® Foundations of XBRL: Organisation and Concepts Walter Hamscher...

®

Foundations of XBRL:Organisation and Concepts

Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Vice Chair, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers

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Summary

The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap

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The business reporting supply-chain

ExternalFinancialReporting

BusinessOperations

InternalFinancialReporting

Investment,Lending, andRegulation

Processes

Participants

AuditorsTradingPartners

Investors

FinancialPublishersand Data

Aggregators

Regulators

Software Vendors

ManagementAccountants

Companies

XBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRL

® Strategic Framework

InternalFinancialReporting

ExternalFinancial

Reporting

InternalBusiness

OperationsReporting

ExternalBusiness

PerformanceReporting

InternalInternalExternalExternal

FinancialFinancial

OperationalOperational

Today:XML Rendering

of existing GAAPReporting Standards

Future:XML supportingStandardized

Business EventVocabularies

Near Future:XML supporting

G/L LevelInformationExchangeStandards

Far Future:XML supporting

Emerging BusinessPerformance

Metrics

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Summary


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Reporting Environments

Active Consumer Controls all data

definitions (terms) Complex forms Advanced validation

Passive Consumer Must accommodate

variable definitions (terms)

Financial statements Common base

disclosures Industry, company and

segmented additional disclosures

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XBRL in Closed Processes

Public• Taxonomy• Formulas• Other links

Public• Taxonomy• Formulas• Other links

Re-validate

Re-validate

AnalysisAnalysis

Pre-validatePre-validate

Post-validatePost-validate

Private• Ratio formula

Private• Ratio formula

InstanceInstance

Instance with explanations

Instance with explanations

ConsumerProducer

Private• PolicyPrivate• Policy

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XBRL in Open Processes

Reporting

Reporting

XBRL

Doc

XBRL

Doc

Analysisand

Value-Add

Analysisand

Value-Add

Reporting

Reporting XBR

LDoc

XBRL

Doc

XBRL

Doc

XBRL

Doc

Analysis

AnalysisXBR

LDoc

XBRL

Doc

Private dataCompare to original

Aggregated

Benchmarking results

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Summary


®Extensibility Needs of XBRL as compared to other XML standards Invoice

Parties• Identifier• Address

Line Item• Item

Identifier Description

• Quantities• Amounts• Discounts

Taxes Delivery Terms

Depreciation Schedule Line Item

• Asset name• Asset category*• Value brought

forward**• Value limitation*• Period• Acquisition Date• Method*• Amount• Limitation*• Value carried forward**• Etc., etc., etc.

*Meaning varies according to accounting principles appropriate to purpose of information

** Name of otherwise identical concept varies by jurisdiction, not to mention native language

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Data (INSTANCE)

XBRL is the way that it is because business reporting concepts are extensible.

TaxonomyTaxonomy

ConceptConcept

Instance

Context

Context

XBRL Fundamentals Meta Data (TAXONOMIES)

Label and language

Reference

Definition

Presentation Hierarchy

Calculation Hierarchy

Data types, normal balance

Fact

Fact

Fact

FactFact

Concept

Concept

Concept

Concept

Concept

Concept

Unit

Unit

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Summary


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Validation Levels Data elements

“Five year residential loans” is represented by fdic:riad0348 Primitive data types

The value of riad0348 must be nine digits and not negative Compound data structures

A Maturity Breakdown must contain Loans, Securities and Derivatives

Calculated data values RIAC4410 = RIAC4411 + RIAC4412, plus or minus 10,000

Co-Constraints among data values: Formulas Box27 is True if and only if Box28 is the same as Box29

Cross-document constraints Var50 is True if Box28 is larger than any value ever reported.

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Summary


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XML Linking (XLink)

XLink is a W3C standard way to use XML to represent all kinds of relationships between XML elements no matter where they are.

XML Document 1 XML Document 2Linkbase

<P id=“a”>

<P id=“b”>

<P id=“c”>

b is the

same as c

b explain

s a

®XBRL uses XLink to represent the relationships between concept elements

<element id=“ast.inv”>

<element id=“ast.cur”>

Definition:more

general

<Label>Current Assets</Label>

label

<Label>Inventory</Label>

label

<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>

reference

Presentation:below

<element id=“ast.wip”>

®XLink allows customization and explicit, modular changes to reusable material

<element id=“ast.inv”>

<element id=“ast.cur”>

Definition:more

general

label

label

<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>

reference

Presentation:before

<element id=“ast.wip”>

<Label> </Label>

<Label> </Label>

存货

当前的财产

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Summary


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Specification and Guidance Stack

Legend

Level 1TechnicalFoundations

XBRL Specification

Level 2ModellingRules

Level 3UsageGuidance

Preparers’Guide

FinancialReportingTaxonomy

Architecture(FRTA)

GeneralLedger

RecommendationsPublic Working Drafts

Internal Working Drafts

LinkRole

Registry(LRR)

Dimensions

GCD

Versioning

XBRL Functions

Formula Linkbase

FinancialReportingInstance

Standards(FRIS)

FRTAGuide

Passive Consumer

Applications

Internal ReportingApplications

Active Consumer (Regulator)Applications

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Foundations of XBRL:Organisation and Concepts

Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Vice Chair, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers

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Abstract Why is XBRL the way it is? Returning to the

fundamental goals and requirements of XBRL, and tracing its evolution from origin to the present, provides the answer. The current package of specifications and modules, encompassing the XBRL 2.1 specification recommendation, functions, formulas, dimensions and versioning, together realises the vision we have all pursued. This talk will illustrate the interplay between XML Schema and XML Linking Language, as well as the relationship of "active consumer" versus "passive consumer" applications in the evolution of XBRL.

® Foundations of XBRL: Organisation and Concepts Walter Hamscher...

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