience; coastal area & small islands resilience.

4 Environmental Agency (BLHD)

Livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health, settlement, and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

5 Marine & Fishery Office Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security); livelihood resilience (sub-sector of settlements); ecosystem resilience; coastal area & small islands resilience.

6 Food Security Agency (BKP)

Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security).

7 Public Works office Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security and energy security); livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health; settlements; and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

8 Mining & Energy office Economic resilience (sub-sector of energy security); livelihood resilience (sub-sector of settlements and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

9 Industry & Trade office Economic resilience (global market resilience)

10 Transportation office Livelihood resilience (sub-sector of settlements and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

11 Extension Coordinating Agency (Bakorluh)

Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security

12 Tourism and culture office -

Source: RAN-GRK and RAN-API

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13 Education Office Livelihood resilience; coastal area & small islands resilience.

14 Local Disaster Agency Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security); disaster resilience, livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health; settlements; and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

15 Health office livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health; and settlements)

16 Agency of Demographic and Family Planning Women Empowerment and Children Protection (BKKBD PPPA)

Ecosystem resilience

17 Social, Employment, & Transmigration Office

Livelihood resilience (sub-sector of settlements); coastal area & small islands resilience.

Source: derived from RAN-API.

Source: CPEIR team.

Table A3.6: List of Non-state Actors Potentially Involved with the RAD-GRK.

Sectors

Agriculture Forestry Energy Transportation Industry Waste

Indonesian Farmer Group of Babel (HKTI Prov Babel)Palm oil companies & other plantations companies in Babel Babel stock farmer groupMining companies that run CSR program

University/academia/ schoolCompany/license holder NGOResearch institutionYouth and religion organization

National Electricity Company, Pertamina

Mass-transport companies

Gapeksindo BabelPT. Timah (SOE)Private companies in BabelPLN Cab. Bangka BelitungUBB/academia

Women organization & Family Welfare Group (PKK)Youth Organization Environmental NGO

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13 Education Office Livelihood resilience; coastal area & small islands resilience.

14 Local Disaster Agency Economic resilience (sub-sector of food security); disaster resilience, livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health; settlements; and infrastructure); coastal area & small islands resilience.

15 Health office livelihood resilience (sub-sector of health; and settlements)

16 Agency of Demographic and Family Planning Women Empowerment and Children Protection (BKKBD PPPA)

Ecosystem resilience

17 Social, Employment, & Transmigration Office

Livelihood resilience (sub-sector of settlements); coastal area & small islands resilience.

Source: derived from RAN-API.

Source: CPEIR team.

Table A3.6: List of Non-state Actors Potentially Involved with the RAD-GRK.

Sectors

Agriculture Forestry Energy Transportation Industry Waste

Indonesian Farmer Group of Babel (HKTI Prov Babel)Palm oil companies & other plantations companies in Babel Babel stock farmer groupMining companies that run CSR program

University/academia/ schoolCompany/license holder NGOResearch institutionYouth and religion organization

National Electricity Company, Pertamina

Mass-transport companies

Gapeksindo BabelPT. Timah (SOE)Private companies in BabelPLN Cab. Bangka BelitungUBB/academia

Women organization & Family Welfare Group (PKK)Youth Organization Environmental NGO

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106


Regulations Relevance to the RAN-API

ProvR 52/2011 on Action Plan for Acceleration of MDGs target achievement

- Livelihood resilience- Ecosystem resilience

ProvR 6/2012 on 2012-2017 Babel Medium Term Development Plan - Livelihood resilience- Ecosystem resilience- Economic resilience- Specific region resilience

ProvR 2/2014 on Babel Spatial Plan - Livelihood resilience- Ecosystem resilience- Economic resilience

ProvR 4/2014 on regional disaster management - Livelihood resilience

GubR 35/2009 on eliminating malaria disease in the Babel province - Livelihood resilience

GubR 29/2012 on Regional Action Plan of Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) and GovR 28/2012 on guidance of PUG

- Livelihood resilience

GubR 18/2012 on application and plan of Social Minimum Service Standard

- Livelihood resilience

GubR17/2012 on health insurance - Livelihood resilience

GubR 57/2013 and GovR 36/2014 on general guideline of SATAM EMAS (one billion rupiahs for one sub-district) program

- Economic resilience

GubR 40/2014 on formation of Tourism promotion agency - Economic resilience

GubR 52/2014 on Food Reserves - Livelihood resilience

GubR 56/2014 on Forestry Plan 2014-2034 - Livelihood resilience- Ecosystem resilience

GubR 7/2014 on mining management - Ecosystem resilience- Economic resilience

Source: Provincial Government.

Table A3.7: Provincial Regulations Relevant to the RAN-API

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Annex


Table A3.8: Provincial Units Responsible for Mitigation Reporting to Bappeda

Sector Provincial Units Description

Agriculture Agriculture, Plantation, Livestock Office

Not clearly stated , but the only entities responsible as stated in Chapter 4

Forestry Forestry Office Clearly stated to report

Energy Mining & Energy Office Not clearly stated , but the only entity to responsible as stated in Chapter 4

Transportation Transportation Office Not clearly stated , not the only entity to responsible.

Industry Industry & Trade Office Not clearly stated , but the only entity to be in charge as stated in Chapter 4

Waste Local Environmental Agency Not clearly stated , not the only entity to responsible.

Fig A3.1 Government Functions

Source: Law 23/2014 on Sub-national Government Functions.

Source: RAD-GRK

AbsouluteFunctions (6)

ConcurrentFunctions

General Functions (President authority)

Mandatory Functions(the central, province, &

district/city)

Non-BasicServices (18)

Basic Services(6)

(only divided between central and province)

(divided to central, province, & distric/city)

Tourism, agriculture, trade, industrial, transmigration.

Education; health, public works & spatial planning, housing & residential areas;, peace, public order, & community protention;

Labor, women empowerment & children protection; food; land; environment; administration of population & civil registration; community & village empowerment; population control & family planning; transportation; communication & information; cooperatives, small & medium enterprises; investment; youth & sport; statistics; coding; culture; library; archives.

Marine and fisheries, forestry, energy & mineral resources.

Foreign affairs, defense, security, justice, national monetary and fiscal, religion

Govt Functions

Elective Functions(Economic Sector) (8)

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Annex


Table A3.8: Provincial Units Responsible for Mitigation Reporting to Bappeda

Sector Provincial Units Description

Agriculture Agriculture, Plantation, Livestock Office

Not clearly stated , but the only entities responsible as stated in Chapter 4

Forestry Forestry Office Clearly stated to report

Energy Mining & Energy Office Not clearly stated , but the only entity to responsible as stated in Chapter 4

Transportation Transportation Office Not clearly stated , not the only entity to responsible.

Industry Industry & Trade Office Not clearly stated , but the only entity to be in charge as stated in Chapter 4

Waste Local Environmental Agency Not clearly stated , not the only entity to responsible.

Fig A3.1 Government Functions

Source: Law 23/2014 on Sub-national Government Functions.

Source: RAD-GRK

AbsouluteFunctions (6)

ConcurrentFunctions

General Functions (President authority)

Mandatory Functions(the central, province, &

district/city)

Non-BasicServices (18)

Basic Services(6)

(only divided between central and province)

(divided to central, province, & distric/city)

Tourism, agriculture, trade, industrial, transmigration.

Education; health, public works & spatial planning, housing & residential areas;, peace, public order, & community protention;

Labor, women empowerment & children protection; food; land; environment; administration of population & civil registration; community & village empowerment; population control & family planning; transportation; communication & information; cooperatives, small & medium enterprises; investment; youth & sport; statistics; coding; culture; library; archives.

Marine and fisheries, forestry, energy & mineral resources.

Foreign affairs, defense, security, justice, national monetary and fiscal, religion

Govt Functions

Elective Functions(Economic Sector) (8)

Annex

108


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lner

abili

ty

109

Annex


b. E

ngag

ing

sta

keho

lder

Que

stio

n:D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

y an

d re

gul

ator

y fr

amew

ork

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e (m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n) t

hat

ensu

re m

ulti-

stak

ehol

der

par

ticip

atio

n?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

dev

elop

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ory

fram

ewor

k on

clim

ate-

resi

lienc

e, d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

n, a

nd v

ulne

rab

ility

tha

t en

sure

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er p

artic

ipat

ion?

Ind

icat

ors

Exis

tenc

e an

d e

ffect

iven

ess

of d

ialo

gue

am

ong

inst

itutio

ns t

o d

iscu

ss fo

rmul

atio

n an

d

imp

lem

enta

tion

of t

he m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n re

late

d p

olic

ies

Loca

l pla

nnin

g p

roce

ss a

re p

artic

ipat

ory

Qua

lity

and

freq

uenc

y of

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

actio

ns d

ialo

gue

bet

wee

n st

akeh

old

ers

Wom

en a

nd o

ther

mar

gin

aliz

ed g

roup

s th

at a

re v

ulne

rab

le t

o cl

imat

e ch

ang

e ha

ve

a vo

ice

in t

he lo

cal p

lann

ing

pro

cess

Cla

rity

of m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n p

olic

y fr

amew

ork

from

/to

stak

ehol

der

sC

larit

y of

pol

icy

fram

ewor

ks o

f clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

n an

d it

s st

akeh

old

er e

ngag

emen

t

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o tr

ansl

ate

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ory

fram

ewor

ks o

n C

C m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n in

to a

lloca

tions

in t

he

bud

get

and

imp

lem

ent

them

?

Ind

icat

ors

Alig

nmen

t of

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ion

with

bud

get

and

pro

gra

ms

109

Annex


b. E

ngag

ing

sta

keho

lder

Que

stio

n:D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

y an

d re

gul

ator

y fr

amew

ork

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e (m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n) t

hat

ensu

re m

ulti-

stak

ehol

der

par

ticip

atio

n?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

dev

elop

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ory

fram

ewor

k on

clim

ate-

resi

lienc

e, d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

n, a

nd v

ulne

rab

ility

tha

t en

sure

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er p

artic

ipat

ion?

Ind

icat

ors

Exis

tenc

e an

d e

ffect

iven

ess

of d

ialo

gue

am

ong

inst

itutio

ns t

o d

iscu

ss fo

rmul

atio

n an

d

imp

lem

enta

tion

of t

he m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n re

late

d p

olic

ies

Loca

l pla

nnin

g p

roce

ss a

re p

artic

ipat

ory

Qua

lity

and

freq

uenc

y of

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

actio

ns d

ialo

gue

bet

wee

n st

akeh

old

ers

Wom

en a

nd o

ther

mar

gin

aliz

ed g

roup

s th

at a

re v

ulne

rab

le t

o cl

imat

e ch

ang

e ha

ve

a vo

ice

in t

he lo

cal p

lann

ing

pro

cess

Cla

rity

of m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n p

olic

y fr

amew

ork

from

/to

stak

ehol

der

sC

larit

y of

pol

icy

fram

ewor

ks o

f clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

n an

d it

s st

akeh

old

er e

ngag

emen

t

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o tr

ansl

ate

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ory

fram

ewor

ks o

n C

C m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n in

to a

lloca

tions

in t

he

bud

get

and

imp

lem

ent

them

?

