JUDAISM

EARLY HEBREWS

Hebrews= Ancestors of Jews Kept records Religion= Judaism Writings of Hebrew prophets make up

Hebrew and Christian Bible

HEBREW WRITINGS

History of Hebrews= Torah First 5 books of Hebrew Bible Old Testament in Christian Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,

Deuteronomy Tanakh- Hebrew Bible

Torah, Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings) Mishnah- anthology of rabbinic law Talmud- extended commentary on Mishnah

Later rabbinic interpretation

HEBREW FATHERS

Abraham Shepherd Lived near Ur in Mesopotamia God told him to leave Covenant- God would lead them to a

Promised Land Led the people to Canaan

HEBREW FATHERS CONT.

Isaac Ancestral “father” or patriarch

Jacob 12 sons 12 Tribes of Israel Asher, Benjamin, Dan, Gad, Issachar,

Joseph, Judah, Levi, Naphtali, Reuben, Simeon, Zebulun

MOSES AND EXODUS

Some Israelites went to Egypt due to famine

Pharaoh enslaved Israelites Moses

Israelite but raised in Palace Moses asked for Israelites to be freed 10 plagues Moses led Exodus

MOSES AND EXODUS CONT.

Wandered in desert for 40 years Mount Sinai

God gave Moses 2 stone tablets 10 commandments

Arrived in Canaan Battled for it Became Israel

KINGDOMS OF ISRAEL

Settled in scattered areas Farmed and raised livestock Organized loosely by 12 tribes No central government Prophets appeared from time to time

carrying messages Focus on faith

SAUL, DAVID AND SOLOMON

Philistines attacked in 1000 BCE Israelites united to defeat Phil. Saul- 1st king

Troubled and jealous Never liked by the people

David Well loved, great military leader Poet and musician Capital became Jerusalem

SAUL, DAVID AND SOLOMON

Solomon Lots of trade Kingdom became wealthy Built a temple

DIVISIONS

Who should be the next king? A split

10 tribes in North= Israel 2 in South= Judah

700 BCE Assyrians conquered Israel Chaldeans conquered Judah in 586 BCE

Sent Jews to Babylon as slaves Diaspora

Persians conquered Chaldeans and let Jews return Some did and rebuilt temple- “Second Temple”

TEACHINGS OF JUDAISM

Monotheistic Justice and righteousness Ethical tradition

Respect families, tell the truth, honest, etc Obedience to laws

10 Commandments Mosaic Law