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jha;tPL • Xf];l; August 2013 - 66 -

ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpa E}y;fisg; ngUq;

fly;fshff; $WtJ kughFk;. njhy;fhg;-

gpag; ngUq;fly;Nghy; fk;gehldpd; njhlH

epiyr; nra;ASk; xU ngUq;flyhFk;.

Mz;by; tsu tsu ek; ,yf;fpar; nry;tq;

fisg; gbf;fg;gbf;fj; jkpohpd; gz;ghl;Lr;

rpd;dq;fisr; nry;Yk; ehLfs; NjhWq;

fhzf; fhzj; jkpo; kfd; vj;Jizg;

ngUQ; nrhj;Jf;fSf;F chpikahsdhfg;

gpwf;fpd;whd; vd;gJ tu tu ,d;De; njsp

thfpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. epidf;Fq;fhy;

jkpio ek; jha;nkhopahfj; je;j ,iwt

Df;F ehk; vj;Jiz ed;wp nrYj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;. ehk; rPduhfg; gpwe;jpUj;jy; $Lk;:

mnkhpf;fuhfg; gpwe;jpUj;jy; $Lk;. INuhg;

gpauhfg; gpwe;jpUj;jy; $Lk;. ,t;thwp-

Uf;f ,j;jkpo; jpUehl;by; gpwtp ngw;Wj;

jkpo; nkhopapd; jpj;jpf;Fk; ,d;dpiria

ek; ehtpd; euk;Gfshy; kPl;b ,d;Gw;WtUk;

ngUk; Ngw;wpidg; ngw;Ws;NshNk. ,JNt

Njhd;whj;Jiz ekf;F mUspa NguUk;

NgwhFk;.

jkpo; nkhopf;Fk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk;

cs;s jdpg;ngUQ; rpwg;Gf;fspy; gy;NtW

rka ,yf;fpaq;fSf;Fj; jkpo; jha;nkhop

ahf ,Uj;jy; cyfpy; Ntnwe;j nkhopf;Fk;

,y;yhj jdpr;rpwg;G. rk];fpUj nkhop

fPo;j;jpir rkaq;fSf;Fg; nghJ nkhopahf

xU fhyk; tpsq;fpw;W. mt;thNw ,yj;jPd;

nkhop Nkw;wpir kiwfSf;F xU fhyk;

nghJ nkhopahf mike;Js;sJ. Mdhy;

,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; ,e;J rkak;> Gj;j

rkak; Nghd;w rkaq;fisg; gw;wpa ,yf;

fpa E}y;fs; ,y;iy. rk];fpUjj;jpy;

fpwp];Jtpd; jpUkiw gw;wpa ,yf;fpa

E}y;fs; mhpJ. jkpopNyh fj;Njhypf;fUk;

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irtUk;> itztUk;> kfkjpaUk; ,yf;fpa

chpik ghuhl;Lk; ghd;ikfz;L fspg;Gwhj

jkpoDk; cz;Nlh! Kj;jkpo; Koq;Fk;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijAk;> Gj;jk; Nghw;Wk; kzp

NkfiyiaAk;> rkzj;ijr; rhw;Wk; rPtf

rpe;jhkzpiaAk;> rptdbahH rpe;jpf;Fk;

nghpa Guhzj;ijAk;> itztH tzq;-

Fk; fk;gH ,uhkhazj;ijAk;> kfkjpaH

kjpf;Fk; rPwhg;Guhzj;ijAk; fj;Njhypf;fH

fw;Fk; Njk;ghtzpiaAk; GNuhl;];lhz;lH

ghuhl;Lk; ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphPfj;ijAk;

jkpo; kf;fs; midtUk; jk; nghJr; nry;t

khfTk; fUJfpd;wdud;Nwh! ,g;gue;j

tphpe;j kdg;ghd;ik jkpo; ehl;by; ve;ehSk;

epiyahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ek; fhg;gpaq;fs;

rkar; rhHGiladthAk;. jkpoH ,tw;iw

,yf;fpaf; fz;zhy; Nehf;fpg; gbj;J>

,d;Gw;Wg; ngUk;tho;T ngWjy; mtH

flikahFk;.

fk;gd; xU ngUq;fly;,t;thz;L cyfk; vy;yhk; gutpapUf;Fk; jkpo; MHtyHfs; jdpehafk; mbfshhpd; E}w;whz;L tpohitf; nfhz;lhb mtiu

epidT $Hfpd;wdu;.