Ind

icat

ors

Alig

nmen

t of

pol

icy

and

reg

ulat

ion

with

bud

get

and

pro

gra

ms

Annex

110


1.2

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d A

war

enes

s

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s re

fer

to t

he c

reat

ion

and

ab

sorp

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d e

xper

tise

tow

ard

s ef

fect

ive

of d

evel

opm

ent

of m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

ns. W

hat

peo

ple

kno

w a

nd a

re a

war

e of

und

erp

ins

thei

r ca

pac

ities

and

hen

ce

cap

acity

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns d

evel

opm

ent.

Gen

eral

Clim

ate

vuln

erab

ility

-sp

ecifi

c

Clim

ate-

resi

lient

liv

elih

oo

ds

Dis

aste

r R

isk

Red

ucti

on

Ad

dre

ssin

g u

nder

lyin

g

caus

es o

f vu

lner

abili

ty

Func

tio

nal c

apac

itie

s:

a. F

orm

ulat

e P

olic

ies

and

Str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

n-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

to a

chie

ve t

heir

visi

on

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

, inc

lud

ing

for

clim

ate

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

onito

r, an

alyz

e an

d d

isse

min

ate

info

rmat

ion

on c

urre

nt a

nd

futu

re c

limat

e ris

ks

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o un

der

stan

d c

limat

e ris

ks a

nd p

rom

ote

adap

tato

in s

trat

egie

s

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o re

spon

d t

o d

isas

ters

? -

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

dev

elop

st

rate

gy

for

hous

ehol

ds

to h

ave

secu

re s

helte

r in

clim

ate/

dis

aste

r-vu

lner

able

are

a?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op s

trat

egie

s fo

r ho

useh

old

s to

hav

e p

rote

cted

rese

rves

of

food

and

ag

ricul

tura

l in

put

s?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op e

arly

war

ning

sy

stem

for

clim

ate

haza

rd?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

obili

ze p

eop

le t

o es

cap

e d

ang

er in

th

e ev

ent

of c

limat

e ha

zard

s?-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

pro

vid

e so

cial

and

ec

onom

ic s

afet

y ne

ts

pro

gra

m t

o vu

lner

able

ho

useh

old

s?

111

Annex


1.2

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d A

war

enes

s

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s re

fer

to t

he c

reat

ion

and

ab

sorp

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d e

xper

tise

tow

ard

s ef

fect

ive

of d

evel

opm

ent

of m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

ns. W

hat

peo

ple

kno

w a

nd a

re a

war

e of

und

erp

ins

thei

r ca

pac

ities

and

hen

ce

cap

acity

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns d

evel

opm

ent.

Gen

eral

Clim

ate

vuln

erab

ility

-sp

ecifi

c

Clim

ate-

resi

lient

liv

elih

oo

ds

Dis

aste

r R

isk

Red

ucti

on

Ad

dre

ssin

g u

nder

lyin

g

caus

es o

f vu

lner

abili

ty

Func

tio

nal c

apac

itie

s:

a. F

orm

ulat

e P

olic

ies

and

Str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

n-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

to a

chie

ve t

heir

visi

on

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

, inc

lud

ing

for

clim

ate

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

onito

r, an

alyz

e an

d d

isse

min

ate

info

rmat

ion

on c

urre

nt a

nd

futu

re c

limat

e ris

ks

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o un

der

stan

d c

limat

e ris

ks a

nd p

rom

ote

adap

tato

in s

trat

egie

s

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o re

spon

d t

o d

isas

ters

? -

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

dev

elop

st

rate

gy

for

hous

ehol

ds

to h

ave

secu

re s

helte

r in

clim

ate/

dis

aste

r-vu

lner

able

are

a?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op s

trat

egie

s fo

r ho

useh

old

s to

hav

e p

rote

cted

rese

rves

of

food

and

ag

ricul

tura

l in

put

s?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op e

arly

war

ning

sy

stem

for

clim

ate

haza

rd?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

obili

ze p

eop

le t

o es

cap

e d

ang

er in

th

e ev

ent

of c

limat

e ha

zard

s?-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

pro

vid

e so

cial

and

ec

onom

ic s

afet

y ne

ts

pro

gra

m t

o vu

lner

able

ho

useh

old

s?

b. E

ngag

e St

akeh

old

ers

Que

stio

n D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o en

gag

e st

akeh

old

er t

hrou

gho

ut t

he p

roce

ss o

f dev

elop

ing

cl

imat

e (m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n) p

olic

ies

and

tr

aini

ng t

o p

rom

ote

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

eng

age

with

an

d d

evel

op p

eop

le's

kn

owle

dg

e an

d s

kills

to

dev

elop

ad

equa

te

adap

tatio

n st

rate

gie

s?

Do

auth

oriti

es e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

er in

dis

aste

r ris

k m

anag

emen

t?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

eng

age

peo

ple

to

have

acc

ess

to s

easo

nal f

orec

asts

an

d o

ther

clim

ate

info

rmat

ion?

Ind

icat

ors

Exis

tenc

e of

a p

latf

orm

for

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er

eng

agem

ent

on c

limat

e p

olic

ies

for

pro

mot

ing

aw

aren

ess,

tra

inin

g a

nd le

arni

ng.

Exis

tenc

e of

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er e

ngag

emen

t on

resp

ectiv

e cl

imat

e vu

lner

abili

ty-

spec

ific

issu

es

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

obili

ze a

nd

man

age

the

nece

ssar

y re

sour

ces

to t

rans

late

th

eir

know

led

ge

into

CC

miti

gat

ion

pol

icie

s an

d

stra

teg

ies?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

p

lan

and

imp

lem

ent

CC

ad

apta

tion

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

pla

n an

d im

ple

men

t d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

ns

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

pla

n an

d im

ple

men

t vu

lner

abili

ty-s

pec

ific

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

man

age

the

bud

get

rela

ted

with

CC

and

coo

rdin

ate

don

or

cont

ribut

ions

?

Ind

icat

ors

Exte

nt t

o w

hich

pol

icie

s an

d p

rog

ram

s m

eet

targ

ets

with

in t

he t

imef

ram

e

Ava

ilab

ility

and

siz

e of

the

bud

get

env

elop

e fo

r cl

imat

e ch

ang

e p

rog

ram

s

Exis

tenc

e of

a d

edic

ated

uni

t fo

r b

udg

etar

y m

anag

emen

t an

d o

vers

ight

111

Annex


1.2

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d A

war

enes

s

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s re

fer

to t

he c

reat

ion

and

ab

sorp

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d e

xper

tise

tow

ard

s ef

fect

ive

of d

evel

opm

ent

of m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

ns. W

hat

peo

ple

kno

w a

nd a

re a

war

e of

und

erp

ins

thei

r ca

pac

ities

and

hen

ce

cap

acity

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns d

evel

opm

ent.

Gen

eral

Clim

ate

vuln

erab

ility

-sp

ecifi

c

Clim

ate-

resi

lient

liv

elih

oo

ds

Dis

aste

r R

isk

Red

ucti

on

Ad

dre

ssin

g u

nder

lyin

g

caus

es o

f vu

lner

abili

ty

Func

tio

nal c

apac

itie

s:

a. F

orm

ulat

e P

olic

ies

and

Str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

n-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

to a

chie

ve t

heir

visi

on

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

, inc

lud

ing

for

clim

ate

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

onito

r, an

alyz

e an

d d

isse

min

ate

info

rmat

ion

on c

urre

nt a

nd

futu

re c

limat

e ris

ks

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o un

der

stan

d c

limat

e ris

ks a

nd p

rom

ote

adap

tato

in s

trat

egie

s

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o re

spon

d t

o d

isas

ters

? -

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

dev

elop

st

rate

gy

for

hous

ehol

ds

to h

ave

secu

re s

helte

r in

clim

ate/

dis

aste

r-vu

lner

able

are

a?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op s

trat

egie

s fo

r ho

useh

old

s to

hav

e p

rote

cted

rese

rves

of

food

and

ag

ricul

tura

l in

put

s?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op e

arly

war

ning

sy

stem

for

clim

ate

haza

rd?

- D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

obili

ze p

eop

le t

o es

cap

e d

ang

er in

th

e ev

ent

of c

limat

e ha

zard

s?-

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

pro

vid

e so

cial

and

ec

onom

ic s

afet

y ne

ts

pro

gra

m t

o vu

lner

able

ho

useh

old

s?

b. E

ngag

e St

akeh

old

ers

Que

stio

n D

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o en

gag

e st

akeh

old

er t

hrou

gho

ut t

he p

roce

ss o

f dev

elop

ing

cl

imat

e (m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n) p

olic

ies

and

tr

aini

ng t

o p

rom

ote

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

eng

age

with

an

d d

evel

op p

eop

le's

kn

owle

dg

e an

d s

kills

to

dev

elop

ad

equa

te

adap

tatio

n st

rate

gie

s?

Do

auth

oriti

es e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

er in

dis

aste

r ris

k m

anag

emen

t?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

eng

age

peo

ple

to

have

acc

ess

to s

easo

nal f

orec

asts

an

d o

ther

clim

ate

info

rmat

ion?

Ind

icat

ors

Exis

tenc

e of

a p

latf

orm

for

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er

eng

agem

ent

on c

limat

e p

olic

ies

for

pro

mot

ing

aw

aren

ess,

tra

inin

g a

nd le

arni

ng.

Exis

tenc

e of

mul

ti-st

akeh

old

er e

ngag

emen

t on

resp

ectiv

e cl

imat

e vu

lner

abili

ty-

spec

ific

issu

es

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

o au

thor

ities

hav

e th

e ca

pac

ity t

o m

obili

ze a

nd

man

age

the

nece

ssar

y re

sour

ces

to t

rans

late

th

eir

know

led

ge

into

CC

miti

gat

ion

pol

icie

s an

d

stra

teg

ies?

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

p

lan

and

imp

lem

ent

CC

ad

apta

tion

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

pla

n an

d im

ple

men

t d

isas

ter

risk

red

uctio

ns

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

cap

acity

and

reso

urce

s to

pla

n an

d im

ple

men

t vu

lner

abili

ty-s

pec

ific

activ

ities

Do

auth

oriti

es h

ave

the

cap

acity

to

man

age

the

bud

get

rela

ted

with

CC

and

coo

rdin

ate

don

or

cont

ribut

ions

?

