Level 1

Give one pro and con for the following business organizations…› Sole-proprietorship› Corporation› Partnership› Franchise

Bell Ringer

What is the most common tool associated with unions?

What are 3 options that both sides can take in a collective bargaining agreement?

What reasons might have led to the decline in union membership?

What’s a “picket line?”

Chapter 9 - LaborSection 1

Objectives

1. Define labor union, and explain how unions rose to power in the United States.

2. Analyze the reasons for the decline in union membership in the last few decades

3. Describe the types of union workplaces4. Summarize how collective bargaining works5. Evaluate the pros and cons of labor strikes,

and explain how settlements are reached

Vocabulary

Labor Union Strike Industrial Union Craft Union Right-to-work Law Blue-collar worker White-collar worker

Vocabulary

Labor Union – organization of workers that tries to improve conditions, wages, and benefits for members

Strike – organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands

Industrial Union – organization of workers in a variety of occupations within a single industry

Craft Union – organization of workers in a single occupation

Right-to-work Law – bans mandatory union membership

Blue-collar worker – person who works industrial job, earns wages

White-collar worker – a professional who earns salary

3 factors of production: Land, Labor, and Capital

Labor Union› By joining together employees can make

an impact on the conditions of their work.› Strike

What does a Union do?

Industrial Revolution

Why the need for Unions? Poor working conditions

› 12-16 hour days› $2/week

Lowell Factory Girls

Emergence of Unions 1869 Knights of Labor (KOL)

› Industrial union› African American and Women Membership

1886 American Federation of Labor (AFL)› Samuel Gompers› Craft union› Congress of Industrial Organizations

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› 1886 Chicago› McCormick Workers strike for 8 hour days

(KOL)› Police tried to disperse crowd, unknown

person threw bomb killing several people

› 1894 Pullman, Illinois› Railroad Workers strike after decrease in

wages› Gov’t steps in to end it

Events continued…

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory› NYC 1911› 146 workers died in a tragic fire› Action taken for workplace safety

Ludlow Massacre› Ludlow, Colorado 1914› United Mine Workers strike› Colorado National Guard breaks strike,

killing 39

Company response Identified and fired union organizers “Yellow-dog” contracts

› Workers promised not to join Unions Injunctions

› Court order for workers to end strike “Scabs” - derogatory

› Strikebreakers brought in by Company to replace strikers

Pinkerton Agency› Companies would hire own private militias to harass

strikers Claimed unions violated the Sherman Antitrust

Act of 1890› Said Unions restricted competition, courts agreed till

1930

F.D.R Administration

Norris-La Guardia Act (1932)› Outlawed Yellow-dog contracts› More difficult to get injunctions

National Labor Relations Act (1935)› Gave workers the right to organize, required

companies to bargain in good faith› Created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)› Minimum Wage› Outlawed Child labor› 40 hour work week

As a result union membership soared

Union MaidThere once was a union maid, she never was afraid

Of goons and ginks and company finks and the deputy sheriffs who made the raid.

She went to the union hall when a meeting it was called,And when the Legion boys come 'round

She always stood her ground. Oh, you can't scare me, I'm sticking to the union,I'm sticking to the union, I'm sticking to the union.Oh, you can't scare me, I'm sticking to the union,

I'm sticking to the union 'til the day I die.This union maid was wise to the tricks of company spies,

She couldn't be fooled by a company stool, she'd always organize the guys.

She always got her way when she struck for better pay.She'd show her card to the National Guard

And this is what she'd sayYou gals who want to be free, just take a tip from me;

Get you a man who's a union man and join the ladies' auxiliary.Married life ain't hard when you got a union card,

A union man has a happy life when he's got a union wife.

Decline of the Unions

Corruption in the Unions› Teamsters

Organized Crime Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

› Right-to-work laws Banned mandatory Union membership

Why the decline in private sector?

1. Less blue-collar workers, more white collar

2. Outsourcing of manufacturing 3. Women in the Labor Force 4. Industries moved South 5. Goals of the Unions have been fulfilled

› Evidence: Laws for safety standards in workplace

Public sector unions have increased.

Vocabulary

Types of Workplaces› Closed Shop› Union Shop› Agency Shop

Vocabulary

Types of Workplaces› Closed Shop – hires only union members

Now illegal› Union Shop – will hire nonunion members

but requires membership after period of time

› Agency Shop – will hire nonunion members does not require membership Free-rider problem

Unions. Good or Bad?

Vocabulary

Collective Bargaining – union and company representatives meet to negotiate labor contract

Settlement Techniques› Mediation› Arbitration

Vocabulary

Collective Bargaining – union and company representatives meet to negotiate labor contract

Settlement Techniques› Mediation – a neutral mediator meets

with each side to try to find a solution that both sides will accept

› Arbitration – a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides

Collective Bargaining Agreement

Wages and Benefits Working Conditions Job Security

If CBAs are at a standstill› Strikes› Mediation› Arbitration

Case Study

Air-Traffic Controllers› Pg. 219

Activity

Draw a political/editorial cartoon depicting a union.› This can show unions in a positive or

negative light› You can use an event to portray

OR… Create a picket sign slogan

Homework

Ask a parent or grandparent to describe one of their first jobs.

Ask them:› How old were they?› What were the working conditions, the

pay, the hours?› How did they like the job? Their co-

workers? Take notes and be prepared to share

with your classmates.