fpwp];Jtg; gzpf;F jd;id xg;Gf;nfhLj;J> gpd; jkpioj; JiwNghff; fw;W> jkpo;nkhopapd; njhd;ikiaAk; nrOikiaAk;cyfwpar;nra;J> jkpo; Kdptuhf kyHe;jtH jdpehafk; mbfshu;. gl;lq;fs; gyngw;W> gy nkhopfswpe;J> cyfj;jkpo;Muha;r;;rp epWtdj;ij epWtp mHj;jKs;s khehLfis elj;jpj; jkpo; nrOikAwj; Jiz epd;wtu;. Ambassador for Tamil vd,e;jpag; gj;jphpiffshy; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wtH. ,tH vOjpa Mf;fq;fs;> Ma;Tf;fl;Liufis ,d;iwa jkpo; thrfHfs; vy;NyhUk;thrpj;Njhu; vd;wpy;iy. fk;gdpd; ngUk; jkpo;g; Gyikf;fhfTk; jkpopd; ,dpikf;fhfTk; jd;idg; gwpnfhLj;jtu; mbfshu;.

jha; tPL thrfHfSf;fhfg; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; mtH> fk;gdpd; ftpeak; gw;wp vOjpa fl;Liunahd;iw kPs;gpuRuk; nra;fpd;Nwhk;.

njhlu;jy; 67k; gf;fk;

- jkpo;g;NguwpQH jdpehaf mbfs; -

jkpo;j;J}J

- 67 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; August 2013

,yf;fpak; jdpg;gl;l fiyad;W> ,yf;fpak;

Vida ftpd; fiyfSld;> gz;ghl;bd;

JiwfSld; neUq;fpa njhlHGs;sJ.

vdNt ,yf;fpaj;jpy; rpw;gf;

fiyapYk;> ehl;baf; fiyapYk; ePtpH eOttplhJ

fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lkhapd; mjid kPz;Lk;

ngWtjw;Fg; GJg;gpf;f Kay;tPuhf.)

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kPz;Lk; ngWtjw;F Kay Ntz;Lk;. ek;

gpjpHr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ahitnad;W czHjy;

ek; flik. gy;Nfhb nry;tKs;s kf;fs;

rpyH jk; nry;tk; vq;nfq;nfy;yhk; cs;sJ

vd;W mwpahJ tho;fpd;wdH. mtHfSila

nrayhsNu mjidf; fhg;ghw;wp tUfpd;

wdH. ehk; mt;thW gpwHf;F Nky; mf;

flikiar; Rkg;gJ nghUe;jkd;W. ehNk

mr;nry;tq;fisAk;> mr;nry;tq;fs; cs;s

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ehk; ,tw;iw mwptJld; ,tw;iwg; GJg;

gpj;Jk; ngUf;fpAk; cyfpw;Fk; ek; gpd;

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aq;fspy; me;Jg;gl;ljhff; fUjg;ngw;w

Vl;Lg;gpujpfs; rpytw;iwAk; mr;Rg;gpujpfs;

rpytw;iwAk; fz;Ls;Nsd;. ijyhz;Lf;F

(Thailand) ehd;F jpq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;wpUe;j nghOJ. NguhrpupaH kPdhl;rp Re;ju

dhH me;ehl;by; jpUntk;ghitj; jpUehisf;

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Njdhjyhy; mjidg; gw;wp Muha;e;J

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NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;W mtHfs; ‘jha;’ kd;-dhpd; gl;lr; rlq;fpYk; jpUntk;ghitj;

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mwpahjpUe;Jk; kunghd;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfj;

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jiytH gbj;jhH.

‘MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yh mUk; ngUQ; Nrhjpia ahk;ghlf; Nfl;NlAk;> thl;lq;fz;

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rpwe;j njhz;lhFk; vd;gJk; mwpQHf;F

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jhd;. nrUFftpfs; ghlNgjq;fs;. Vl;Lg;

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lNj fhuzkhFk;.

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mwpahj ehLfspYk; mtd; muR gutp-

As;sJ.

gy glyq;fspy; thy;kPfp thduHisg;

gphpj;Jr; rPijiaj; NjLk;gb mDg;Gk;

nra;jpia njd;jpirnahopa Vida jpir

fisg;gw;wp> fk;gd; xU ghl;by; RUf;fkh

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(Thailand) ,uhkhazj;ijg;gw;wp tpdtp-

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epiyehl;lg;ngw;Ws;sJ.

fk;gNd mwpahj

ehLfspYk; mtd;

muR gutpAs;sJ.