Ind

icat

ors

Exte

nt t

o w

hich

pol

icie

s an

d p

rog

ram

s m

eet

targ

ets

with

in t

he t

imef

ram

e

Ava

ilab

ility

and

siz

e of

the

bud

get

env

elop

e fo

r cl

imat

e ch

ang

e p

rog

ram

s

Exis

tenc

e of

a d

edic

ated

uni

t fo

r b

udg

etar

y m

anag

emen

t an

d o

vers

ight

Annex

112


2.0

Org

aniz

atio

nal L

evel

At

org

aniz

atio

nal l

evel

, gen

der

resp

onsi

ve, p

over

ty s

ensi

tive

clim

ate

chan

ge

link

to s

ever

al p

rovi

ncia

l ag

enci

es a

nd o

ffice

s, n

amel

y: 1

) Reg

iona

l Pl

anni

ng A

gen

cy (B

APP

EDA

); 2)

Reg

iona

l Env

ironm

ent

Ag

ency

(BLD

H);

3) F

ores

try

Offi

ce; 4

) Min

ing

and

Ene

rgy

Offi

ce; 5

) Ag

ricul

ture

, Pla

ntat

ion,

Li

vest

ock

Offi

ce; 6

) Mar

ine

and

Fis

hery

Offi

ce; 7

) Hea

lth O

ffice

; 8) P

ublic

Wor

k O

ffice

; 8) I

ndus

try

and

Tra

de

Offi

ce; 9

) Tra

nsp

orta

tion

Offi

ce 1

0)

Reg

iona

l Dis

aste

r A

gen

cy (B

PBD

).

2.1

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

ts

Inst

itutio

nal a

rran

gem

ents

refe

r to

the

pol

icie

s, re

gul

ory

fram

ewor

k, p

roce

dur

es a

nd m

echa

nism

tha

t th

e p

rovi

nce

has

in p

lace

to

leg

isla

te, p

lan,

m

anag

e an

d im

ple

men

t of

gen

der

eq

uity

, pov

erty

red

uctio

n cl

imat

e m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n ac

tions

.

Func

tio

nal c

apac

itie

s

a. A

sses

s a

situ

atio

n an

d d

efine

man

dat

e

Que

stio

n:D

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o fr

ame,

man

age,

and

inte

rpre

t a

com

pre

hens

ive

anal

ysis

of t

he p

olic

y on

clli

mat

e ch

ang

e an

d

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n?

Ind

icat

ors

Qua

lity

of a

naly

sis

of e

nviro

nmen

t in

fluen

ces

and

the

ir re

lativ

e d

egre

e of

imp

act

on t

he o

rgan

izat

ion

Exis

tenc

e of

cle

ar ‘r

ules

of t

he g

ame’

tha

t es

tab

lish

leg

itim

ate

pol

icy

pro

cess

es o

f miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

b. F

orm

ulat

e P

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

ies

and

mec

hani

sm o

n m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n an

d re

late

d t

o g

end

er e

qui

ty

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n th

at p

rovi

de

a co

nsis

tent

refe

renc

e fo

r op

erat

ions

?

Ind

icat

ors

Exis

tenc

e of

str

ateg

ic g

uid

elin

es a

nd m

echa

nism

on

miti

gat

ion,

ad

apta

tion,

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n

c. E

ngag

e St

akeh

old

ers

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

ies

and

mec

hani

sm o

n cl

imat

e ch

ang

e th

at e

nsur

e m

ulti-

stak

ehol

der

p

artic

ipat

ion?

Ind

icat

orEx

iste

nce

of d

ialo

gue

mec

hani

sm b

etw

een

the

org

aniz

atio

n an

d re

leva

nt s

take

hold

ers

to d

iscu

ss fo

rmul

atio

n an

d im

ple

men

tatio

n of

cl

imat

e ac

tions

, gen

der

mai

nstr

eam

ing

, and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n

Cla

rity

of t

he o

rgan

izat

ion’

s p

olic

y to

sta

keho

lder

s of

sta

te a

nd n

on-s

tate

113

Annex


d. B

udg

et, M

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

ies

and

mec

hani

sm t

o in

teg

rate

clim

ate

chan

ge,

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

re

duc

tion

in b

udg

etin

g p

roce

ss a

nd im

ple

men

tatio

n?

Ind

icat

ors

Exte

nt t

o w

hich

clim

ate

chan

ge,

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n ac

tions

are

allo

cate

d in

bud

get

2.2

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s re

fer

to t

he c

reat

ion

and

ab

sorb

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d e

xper

tise

tow

ard

s ef

fect

ive

of d

evel

opm

ent

of m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

ns. W

hat

peo

ple

kno

w a

nd a

war

e un

der

pin

s th

eir

cap

aciti

es a

nd h

ence

cap

acity

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns d

evel

opm

ent.

Func

tio

nal C

apac

itie

s

a. F

orm

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o fo

rmul

ate

stra

teg

ies

for

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e an

d q

ualit

y of

dev

elop

men

t st

rate

gy

for

clim

ate

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

b. E

ngag

e St

akeh

old

ers

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o en

gag

e st

akeh

old

ers

for

know

led

ge

gen

erat

ion

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e th

roug

h ed

ucat

ion,

tr

aini

ng, a

nd le

arni

ng?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e an

d q

ualit

y of

a s

pac

e to

dis

cuss

the

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o m

anag

e th

e re

sour

ces

need

ed t

o im

ple

men

t th

eir

know

led

ge

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e of

bud

get

and

ext

ent

to w

hich

the

kno

wle

dg

e of

clim

ate

chan

ge

is b

eing

imp

lem

ente

d

113

Annex


d. B

udg

et, M

anag

e an

d Im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o d

evel

op p

olic

ies

and

mec

hani

sm t

o in

teg

rate

clim

ate

chan

ge,

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

re

duc

tion

in b

udg

etin

g p

roce

ss a

nd im

ple

men

tatio

n?

Ind

icat

ors

Exte

nt t

o w

hich

clim

ate

chan

ge,

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

n ac

tions

are

allo

cate

d in

bud

get

2.2

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s

Kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s re

fer

to t

he c

reat

ion

and

ab

sorb

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d e

xper

tise

tow

ard

s ef

fect

ive

of d

evel

opm

ent

of m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

rela

ted

to

gen

der

eq

uity

and

pov

erty

red

uctio

ns. W

hat

peo

ple

kno

w a

nd a

war

e un

der

pin

s th

eir

cap

aciti

es a

nd h

ence

cap

acity

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns d

evel

opm

ent.

Func

tio

nal C

apac

itie

s

a. F

orm

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o fo

rmul

ate

stra

teg

ies

for

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

gen

erat

ion

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e an

d q

ualit

y of

dev

elop

men

t st

rate

gy

for

clim

ate

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

b. E

ngag

e St

akeh

old

ers

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o en

gag

e st

akeh

old

ers

for

know

led

ge

gen

erat

ion

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e th

roug

h ed

ucat

ion,

tr

aini

ng, a

nd le

arni

ng?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e an

d q

ualit

y of

a s

pac

e to

dis

cuss

the

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge

actio

ns

c. B

udg

et, m

anag

e an

d im

ple

men

t

Que

stio

nD

oes

the

org

aniz

atio

n ha

ve t

he c

apac

ity t

o m

anag

e th

e re

sour

ces

need

ed t

o im

ple

men

t th

eir

know

led

ge

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e?

Ind

icat

or

Exis

tenc

e of

bud

get

and

ext

ent

to w

hich

the

kno

wle

dg

e of

clim

ate

chan

ge

is b

eing

imp

lem

ente

d

Annex

114


Tab

le A

4.2:

Res

ult

of t

he C

C C

apac

ity

Ass

essm

ent

at E

nab

ling

Env

iron

men

t Le

vel i

n B

abel

Func

tio

nal

Cap

acit

y

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

st

rate

gie

s

2.5

In o

rder

to

com

ply

with

the

PR

61/2

011

on t

he

RAN

GRK

, the

pro

vinc

e ha

s is

sued

RA

D G

RK

cont

ains

qua

lity

of a

naly

sis

to re

duc

ing

the

G

HG

em

issi

ons

bas

ed o

n B

AU

and

pro

ject

ed

calc

ulat

ion

of e

mis

sion

s.

Ther

e is

no

CC

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

y d

ue t

o lim

ited

gui

dan

ce a

nd la

ck o

f kno

wle

dg

e of

vu

lner

abili

ty e

xpos

ure

of C

C in

Bab

el. H

owev

er,

som

e re

gio

nal r

egul

atio

ns c

ould

be

star

ting

p

oint

s to

est

ablis

h ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

y in

the

fu

ture

.N

o ex

iste

nce

of a

naly

sis

of c

limat

e-re

silie

nt

anal

ysis

. N

o ex

iste

nce

of a

naly

sis

of c

limat

e-vu

lner

abili

ty.

The

loca

l aut

horit

ies

have

acc

ess

to d

isas

ter

risk

info

rmat

ion

from

the

Nat

iona

l Dis

aste

r A

gen

cy.

Issu

ance

of n

ewly

Pro

vinc

ial R

egul

atio

n 4/

2014

on

reg

iona

l dis

aste

r m

anag

emen

t sh

ows

the

cap

acity

to

form

ulat

e st

rate

gy

to re

duc

e d

isas

ter

risk.

Som

e q

ualit

y an

d fr

eque

ncy

activ

ities

tak

en

to re

spon

d d

isas

ters

, but

non

e ar

e sp

ecifi

c to

CC

.

2Th

e au

thor

ity d

oesn

’t in

clud

e th

e RA

D G

RK in

to t

he m

id-t

erm

d

evel

opm

ent

pla

n (R

PJM

D).

Onl

y a

few

of t

he re

gio

nal u

nits

hav

e kn

owle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s ab

out

the

GH

G e

mis

sion

s re

duc

tions

. O

nly

the

reg

iona

l env

ironm

enta

l ag

ency

has

kno

wle

dg

e on

the

CC

ad

apta

tion.

Th

e lo

w k

now

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

is m

ostly

bec

ause

of f

req

uenc

y of

sta

ff ro

tatio

n, li

mite

d k

now

led

ge

tran

sfer

with

in t

he in

stitu

tion,

an

d la

ck o

f dat

a m

anag

emen

t.

Ther

e is

no

evid

ence

on

dis

sem

inat

ing

info

rmat

ion

on c

limat

e ris

ks.

The

pro

vinc

e d

oesn

’t ha

ve s

yste

m t

o g

ener

ate

the

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s.

An

early

war

ning

sys

tem

for

gen

eral

haz

ard

, inc

lud

ing

clim

ate

haza

rd, i

s sh

own

in t

he fo

rm o

f exi

sten

ce o

f dis

aste

r st

and

by

villa

ges

an

d d

isas

ter

rap

id re

spon

se t

eam

. How

ever

lack

of c

oord

inat

ion

and

b

udg

et m

akes

diffi

culti

es t

o d

istr

ibut

e kn

owle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s to

b

road

er t

arg

ets.

The

re is

a s

trat

egic

pla

n fo

r fo

od s

ecur

ity u

nder

the

re

gio

nal f

ood

sec

urity

ag

ency

.

Eng

age

stak

ehol

der

1.50

As

stat

ed in

the

RA

D G

RK t

hat

the

Gov

erno

r sh

ould

form

a c

oord

inat

ing

tea

m t

o en

gag

e st

akeh

old

ers

in im

ple

men

ting

the

RA

D G

RK,

but

no

furt

her

dec

isio

n is

sued

by

the

head

of

pro

vinc

e. N

one

for

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

. The

re

gio

nal p

lann

ing

pro

cess

has

bee

n p

artic

ipat

ory

thro

ugh

syst

em o

f dev

elop

men

t p

lan

foru

m

(Mus

renb

ang

). W

omen

and

oth

er m

arg

inal

ized

The

pro

vinc

e ha

s en

gag

ed s

take

hold

ers

in e

stab

lishi

ng t

he

RAD

GRK

, but

no

evid

ence

on

initi

atin

g a

dap

tatio

n st

rate

gy.

U

nfor

tuna

tely

, the

re is

no

furt

her

follo

w-u

p o

n im

ple

men

ting

the

RA

D G

RK t

hat

eng

ages

sta

keho

lder

s. T

he p

rovi

nce

was

sup

pos

ed

to fo

rm a

coo

rdin

atin

g t

eam

of v

ario

us s

take

hold

ers,

whi

ch n

o ex

ist

until

now

. The

re is

no

evid

ence

tha

t th

e p

rovi

nce

has

cap

acity

to

eng

age

peo

ple

to

dev

elop

kno

wle

dg

e on

CC

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

y.

Reg

ard

ing

dis

aste

r ris

k m

anag

emen

t th

ere

are

stor

ies

of re

crui

ting

115

Annex


Func

tio

nal

Cap

acit

y

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Eng

age

stak

ehol

der

1.50

gro

ups

have

a v

oice

in lo

cal p

lann

ing

pro

cess

, b

ut le

ss b

eing

acc

omm

odat

ed. N

o p

artic

ular

ci

rcul

ar le

tter

ad

dre

sses

a k

ind

of a

ffirm

ativ

e ac

tion.

The

re’s

not

yet

an in

itiat

ive

for

dev

elop

ing

p

olic

y of

clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d in

volv

ing

st

akeh

old

ers

in it

s p

roce

ss.

volu

ntee

rs a

nd b

uild

ing

the

ir ca

pac

ity p

rovi

ded

by

Soci

al O

ffice

, in

dep

end

ent

org

aniz

atio

ns, a

nd M

inis

try

of S

ocia

l. C

orre

spon

d

to a

cces

s to

sea

sona

l for

ecas

t an

d c

limat

e in

form

atio

n, t

here

is

a fe

w a

necd

otes

tha

t fa

rmer

s an

d fi

sher

men

cou

ld a

cces

s su

ch

info

rmat

ion.

Bud

get

, m

anag

e,

and

im

ple

men

t

2.00

Very

few

bud

get

ed p

rog

ram

s th

at a

re in

line

to

the

RAD

GRK

. Som

e b

udg

eted

pro

gra

ms

can

be

clas

sifie

d t

o ad

apta

tion

actio

ns, h

owev

er

bec

ause

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

y ha

sn’t

bee

n d

raw

n up

, non

e of

the

m is

defi

ned

as

CC

resi

lienc

e.

1.50

Dis

cuss

ions

and

inte

rvie

ws

with

the

reg

iona

l uni

ts s

how

ed t

hat

the

pro

vinc

e ha

s ve

ry lo

w k

now

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e an

d r

isks

cau

sed

by

clim

ate,

hen

ce v

ery

limite

d c

apac

ity t

o m

obili

ze a

nd m

anag

e th

e ne

cess

ary

reso

urce

s fo

r cl

imat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

. Acc

ord

ing

ly, t

here

are

ver

y fe

w p

rog

ram

s th

at m

eet

the

CC

ac

tions

, ver

y sm

all s

ize

of t

he b

udg

et e

nvel

ope

for

clim

ate

chan

ge

pro

gra

ms,

and

no

exis

tenc

e of

a d

edic

ated

uni

t fo

r b

udg

etar

y m

anag

emen

t an

d o

vers

ight

.2.

132.

14

115

Annex


Func

tio

nal

Cap

acit

y

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Ran

k D

escr

ipti

on

Eng

age

stak

ehol

der

1.50

gro

ups

have

a v

oice

in lo

cal p

lann

ing

pro

cess

, b

ut le

ss b

eing

acc

omm

odat

ed. N

o p

artic

ular

ci

rcul

ar le

tter

ad

dre

sses

a k

ind

of a

ffirm

ativ

e ac

tion.

The

re’s

not

yet

an in

itiat

ive

for

dev

elop

ing

p

olic

y of

clim

ate

resi

lienc

e an

d in

volv

ing

st

akeh

old

ers

in it

s p

roce

ss.

volu

ntee

rs a

nd b

uild

ing

the

ir ca

pac

ity p

rovi

ded

by

Soci

al O

ffice

, in

dep

end

ent

org

aniz

atio

ns, a

nd M

inis

try

of S

ocia

l. C

orre

spon

d

to a

cces

s to

sea

sona

l for

ecas

t an

d c

limat

e in

form

atio

n, t

here

is

a fe

w a

necd

otes

tha

t fa

rmer

s an

d fi

sher

men

cou

ld a

cces

s su

ch

info

rmat

ion.

Bud

get

, m

anag

e,

and

im

ple

men

t

2.00

Very

few

bud

get

ed p

rog

ram

s th

at a

re in

line

to

the

RAD

GRK

. Som

e b

udg

eted

pro

gra

ms

can

be

clas

sifie

d t

o ad

apta

tion

actio

ns, h

owev

er

bec

ause

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

y ha

sn’t

bee

n d

raw

n up

, non

e of

the

m is

defi

ned

as

CC

resi

lienc

e.

1.50

Dis

cuss

ions

and

inte

rvie

ws

with

the

reg

iona

l uni

ts s

how

ed t

hat

the

pro

vinc

e ha

s ve

ry lo

w k

now

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

on c

limat

e ch

ang

e an

d r

isks

cau

sed

by

clim

ate,

hen

ce v

ery

limite

d c

apac

ity t

o m

obili

ze a

nd m

anag

e th

e ne

cess

ary

reso

urce

s fo

r cl

imat

e ch

ang

e ac

tions

. Acc

ord

ing

ly, t

here

are

ver

y fe

w p

rog

ram

s th

at m

eet

the

CC

ac

tions

, ver

y sm

all s

ize

of t

he b

udg

et e

nvel

ope

for

clim

ate

chan

ge

pro

gra

ms,

and

no

exis

tenc

e of

a d

edic

ated

uni

t fo

r b

udg

etar

y m

anag

emen

t an

d o

vers

ight

.2.

132.

14

Annex

116


Tab

le A

4.3:

Res

ult

of t

he C

C C

apac

ity

Ass

essm

ent

at O

rgan

izat

iona

l Lev

el in

Bab

el25

Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

BA

PPED

A3.

75Its

func

tions

are

coo

rdin

atin

g, i

nteg

ratin

g

and

syn

chro

nizi

ng d

evel

opm

ent

pla

nnin

g,

incl

udin

g in

corp

orat

e th

e RA

D G

RK a

nd in

itiat

e th

e C

C a

dap

tatio

n st

rate

gy

into

the

pla

nnin

g

pro

cess

. The

re a

re w

ides

pre

ad is

sues

on

the

CC

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n, a

lthou

gh

som

e of

the

m a

re n

ot

clea

rly d

efine

d a

s C

C a

ctio

ns. S

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

ns a

re p

art

of d

evel

opm

ent

pla

nnin

g

pro

cess

at

larg

e.

2.67

Ove

rall

as a

gen

cy w

ho s

houl

d c

oord

inat

e d

evel

opm

ent

pla

nnin

g, t

his

agen

cy s

till h

as li

mite

d k

now

led

ge

on C

C

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

actio

ns. T

he R

AD

GRK

was

es

tab

lishe

d u

nder

its

coor

din

atio

n b

y th

e RA

D G

RK w

orki

ng

gro

up. H

owev

er, n

o fu

rthe

r st

akeh

old

er m

eetin

gs

afte

r its

is

suan

ce a

nd n

o ev

iden

ce o

n an

nual

cal

cula

tions

of t

he G

HG

em

issi

ons

red

uctio

n.

Envi

ronm

enta

l A

gen

cy (B

LHD

)4.

00Th

e B

LHD

’s St

rate

gic

Pla

n cl

early

defi

nes

CC

as

one

of m

ain

ind

icat

ors.

The

re a

re w

ides

pre

ad

activ

ities

on

the

CC

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

actio

ns. S

ome

stak

ehol

der

par

ticip

atio

ns a

re

clea

rly d

efine

d in

som

e C

C re

leva

nt p

rog

ram

s.

4.00

The

agen

cy h

as w

ides

pre

ad k

now

led

ge

on C

C m

itig

atio

n an

d

adap

tatio

n ac

tions

and

pro

vid

es t

echn

ical

ass

ista

nce

on t

he

GH

G e

mis

sion

s to

oth

er in

stitu

tions

and

dis

tric

ts a

nd li

mite

d o

n ad

apta

tion

issu

es.

Fore

stry

Offi

ce3.

00Its

Str

ateg

ic P

lan

has

clea

rly s

tate

d C

C m

itig

atio

n &

ad

apat

atio

n ac

tions

. The

GH

G e

mis

sion

s re

duc

tion

targ

et 1

3% in

202

0 is

sta

ted

as

one

of

ind

icat

ors.

The

RA

D G

RK p

rog

ram

for

the

fore

stry

se

ctor

has

bee

n al

igne

d w

ith t

he S

trat

egic

Pla

n al

thou

gh

som

e of

the

pro

gra

ms

have

diff

eren

t ta

rget

s. T

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n ac

tions

incl

uded

the

st

rate

gic

pla

n, e

.g. c

onse

rvat

ion

pro

gra

ms

and

m

onito

ring

for

pro

tect

ed fo

rest

. Sta

keho

lder

en

gag

emen

t is

par

t of

pro

gra

ms

of fo

rest

co

nser

vatio

n, e

co-t

ouris

m a

nd e

nviro

nmen

tal

serv

ices

.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

25 T

he a

sses

smen

t res

ults

are

take

n fro

m c

ombi

natio

n of

the

resp

ectiv

e in

stitu

tions

’ sel

f-ass

essm

ent a

nd th

e C

PEIR

team

’s as

sess

men

t. Th

e se

lf-as

sess

men

t was

car

ried

out i

n th

e m

ini-w

orks

hop

in th

e Sa

ntik

a H

otel

, Cen

tral

B

angk

a on

May

19-

20, 2

015.