“”


jkpo;j;J}J

jha;tPL • Xf];l; August 2013 - 68 -dpehaf mbfs; ,yf;fpa Ma;tpy;

ghly;

mikg;G> GytuJ MSikfs; vd;gd

gw;wpa Ma;tpy; fpNuf;fk; - ,yj;jPd; nkhopg;

Gytu;fSld; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Ftij mt

jhdpf;fyhk;. rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fs; gw;wp

MuhAk; mbfshu; mtu;fisf; fy;tpr;

rhd;Nwhu;fshfNt fUJfpd;whu;. rhd;whf>

ghz;bad; Mupag;gil fle;j neLQ;-

nropad;

cw;Wop AjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk;

gpw;iw epiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;Nw

(Gwk;.183:1-2)

vdj; jhd; ghba ghlypNy fy;tpf;F Kjd;ik

mspg;gij Nehf;fyhk;. Gytu;fs;; r%fr;

rpw;gpfshf> r%fj;jpw;F ey;y mwT+l;Lgtu;

fshf ,Ug;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtu;fs; fy;tp

apw; rpwe;Njhuhff; fhzg;gl;ldu; vd;fpwhu;.

rq;ffhyj;jpy; fy;tpAk; ftpijAk; ,sk;

khzhf;fUf;Fg; Gfl;lg;gl;ld. Gytu; rpyu;

Ngu;ngw;w Mrpupau;fshfTk; tpsq;fpdu;.

Gytu;fs; fy;tp> Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;

fpajhy; jq;fs; rkfhyj;jtuhYk; ghul;

lg;gl;Ls;sdu;. cjhuzkhf fgpyu; vd;w

Gytiug; nghUe;jpypsq;fPudhu; tUkhW

ghuhl;Lfpwhu;:

nrWj;j nra;As; nra;nre; ehtpd;

ntWj;j Nfs;tp tpsq;FGfo;f; fgpyd;..

(Gwk; -53:11-12)

‘gy;NtW tplaq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa

nra;As;fis ,aw;Wk; nrt;tpa ehtpid

Ak;> kpf;f Nfs;tpQhdj;ijAk;> tpsq;fpa

GfioAKila fgpyd;’ vdg; ghuhl;lg;g

Ljy; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

rq;fg;Gytu;fs; Mz;ghw; Gytu;fshfTk;>

ngz;ghw; Gytu;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

mtu;fs; gpwe;j ,lq;fs; fpuhkq;fshf>

efuq;fshf> gl;bnjhl;bfshf> gyNtWgl;l

Cu;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. mtu;fs;

nra;j njhopy;fs; NtWgl;ldthf cs;sd.

Gytu;fs; mur Fyj;jpypUe;Jk;> cotu;

FbapypUe;Jk;> tzpftFg;gpypUe;Jk;> kw;

Wk; gy;NtW njhopy;fs; Gupgtu;fshfTk;

fhzg;gl;ldu;. GwehD}W ghba Gytu;fspd;

vz;zpf;if kl;Lk; 147 Mf cs;sJ.

,tu;fspy; 15 ngz;ghw;Gytu;fs; cs;sdu;.

11 muru;fs; Gytu;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;w

du;. NkYk; kUj;Jtu;> kuNtiy nra;

Nthu;> ,Uk;GNtiy nra;Nthu;;> kl;ghz;lj;

njhspyhsu; ,g;gb gy;tifj; njhopy;fs;

GupNthu; ftpij ,aw;Wk; Mw;wy; ngw;wp

Ue;jdu; vd;gJ mf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpiaAk;

ftpij ,aw;wpNahupd; MSikfisAk;

ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;;wd.

rq;fg;Gytu;fisr; rhd;Nwhu;fs; vd toq;

FtJ kughFk;. mtu;fsJ rhd;whz;ikf;

Fk;> cyf Nehf;fpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;

jit> mtu;fs; ngw;wpUe;j ,yf;fpaf;

fy;tpAk; r%f xg;Guthz;ikAk; MFk;.

rq;fg; Gytu;; kd;du;fisAk; ts;sy;f

isAk; rhu;e;J mtu;fs; toq;fpa gupRg;

nghUl;fs;> rd;khdk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;g

ilapy; mtu;fs; tho;e;J te;jdu;.