The

CPE

IR te

am’s

asse

ssm

ent i

s ba

sed

mai

nly

on th

e 20

12-2

017

Stra

tegi

c Pl

an (R

enst

ra) o

f res

pect

ive

inst

itutio

ns, p

revi

ous

inte

rvie

ws

durin

g vi

sits

, and

a fe

w m

edia

revi

ews.

The

ass

essm

ent

fram

ewor

k ca

n be

see

n in

ann

ex 5

.1.

117

Annex


Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Min

ing

&

Ener

gy

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. e

x-m

inin

g la

nd

recl

amat

ion

& r

ehab

ilita

tion,

pow

er p

lant

of

sola

r an

d m

icro

hyd

ro. I

ts m

onito

ring

tar

get

is

very

lim

ited

com

par

ed t

o th

e nu

mb

er o

f min

ing

ar

ea e

xist

. The

RA

D G

RK is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o m

echa

nism

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

to

imp

lem

ent

its p

rog

ram

s.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

Ag

ricul

ture

, Pl

anta

tion,

&

Live

stoc

k O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e ar

e so

me

stra

teg

ies

of re

leva

nce

to C

C

actio

ns b

ut n

ot C

C s

pec

ific

and

not

alig

ned

to

the

RA

D G

RK. S

trat

egy

of s

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

n ex

ist

but

it is

n’t

rele

vant

to

CC

.

1.33

It ha

sn’t

bee

n un

der

stoo

d t

hat

CC

phe

nom

enon

affe

ct t

o ag

ricul

ture

. Low

cap

acity

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

s to

gen

erat

e aw

aren

ess

rela

ted

to

clim

ate

asp

ect.

Mar

ine

& F

ishe

ry

Offi

ce2.

75Its

str

ateg

ic p

lan

has

stat

ed t

o us

e p

ro-

sust

aina

bili

ty a

pp

roac

h fo

r re

cove

ry a

nd

pre

serv

atio

n of

the

mar

ine

envi

ronm

ent,

coa

stal

an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, a

nd m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers

are

pla

nned

thr

oug

h p

rog

ram

s lik

e co

asta

l co

mm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

and

sup

por

t to

fis

herm

en, w

hich

mor

e fo

r C

C a

dap

tatio

n.

2.00

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y on

gen

erat

ing

sp

ecifi

c C

C re

late

d

awar

enes

s, a

lthou

gh

ther

e ar

e st

rate

gie

s on

com

mun

ity

emp

ower

men

t in

coa

stal

are

a an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, w

hich

rele

vant

to

CC

. St

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers

doe

sn’t

spec

ifica

lly

stat

e C

C re

late

d, n

onet

hele

ss it

’s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

ns.

Som

e p

rog

ram

s ha

ve a

dd

ress

ed re

silie

nce

of li

velih

ood

and

co

asta

l and

sm

all i

slan

ds,

tho

ugh

not

spec

ific

to C

C.

Hea

lth O

ffice

3.00

Its s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s in

clud

ed t

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n;

alth

oug

h C

C a

dap

tatio

n is

n’t

spec

ifica

lly s

tate

d

in it

s p

rog

ram

s. T

he re

gul

atio

n on

alle

viat

ing

m

alar

ia p

rovi

des

a b

asis

to

red

uce

vuln

erab

ility

, w

hich

is in

line

with

MD

Gs

targ

et t

o ac

hiev

e 0%

m

alar

ia in

202

0. S

take

hold

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

in fo

rmul

atin

g t

he s

trat

egic

pla

n. It

s st

rate

gic

p

lan

have

cov

ered

pro

gra

ms

rele

vant

to

CC

vu

lner

abili

ty s

uch

as a

llevi

atin

g m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue,

dia

rrhe

a; a

nd c

omm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

to

com

bat

the

dis

ease

s.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

on h

ealth

vul

nera

bili

ty

imp

acte

d b

y C

C, i

.e. m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue, a

nd d

iarr

hea

and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

es. I

t ha

s so

me

CC

ad

apta

tion

dis

sem

inat

ion

pro

gra

ms,

alth

oug

h no

t sp

ecifi

cally

sta

ted

as

CC

ac

tions

. Som

e al

loca

tions

hav

e ad

dre

ssed

CC

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms.

117

Annex


Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Min

ing

&

Ener

gy

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. e

x-m

inin

g la

nd

recl

amat

ion

& r

ehab

ilita

tion,

pow

er p

lant

of

sola

r an

d m

icro

hyd

ro. I

ts m

onito

ring

tar

get

is

very

lim

ited

com

par

ed t

o th

e nu

mb

er o

f min

ing

ar

ea e

xist

. The

RA

D G

RK is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o m

echa

nism

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

to

imp

lem

ent

its p

rog

ram

s.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

Ag

ricul

ture

, Pl

anta

tion,

&

Live

stoc

k O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e ar

e so

me

stra

teg

ies

of re

leva

nce

to C

C

actio

ns b

ut n

ot C

C s

pec

ific

and

not

alig

ned

to

the

RA

D G

RK. S

trat

egy

of s

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

n ex

ist

but

it is

n’t

rele

vant

to

CC

.

1.33

It ha

sn’t

bee

n un

der

stoo

d t

hat

CC

phe

nom

enon

affe

ct t

o ag

ricul

ture

. Low

cap

acity

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

s to

gen

erat

e aw

aren

ess

rela

ted

to

clim

ate

asp

ect.

Mar

ine

& F

ishe

ry

Offi

ce2.

75Its

str

ateg

ic p

lan

has

stat

ed t

o us

e p

ro-

sust

aina

bili

ty a

pp

roac

h fo

r re

cove

ry a

nd

pre

serv

atio

n of

the

mar

ine

envi

ronm

ent,

coa

stal

an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, a

nd m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers

are

pla

nned

thr

oug

h p

rog

ram

s lik

e co

asta

l co

mm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

and

sup

por

t to

fis

herm

en, w

hich

mor

e fo

r C

C a

dap

tatio

n.

2.00

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y on

gen

erat

ing

sp

ecifi

c C

C re

late

d

awar

enes

s, a

lthou

gh

ther

e ar

e st

rate

gie

s on

com

mun

ity

emp

ower

men

t in

coa

stal

are

a an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, w

hich

rele

vant

to

CC

. St

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers

doe

sn’t

spec

ifica

lly

stat

e C

C re

late

d, n

onet

hele

ss it

’s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

ns.

Som

e p

rog

ram

s ha

ve a

dd

ress

ed re

silie

nce

of li

velih

ood

and

co

asta

l and

sm

all i

slan

ds,

tho

ugh

not

spec

ific

to C

C.

Hea

lth O

ffice

3.00

Its s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s in

clud

ed t

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n;

alth

oug

h C

C a

dap

tatio

n is

n’t

spec

ifica

lly s

tate

d

in it

s p

rog

ram

s. T

he re

gul

atio

n on

alle

viat

ing

m

alar

ia p

rovi

des

a b

asis

to

red

uce

vuln

erab

ility

, w

hich

is in

line

with

MD

Gs

targ

et t

o ac

hiev

e 0%

m

alar

ia in

202

0. S

take

hold

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

in fo

rmul

atin

g t

he s

trat

egic

pla

n. It

s st

rate

gic

p

lan

have

cov

ered

pro

gra

ms

rele

vant

to

CC

vu

lner

abili

ty s

uch

as a

llevi

atin

g m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue,

dia

rrhe

a; a

nd c

omm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

to

com

bat

the

dis

ease

s.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

on h

ealth

vul

nera

bili

ty

imp

acte

d b

y C

C, i

.e. m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue, a

nd d

iarr

hea

and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

es. I

t ha

s so

me

CC

ad

apta

tion

dis

sem

inat

ion

pro

gra

ms,

alth

oug

h no

t sp

ecifi

cally

sta

ted

as

CC

ac

tions

. Som

e al

loca

tions

hav

e ad

dre

ssed

CC

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms.

Annex

118


Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Min

ing

&

Ener

gy

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. e

x-m

inin

g la

nd

recl

amat

ion

& r

ehab

ilita

tion,

pow

er p

lant

of

sola

r an

d m

icro

hyd

ro. I

ts m

onito

ring

tar

get

is

very

lim

ited

com

par

ed t

o th

e nu

mb

er o

f min

ing

ar

ea e

xist

. The

RA

D G

RK is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o m

echa

nism

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

to

imp

lem

ent

its p

rog

ram

s.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

Ag

ricul

ture

, Pl

anta

tion,

&

Live

stoc

k O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e ar

e so

me

stra

teg

ies

of re

leva

nce

to C

C

actio

ns b

ut n

ot C

C s

pec

ific

and

not

alig

ned

to

the

RA

D G

RK. S

trat

egy

of s

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

n ex

ist

but

it is

n’t

rele

vant

to

CC

.

1.33

It ha

sn’t

bee

n un

der

stoo

d t

hat

CC

phe

nom

enon

affe

ct t

o ag

ricul

ture

. Low

cap

acity

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

s to

gen

erat

e aw

aren

ess

rela

ted

to

clim

ate

asp

ect.

Mar

ine

& F

ishe

ry

Offi

ce2.

75Its

str

ateg

ic p

lan

has

stat

ed t

o us

e p

ro-

sust

aina

bili

ty a

pp

roac

h fo

r re

cove

ry a

nd

pre

serv

atio

n of

the

mar

ine

envi

ronm

ent,

coa

stal

an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, a

nd m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers

are

pla

nned

thr

oug

h p

rog

ram

s lik

e co

asta

l co

mm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

and

sup

por

t to

fis

herm

en, w

hich

mor

e fo

r C

C a

dap

tatio

n.

2.00

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y on

gen

erat

ing

sp

ecifi

c C

C re

late

d

awar

enes

s, a

lthou

gh

ther

e ar

e st

rate

gie

s on

com

mun

ity

emp

ower

men

t in

coa

stal

are

a an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, w

hich

rele

vant

to

CC

. St

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers

doe

sn’t

spec

ifica

lly

stat

e C

C re

late

d, n

onet

hele

ss it

’s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

ns.

Som

e p

rog

ram

s ha

ve a

dd

ress

ed re

silie

nce

of li

velih

ood

and

co

asta

l and

sm

all i

slan

ds,

tho

ugh

not

spec

ific

to C

C.

Hea

lth O

ffice

3.00

Its s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s in

clud

ed t

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n;

alth

oug

h C

C a

dap

tatio

n is

n’t

spec

ifica

lly s

tate

d

in it

s p

rog

ram

s. T

he re

gul

atio

n on

alle

viat

ing

m

alar

ia p

rovi

des

a b

asis

to

red

uce

vuln

erab

ility

, w

hich

is in

line

with

MD

Gs

targ

et t

o ac

hiev

e 0%

m

alar

ia in

202

0. S

take

hold

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

in fo

rmul

atin

g t

he s

trat

egic

pla

n. It

s st

rate

gic

p

lan

have

cov

ered

pro

gra

ms

rele

vant

to

CC

vu

lner

abili

ty s

uch

as a

llevi

atin

g m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue,

dia

rrhe

a; a

nd c

omm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

to

com

bat

the

dis

ease

s.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

on h

ealth

vul

nera

bili

ty

imp

acte

d b

y C

C, i

.e. m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue, a

nd d

iarr

hea

and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

es. I

t ha

s so

me

CC

ad

apta

tion

dis

sem

inat

ion

pro

gra

ms,

alth

oug

h no

t sp

ecifi

cally

sta

ted

as

CC

ac

tions

. Som

e al

loca

tions

hav

e ad

dre

ssed

CC

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms.

119

Annex


Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Min

ing

&

Ener

gy

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. e

x-m

inin

g la

nd

recl

amat

ion

& r

ehab

ilita

tion,

pow

er p

lant

of

sola

r an

d m

icro

hyd

ro. I

ts m

onito

ring

tar

get

is

very

lim

ited

com

par

ed t

o th

e nu

mb

er o

f min

ing

ar

ea e

xist

. The

RA

D G

RK is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o m

echa

nism

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

to

imp

lem

ent

its p

rog

ram

s.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

Ag

ricul

ture

, Pl

anta

tion,

&

Live

stoc

k O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e ar

e so

me

stra

teg

ies

of re

leva

nce

to C

C

actio

ns b

ut n

ot C

C s

pec

ific

and

not

alig

ned

to

the

RA

D G

RK. S

trat

egy

of s

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

n ex

ist

but

it is

n’t

rele

vant

to

CC

.

1.33

It ha

sn’t

bee

n un

der

stoo

d t

hat

CC

phe

nom

enon

affe

ct t

o ag

ricul

ture

. Low

cap

acity

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

s to

gen

erat

e aw

aren

ess

rela

ted

to

clim

ate

asp

ect.

Mar

ine

& F

ishe

ry

Offi

ce2.

75Its

str

ateg

ic p

lan

has

stat

ed t

o us

e p

ro-

sust

aina

bili

ty a

pp

roac

h fo

r re

cove

ry a

nd

pre

serv

atio

n of

the

mar

ine

envi

ronm

ent,

coa

stal

an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, a

nd m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers

are

pla

nned

thr

oug

h p

rog

ram

s lik

e co

asta

l co

mm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

and

sup

por

t to

fis

herm

en, w

hich

mor

e fo

r C

C a

dap

tatio

n.

2.00

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y on

gen

erat

ing

sp

ecifi

c C

C re

late

d

awar

enes

s, a

lthou

gh

ther

e ar

e st

rate

gie

s on

com

mun

ity

emp

ower

men

t in

coa

stal

are

a an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, w

hich

rele

vant

to

CC

. St

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers

doe

sn’t

spec

ifica

lly

stat

e C

C re

late

d, n

onet

hele

ss it

’s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

ns.

Som

e p

rog

ram

s ha

ve a

dd

ress

ed re

silie

nce

of li

velih

ood

and

co

asta

l and

sm

all i

slan

ds,

tho

ugh

not

spec

ific

to C

C.

Hea

lth O

ffice

3.00

Its s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s in

clud

ed t

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n;

alth

oug

h C

C a

dap

tatio

n is

n’t

spec

ifica

lly s

tate

d

in it

s p

rog

ram

s. T

he re

gul

atio

n on

alle

viat

ing

m

alar

ia p

rovi

des

a b

asis

to

red

uce

vuln

erab

ility

, w

hich

is in

line

with

MD

Gs

targ

et t

o ac

hiev

e 0%

m

alar

ia in

202

0. S

take

hold

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

in fo

rmul

atin

g t

he s

trat

egic

pla

n. It

s st

rate

gic

p

lan

have

cov

ered

pro

gra

ms

rele

vant

to

CC

vu

lner

abili

ty s

uch

as a

llevi

atin

g m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue,

dia

rrhe

a; a

nd c

omm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

to

com

bat

the

dis

ease

s.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

on h

ealth

vul

nera

bili

ty

imp

acte

d b

y C

C, i

.e. m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue, a

nd d

iarr

hea

and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

es. I

t ha

s so

me

CC

ad

apta

tion

dis

sem

inat

ion

pro

gra

ms,

alth

oug

h no

t sp

ecifi

cally

sta

ted

as

CC

ac

tions

. Som

e al

loca

tions

hav

e ad

dre

ssed

CC

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms.

Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Pub

lic W

ork

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. i

rrig

atio

n, c

lean

w

ater

faci

lity,

riv

er d

red

gin

g. T

he R

AD

GRK

is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o st

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

er t

o im

ple

men

t its

p

rog

ram

s.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Ind

ustr

y &

Tra

de

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

is n

o C

C a

ctio

n in

the

RA

D G

RK in

clud

ed

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

are

ver

y lim

ited

p

rog

ram

s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

n, e

.g.

faci

litat

ion

for

fishi

ng in

dus

try.

Str

ateg

y to

en

gag

e st

akeh

old

ers

isn’

t re

leva

nt t

o C

C.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Tran

spor

tatio

n O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e is

CC

act

ion

in t

he R

AD

GRK

incl

uded

in

its s

trat

egic

pla

n. T

he C

C re

leva

nt is

sp

ecifi

c on

ly

to re

duc

e p

rivat

e ca

rs e

mis

sion

s. T

here

is n

o st

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Dis

aste

r A

gen

cy

(BPB

D)

3.00

The

loca

l reg

ulat

ion

and

str

ateg

ic p

lan

have

el

abor

ated

dis

aste

r ris

k re

duc

tion,

incl

udin

g

flood

, str

ong

win

d, a

nd la

ndsl

ide

whi

ch

pre

sum

ably

imp

acte

d b

y C

C. I

ts s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s cl

early

sta

ted

eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers,

nam

ely

stra

teg

y to

enc

oura

ge

com

mun

ity t

o un

der

stan

d

dis

aste

r ris

k re

duc

tion.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

on d

isas

ter

man

agem

ent,

incl

udin

g d

isas

ter

pre

sum

ably

cau

sed

by

CC

. Th

ere

are

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers,

e.g

. p

rovi

sion

of s

upp

ort

for

the

stak

ehol

der

’s p

artic

ipat

ion

and

in

nova

tion

to im

ple

men

t th

e d

isas

ter

man

agem

ent.

The

bar

rier

is li

mite

d fu

nd.

119

Annex


Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Min

ing

&

Ener

gy

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. e

x-m

inin

g la

nd

recl

amat

ion

& r

ehab

ilita

tion,

pow

er p

lant

of

sola

r an

d m

icro

hyd

ro. I

ts m

onito

ring

tar

get

is

very

lim

ited

com

par

ed t

o th

e nu

mb

er o

f min

ing

ar

ea e

xist

. The

RA

D G

RK is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o m

echa

nism

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

to

imp

lem

ent

its p

rog

ram

s.

1.67

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. S

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

cle

arly

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

.

Ag

ricul

ture

, Pl

anta

tion,

&

Live

stoc

k O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e ar

e so

me

stra

teg

ies

of re

leva

nce

to C

C

actio

ns b

ut n

ot C

C s

pec

ific

and

not

alig

ned

to

the

RA

D G

RK. S

trat

egy

of s

take

hold

er

par

ticip

atio

n ex

ist

but

it is

n’t

rele

vant

to

CC

.

1.33

It ha

sn’t

bee

n un

der

stoo

d t

hat

CC

phe

nom

enon

affe

ct t

o ag

ricul

ture

. Low

cap

acity

to

eng

age

stak

ehol

der

s to

gen

erat

e aw

aren

ess

rela

ted

to

clim

ate

asp

ect.

Mar

ine

& F

ishe

ry

Offi

ce2.

75Its

str

ateg

ic p

lan

has

stat

ed t

o us

e p

ro-

sust

aina

bili

ty a

pp

roac

h fo

r re

cove

ry a

nd

pre

serv

atio

n of

the

mar

ine

envi

ronm

ent,

coa

stal

an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, a

nd m

itig

atio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers

are

pla

nned

thr

oug

h p

rog

ram

s lik

e co

asta

l co

mm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

and

sup

por

t to

fis

herm

en, w

hich

mor

e fo

r C

C a

dap

tatio

n.

2.00

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y on

gen

erat

ing

sp

ecifi

c C

C re

late

d

awar

enes

s, a

lthou

gh

ther

e ar

e st

rate

gie

s on

com

mun

ity

emp

ower

men

t in

coa

stal

are

a an

d s

mal

l isl

and

s, w

hich

rele

vant

to

CC

. St

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers

doe

sn’t

spec

ifica

lly

stat

e C

C re

late

d, n

onet

hele

ss it

’s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

ns.

Som

e p

rog

ram

s ha

ve a

dd

ress

ed re

silie

nce

of li

velih

ood

and

co

asta

l and

sm

all i

slan

ds,

tho

ugh

not

spec

ific

to C

C.

Hea

lth O

ffice

3.00

Its s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s in

clud

ed t

he C

C a

dap

tatio

n;

alth

oug

h C

C a

dap

tatio

n is

n’t

spec

ifica

lly s

tate

d

in it

s p

rog

ram

s. T

he re

gul

atio

n on

alle

viat

ing

m

alar

ia p

rovi

des

a b

asis

to

red

uce

vuln

erab

ility

, w

hich

is in

line

with

MD

Gs

targ

et t

o ac

hiev

e 0%

m

alar

ia in

202

0. S

take

hold

ers

wer

e in

volv

ed

in fo

rmul

atin

g t

he s

trat

egic

pla

n. It

s st

rate

gic

p

lan

have

cov

ered

pro

gra

ms

rele

vant

to

CC

vu

lner

abili

ty s

uch

as a

llevi

atin

g m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue,

dia

rrhe

a; a

nd c

omm

unity

em

pow

erm

ent

to

com

bat

the

dis

ease

s.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

on h

ealth

vul

nera

bili

ty

imp

acte

d b

y C

C, i

.e. m

alar

ia, d

eng

ue, a

nd d

iarr

hea

and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

es. I

t ha

s so

me

CC

ad

apta

tion

dis

sem

inat

ion

pro

gra

ms,

alth

oug

h no

t sp

ecifi

cally

sta

ted

as

CC

ac

tions

. Som

e al

loca

tions

hav

e ad

dre

ssed

CC

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms.

Inst

itut

ions

Ass

essm

ent

of

Func

tio

nal C

apac

ity

Inst

itut

iona

l Arr

ang

emen

tsK

now

led

ge

and

Aw

aren

ess

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Ran

kD

escr

ipti

on

Pub

lic W

ork

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

are

som

e st

rate

gie

s of

rele

vanc

e to

CC

ac

tions

but

not

CC

sp

ecifi

c, e

.g. i

rrig

atio

n, c

lean

w

ater

faci

lity,

riv

er d

red

gin

g. T

he R

AD

GRK

is

n’t

incl

uded

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

is n

o st

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

er t

o im

ple

men

t its

p

rog

ram

s.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Ind

ustr

y &

Tra

de

Offi

ce2.

00Th

ere

is n

o C

C a

ctio

n in

the

RA

D G

RK in

clud

ed

in it

s st

rate

gic

pla

n. T

here

are

ver

y lim

ited

p

rog

ram

s re

leva

nt t

o C

C a

dap

tatio

n, e

.g.

faci

litat

ion

for

fishi

ng in

dus

try.

Str

ateg

y to

en

gag

e st

akeh

old

ers

isn’

t re

leva

nt t

o C

C.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Tran

spor

tatio

n O

ffice

2.00

Ther

e is

CC

act

ion

in t

he R

AD

GRK

incl

uded

in

its s

trat

egic

pla

n. T

he C

C re

leva

nt is

sp

ecifi

c on

ly

to re

duc

e p

rivat

e ca

rs e

mis

sion

s. T

here

is n

o st

rate

gy

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers.

1.33

Ther

e is

no

stra

teg

y an

d e

vid

ence

rele

vant

to

CC

kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s. H

owev

er, s

ome

pro

gra

ms

have

ad

dre

ssed

CC

re

leva

nce

activ

ities

. Tho

se p

rog

ram

s no

neth

eles

s sh

ould

be

re-

asse

ssed

to

get

cla

rity

whe

ther

are

rele

vant

to

CC

.

Dis

aste

r A

gen

cy

(BPB

D)

3.00

The

loca

l reg

ulat

ion

and

str

ateg

ic p

lan

have

el

abor

ated

dis

aste

r ris

k re

duc

tion,

incl

udin

g

flood

, str

ong

win

d, a

nd la

ndsl

ide

whi

ch

pre

sum

ably

imp

acte

d b

y C

C. I

ts s

trat

egic

pla

n ha

s cl

early

sta

ted

eng

agin

g s

take

hold

ers,

nam

ely

stra

teg

y to

enc

oura

ge

com

mun

ity t

o un

der

stan

d

dis

aste

r ris

k re

duc

tion.

3.00

The

offic

e ha

s su

ffici

ent

know

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

on d

isas

ter

man

agem

ent,

incl

udin

g d

isas

ter

pre

sum

ably

cau

sed

by

CC

. Th

ere

are

rele

vant

pro

gra

ms

to e

ngag

e st

akeh

old

ers,

e.g

. p

rovi

sion

of s

upp

ort

for

the

stak

ehol

der

’s p

artic

ipat

ion

and

in

nova

tion

to im

ple

men

t th

e d

isas

ter

man

agem

ent.

The

bar

rier

is li

mite

d fu

nd.

Annex

120


Ann

ex 5

: B

abel

Pro

vinc

e C

limat

e C

hang

e Fo

rwar

d W

ork

Pla

n

2015

2016

Sep

tO

ctN

ovD

ecJa

nFe

bM

arch

Ap

ril

May

June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

Po

licy

Bab

el C

C M

itig

atio

n St

rate

gy

RA

D-G

RK

1Re

view

and

revi

se t

he B

abel

RA

D-G

RK t

o el

imin

ate

anom

alie

s an

d im

pro

ve

cohe

renc

e an

d e

ffect

iven

ess.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d R

AD

-GRK

Wor

king

Gro

up

2En

hanc

e th

e p

oten

tial o

f coa

stal

are

as (e

spec

ially

cor

al re

efs)

as

a ca

rbon

st

ore

and

incl

ude

in re

vise

d R

AD

-GRK

.A

ctio

n: M

arin

e an

d F

ishe

ry O

ffice

.

3Re

duc

e ill

egal

min

ing

with

a v

iew

to

pro

tect

ing

the

car

bon

seq

uest

ratio

n ca

pac

ity o

f Bab

el Is

land

sA

ctio

n: B

abel

Gov

erno

r

4M

onito

r an

d e

valu

ate

the

achi

evem

ents

of e

mis

sion

red

uctio

ns in

ac

cord

ance

with

RA

D-G

DK

man

dat

eA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

and

Env

ironm

ent

Ag

ency

5In

corp

orat

e Pr

ovin

cial

RA

D-G

RK in

to ro

utin

e p

lann

ing

beg

inni

ng w

ith t

he

Prov

ince

Med

ium

Ter

m D

evel

opm

ent

Plan

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a w

ith re

leva

nt p

rovi

ncia

l wor

k un

its

6Is

sue

a Jo

int

Min

iste

ral D

ecre

e (M

o H

A, B

app

enas

, Min

istr

y En

vand

For

) to

mon

itor

and

eva

luat

e m

itig

atio

n p

rog

ress

Act

ion:

Mo

HA

, Bap

pen

as, M

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t an

d F

ores

try

Bab

el C

C

Ad

apta

tion

Stra

teg

y (R

AD

-API

)

7Im

pro

ve C

C a

war

enes

s b

y In

crea

sing

the

dis

sem

inat

ion

of C

C s

cien

tific

info

rmat

ion

and

tec

hnic

al g

uid

ance

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d E

nviro

nmen

t A

gen

cy

121

Annex


2015

2016

Sep

tO

ctN

ovD

ecJa

nFe

bM

arch

Ap

ril

May

June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

Po

licy

Bab

el C

C M

itig

atio

n St

rate

gy

RA

D-G

RK

8Fo

rmul

ate

a B

abel

Pro

vinc

e C

C A

dap

tatio

n St

rate

gy

(RA

D-A

PI)

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d w

ork

units

with

sup

por

t fr

om U

ND

P

9In

corp

orat

e C

C A

dap

tatio

n RA

D-A

PI in

to ro

utin

e p

rovi

ncia

l pla

nnin

g

incl

udin

g in

to t

he re

vise

d M

ediu

m T

erm

Pla

nA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

with

rele

vant

pro

vinc

ial w

ork

units

.

10Pr

epar

e C

C a

dap

tatio

n st

rate

gie

s fo

r ke

y ad

apta

tion

sect

ors

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

11D

evel

op “

scen

ario

pla

nnin

g”

for

CC

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

ies

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a, E

nviro

nmen

t A

gen

cy w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

Po

licy

Bab

el C

C M

itig

atio

n St

rate

gy

RA

D-G

RK

1In

clud

e C

C m

itig

atio

n in

the

reg

ulat

ions

for

sub

-nat

iona

l med

ium

ter

m a

nd

annu

al p

lann

ing

and

bud

get

.A

ctio

n: M

o H

A.

2Re

vise

the

RA

D-G

RK t

o p

rovi

de

clar

ity o

n ta

sks

and

func

tions

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

and

Bap

ped

a

3Es

tab

lish

the

CC

miti

gat

ion

team

in t

he G

over

nor

Secr

etar

iat

as t

he

over

sig

ht b

ody

for

CC

imp

lem

enta

tion

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

/Bap

ped

a

4St

reng

then

the

role

and

cap

acity

of t

he P

rovi

ncia

l Sec

reat

ary

and

Bap

ped

a as

CC

cha

mp

ions

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

and

Bap

ped

a w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

5Ev

alua

te a

nnua

lly t

he G

HG

em

issi

ons

calc

ulat

ions

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d E

nviro

nmen

t A

gen

cy

121

Annex


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2016

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May

June

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12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

Po

licy

Bab

el C

C M

itig

atio

n St

rate

gy

RA

D-G

RK

8Fo

rmul

ate

a B

abel

Pro

vinc

e C

C A

dap

tatio

n St

rate

gy

(RA

D-A

PI)

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d w

ork

units

with

sup

por

t fr

om U

ND

P

9In

corp

orat

e C

C A

dap

tatio

n RA

D-A

PI in

to ro

utin

e p

rovi

ncia

l pla

nnin

g

incl

udin

g in

to t

he re

vise

d M

ediu

m T

erm

Pla

nA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

with

rele

vant

pro

vinc

ial w

ork

units

.

10Pr

epar

e C

C a

dap

tatio

n st

rate

gie

s fo

r ke

y ad

apta

tion

sect

ors

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

11D

evel

op “

scen

ario

pla

nnin

g”

for

CC

ad

apta

tion

stra

teg

ies

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a, E

nviro

nmen

t A

gen

cy w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

Po

licy

Bab

el C

C M

itig

atio

n St

rate

gy

RA

D-G

RK

1In

clud

e C

C m

itig

atio

n in

the

reg

ulat

ions

for

sub

-nat

iona

l med

ium

ter

m a

nd

annu

al p

lann

ing

and

bud

get

.A

ctio

n: M

o H

A.

2Re

vise

the

RA

D-G

RK t

o p

rovi

de

clar

ity o

n ta

sks

and

func

tions

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

and

Bap

ped

a

3Es

tab

lish

the

CC

miti

gat

ion

team

in t

he G

over

nor

Secr

etar

iat

as t

he

over

sig

ht b

ody

for

CC

imp

lem

enta

tion

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

/Bap

ped

a

4St

reng

then

the

role

and

cap

acity

of t

he P

rovi

ncia

l Sec

reat

ary

and

Bap

ped

a as

CC

cha

mp

ions

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

and

Bap

ped

a w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

5Ev

alua

te a

nnua

lly t

he G

HG

em

issi

ons

calc

ulat

ions

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d E

nviro

nmen

t A

gen

cy

Annex

122


2015

2016

Sep

tO

ctN

ovD

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bM

arch

Ap

ril

May

June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

6C

arry

aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

for

villa

ge

coun

cils

and

offi

cial

sA

ctio

n: B

app

eda,

Env

ironm

ent

Ag

ency

, NG

Os

with

sup

por

t fr

om U

ND

P

7Es

tab

lish

villa

ge

links

to

the

SID

IK o

nlin

e d

ata

syst

em t

o he

lp v

illag

es w

ith

pla

nnin

gA

ctio

n: D

istr

ic B

app

eda

8Pr

ovid

e C

C c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

to

all i

nstit

utio

ns in

volv

ed in

CC

miti

gat

ion

and

ad

apta

tion

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a w

ith s

upp

ort

from

UN

DP

CC

Co

ord

inat

ion

9St

reng

then

hig

h le

vel C

C c

oord

inat

ing

func

tions

as

per

the

Law

on

Sub

-na

tiona

l Gov

ernm

ent

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

10Ex

pan

d t

he t

asks

of t

he C

C m

itig

atio

n C

oord

inat

ion

Team

to

incl

ude

CC

ad

apta

tion

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

11Re

vise

the

Gub

-R o

n ta

sks

and

func

tions

of t

he s

ub-n

atio

nal u

nits

to

add

CC

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

PFM

Gen

eral

1C

onsi

der

fina

ncin

g G

HG

em

issi

ons

red

uctio

n p

rog

ram

me

for

sub

-nat

iona

l g

over

nmen

ts fr

om S

pec

ific

Allo

catio

n Fu

nds

(DA

K)

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

.

2In

trod

uce

CC

rele

vant

tag

gin

g fo

r su

b-n

atio

nal g

over

nmen

t.A

ctio

n: M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce.

123

Annex


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ril

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June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

PB

B

3En

forc

e th

e us

e un

der

PB

B o

f mea

sure

able

tar

get

s an

d in

dic

ator

s fo

r ev

ery

pro

gra

mm

eA

ctio

n: In

tern

al A

udit

Uni

ts in

Sub

-nat

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent,

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

an

d M

oHA

4C

arry

out

rout

ine

PBB

eva

luat

ion

of e

ach

unit’

s b

udg

et a

nd p

rog

ram

mes

as

par

t of

the

ann

ual r

epor

t p

roce

ss.

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial I

nter

nal A

udit

Uni

t su

pp

orte

d b

y M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce a

nd

MoH

A

5A

pp

ly a

rew

ard

and

pen

alty

PB

B c

omp

lianc

e sy

stem

for

each

uni

t an

d it

s in

div

idua

l pro

gra

mm

esA

ctio

n: G

over

nor

and

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

Pla

nnin

g &

Bud

get

ing

Pro

cess

6In

corp

orat

e C

C re

leva

nce

scre

enin

g in

to t

he p

rep

arat

ion

of m

ediu

m-t

erm

p

lans

, ann

ual p

lans

and

bud

get

s.A

ctio

n: P

rovi

ncia

l Sec

reta

ry a

nd B

app

eda

7In

corp

orat

e C

C a

ctio

ns in

to t

he p

rep

arat

ion

of t

he p

rovi

ncia

l/d

istr

ict

wor

k p

lan

in F

ebru

ary/

Mar

chA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

8Fo

cus

initi

ally

CC

pla

nnin

g a

nd b

udg

etin

g o

n m

odifi

catio

n an

d u

psc

alin

g o

f ex

istin

g c

limat

e re

leva

nt p

rog

ram

mes

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d C

C s

ensi

tive

wor

k un

its.

9C

heck

sub

-nat

iona

l med

ium

ter

m a

nd a

nnua

l pla

ns fo

r C

C c

omp

lianc

eA

ctio

n: M

oHA

with

sup

por

t fr

om U

ND

P

Exp

end

itur

e

1Im

pro

ve a

cces

s to

act

ual r

ealis

ed e

xpen

ditu

re d

ata.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a

123

Annex


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2016

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ril

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June

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12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

PB

B

3En

forc

e th

e us

e un

der

PB

B o

f mea

sure

able

tar

get

s an

d in

dic

ator

s fo

r ev

ery

pro

gra

mm

eA

ctio

n: In

tern

al A

udit

Uni

ts in

Sub

-nat

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent,

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

an

d M

oHA

4C

arry

out

rout

ine

PBB

eva

luat

ion

of e

ach

unit’

s b

udg

et a

nd p

rog

ram

mes

as

par

t of

the

ann

ual r

epor

t p

roce

ss.

Act

ion:

Pro

vinc

ial I

nter

nal A

udit

Uni

t su

pp

orte

d b

y M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce a

nd

MoH

A

5A

pp

ly a

rew

ard

and

pen

alty

PB

B c

omp

lianc

e sy

stem

for

each

uni

t an

d it

s in

div

idua

l pro

gra

mm

esA

ctio

n: G

over

nor

and

Pro

vinc

ial S

ecre

tary

Pla

nnin

g &

Bud

get

ing

Pro

cess

6In

corp

orat

e C

C re

leva

nce

scre

enin

g in

to t

he p

rep

arat

ion

of m

ediu

m-t

erm

p

lans

, ann

ual p

lans

and

bud

get

s.A

ctio

n: P

rovi

ncia

l Sec

reta

ry a

nd B

app

eda

7In

corp

orat

e C

C a

ctio

ns in

to t

he p

rep

arat

ion

of t

he p

rovi

ncia

l/d

istr

ict

wor

k p

lan

in F

ebru

ary/

Mar

chA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

8Fo

cus

initi

ally

CC

pla

nnin

g a

nd b

udg

etin

g o

n m

odifi

catio

n an

d u

psc

alin

g o

f ex

istin

g c

limat

e re

leva

nt p

rog

ram

mes

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d C

C s

ensi

tive

wor

k un

its.

9C

heck

sub

-nat

iona

l med

ium

ter

m a

nd a

nnua

l pla

ns fo

r C

C c

omp

lianc

eA

ctio

n: M

oHA

with

sup

por

t fr

om U

ND

P

Exp

end

itur

e

1Im

pro

ve a

cces

s to

act

ual r

ealis

ed e

xpen

ditu

re d

ata.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a

Annex

124


2015

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ctN

ovD

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May

June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

2D

irect

miti

gat

ion

exp

end

iture

to

pos

t-m

ing

recl

amat

ion,

fore

st a

nd c

oast

al

pro

tect

ion,

and

die

sel p

ower

pla

nt re

pla

cem

ent

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a

3D

irect

ad

apta

tion

exp

end

iture

to

CC

aw

aren

ess,

wat

er re

sour

ces,

den

gey

an

d m

alar

ia, d

iver

sify

ing

live

lihoo

ds

and

DM

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a

Po

vert

y

1Pr

ovid

e an

alys

is o

f the

dem

ogra

phi

c an

d s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic c

hara

cter

istic

s of

th

e p

oor

for

the

pro

vinc

e p

lann

ing

sys

tem

.A

ctio

n: P

rovi

nce

Pove

rty

and

Gen

der

Tea

m.

2Pr

oduc

e up

-to-

dat

e p

over

ty re

por

ts a

nd u

se t

heir

find

ing

s an

d le

sson

s le

arne

d in

pro

gra

mm

e an

d b

udg

et p

lann

ing

.A

ctio

n: P

rovi

nce

Pove

rty

and

Gen

der

Tea

m

3M

ake

pov

erty

pla

nnin

g m

ore

effe

ctiv

e b

y im

pro

ved

acc

ount

abili

ty in

the

b

udg

et h

earin

g p

roce

ssA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

Gen

der

1Re

que

st t

he h

elp

of t

he N

atio

nal S

tatis

tical

Ag

ency

and

the

Nat

iona

l Cen

tre

for

Pove

rty

Red

uctio

n C

arry

to

cary

y ou

t an

alys

isA

ctio

n: B

app

eda

and

the

Pov

erty

and

Gen

der

Tea

m

2St

reng

then

the

mec

hani

sms

for

gen

der

rep

ortin

g a

nd a

ccou

ntab

ility

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a an

d t

he P

over

ty a

nd G

end

er T

eam

3Im

pro

ved

gen

der

pla

nnin

g, r

epor

ting

and

acc

ount

abili

ty t

hrou

gh

the

bud

get

hea

ring

s p

roce

ss.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a.

125

Annex


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2016

Sep

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ril

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June

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12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

P3B

M

1In

stitu

te a

nd a

ctiv

ate

the

P3B

M s

yste

m fo

r ef

fect

ive

pro

-poo

r p

lann

ing

and

ta

rget

ing

of d

evel

opm

etn

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a.

2M

ake

the

P3B

M d

ata

anal

ysis

mor

e p

artic

ipat

ory

invo

lvin

g s

take

hold

ers

such

as

com

mun

ities

and

NG

Os.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a.

3Pr

ovid

e st

rong

com

mitm

ent

for

activ

atin

g t

he P

3BM

sys

tem

.A

ctio

n: B

app

eda.

4Re

sum

e co

ntac

ts w

ith t

he n

atio

nal P

3BM

tea

m u

nder

Bap

pen

as t

o re

que

st

soft

war

e ad

n tr

aini

ngA

ctio

n: B

app

eda.

Dis

tric

ts

1A

dop

t th

e b

anni

ng o

f sea

bed

min

ing

and

the

reg

istr

atio

n of

fam

ily s

cale

tin

m

inin

g.

Act

ion:

Min

ing

and

Ene

rgy

Offi

ce, P

rovi

ncia

l Gov

ernm

ent.

125

Annex


2015

2016

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tO

ctN

ovD

ecJa

nFe

bM

arch

Ap

ril

May

June

34

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

P3B

M

1In

stitu

te a

nd a

ctiv

ate

the

P3B

M s

yste

m fo

r ef

fect

ive

pro

-poo

r p

lann

ing

and

ta

rget

ing

of d

evel

opm

etn

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a.

2M

ake

the

P3B

M d

ata

anal

ysis

mor

e p

artic

ipat

ory

invo

lvin

g s

take

hold

ers

such

as

com

mun

ities

and

NG

Os.

Act

ion:

Bap

ped

a.

3Pr

ovid

e st

rong

com

mitm

ent

for

activ

atin

g t

he P

3BM

sys

tem

.A

ctio

n: B

app

eda.

4Re

sum

e co

ntac

ts w

ith t

he n

atio

nal P

3BM

tea

m u

nder

Bap

pen

as t

o re

que

st

soft

war

e ad

n tr

aini

ngA

ctio

n: B

app

eda.

Dis

tric

ts

1A

dop

t th

e b

anni

ng o

f sea

bed

min

ing

and

the

reg

istr

atio

n of

fam

ily s

cale

tin

m

inin

g.

Act

ion:

Min

ing

and

Ene

rgy

Offi

ce, P

rovi

ncia

l Gov

ernm

ent.

Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and

Institutional Review (CPEIR)

Bangka Belitung Island ofIndonesia

Center for Climate Finance and Multilateral PolicyFiscal Policy Agency

Ministry of Finance, Republic of IndonesiaDecember 2015

FISCAL POLICY AGENCY MINISTRY OF FINANCE

UNE P

Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia

...i Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of...

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Transcript of ...i Provincial Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review, Bangka Belitung Island of...