MapDk; mtu;fs; muru;fshYk; ngupNahu;

fshYk; cau; ,lj;jpy; itj;J kjpf;fg;

gl;ldu;. muru;fSf;fpilNa Nghu; - gif

Vw;gl;bUe;j Nghnjy;yhk; mtu;fisr;

rkd;nra;J> rPu;J}f;fpr; rkhjhdg;gLj;;Jk;

gzpapy; Gytu;fs; ngupJk; eldk;> ehlfk;

vd;w nghUs;fisf; Fwpf;fpd;w Ntu;r;nrhy;yp

ypUe;J gpwe;jjhFk;. ghzu; fhyj;jpNy

fiyfSk;> tPu xOf;ftpaYk;> ,irtsu;r;

rpAk;> ed;ndwpr;nry;tKk;> mwptpy; epiwTk;

Ngzg;gl;L te;jd. tPAfu xOf;ff;Nfhl;

ghl;bypUe;J gbg;gbahf cau;e;j cyfr;

rpe;jidfs; tsu;e;jpUe;jd. ghzu;fs;

vg;NghJk; jk; FLk;gj;JlDk; jd; FOTl

Dk;;> fiyg;gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

ghzu; jk; FOTld; mitNahiu kfpo;T+l;

Ltu;> ebg;gu;> ghLtu;> eldk;Guptu;> ,irf;

fUtpfSld; vg;NghJk; nry;tu;. ghzu;>

r%fj;jpd; Fuyhfj;njhdpg;gu;. ghzu;; kf;f

Sf;F kfpo;r;rp Cl;LtijNa Fwpf;Nfhsh

ff;nfhz;baq;fpdu;. ghzh; vg;NghJk; kd;

du;> ts;sy;> tPuu; MfpNahiug; Gfo;e;J

ghLtJk;> tPu mwpTiufSld; $ba tPu

czu;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; ,irg;ghly;fis

,irg;gJk; tof;fk;. ghzu; gil tPuu;fSf;F

Cf;fj;ij Cl;lg;Nghu;f;fsj;jpYk;; fhzg;

gLtu;.

Gyth; vd;w nrhy;> nghJmwpT> gFj;jwpT>

fy;tp Nghd;w nghUl;fisj; jUfpd;w Ntu;r;

nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jjhFk;. Gytu;fs;>

ghzu;; Nghyd;wpj; jdpj;Nj jk; gzpia

Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ghzu; ghl;birj;J mit

Nahiu kfpo;tpf;fg; GytNuh mjpfhuk;

ngw;wtu; Nghd;W jk; nra;As;fshy; kf;

fSf;F mwpTiu Gfl;Ltu;. Gytu;;fs;

fy;tpapYk; mwptpYk; rpwe;;J fhzg;gl;l

du;. rpwe;j nra;As;fs; GidAk; jpwd; ngw;W

tpsq;fpdu;. Gytu;fs;; jk;ngaiu Kd;dpWj;jp

jk; nrhe;j mDgtq;fisAk; r%fj;jpy;

jhk; fz;lwpe;j tplaq;fisAk; mtjhdpj;J>

kf;fSf;F ey;ydtw;iwg; Nghjpf;Fk;

tifapy; nra;As;fis ,aw;wp> kf;fs; kj;

jpapy; mtw;iwg;gug;gpdu;. nrhe;jg; ngaup

NyNa ghf;fis ,aw;wpdu;. ,tu;fs; nghJ

thf muz;kidfspNyNa fhzg;gLtu;.

rpy rkaq;fspy; jk;Kila rf Gytu;fSl

Dk; mwpQu;fSlDk; fhzg;gLtu;. Gytu;fs;

muru;fisg; Gfo;e;J ghbaNghjpYk;> kdpj

xOf;fj;jpw;Fr; rhu;e;;jijAk;> mwnewpf;F

cfe;jijANk ghbdu;. Gytu;fSf;Fg;

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ,lkpy;iy. Mdhy; rpy

Ntisfspy;> mikjpapd; J}Jtu;fshf>

murdpd; ez;guhf> murDf;Fj;jk; tpRthrj;

ijf; fhl;Lk; KiwapYk; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;ldu;.

rq;fg;Gytu; tho;e;j fhyk; jkpo;g;gz;ghLk;>

fy;tpAk; tsu;e;jpUe;j fhykhfNt mike;

jpUe;jJ vd;gijr; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpYs;s

vl;Lj;njhif %yk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. Gytu;fs;

vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;ldu;.

Kjy; ,U rq;fq;fspy; 4140 Gytu;fs;

tho;e;jdu; vd ,iwadhu; fstpy; Fwpg;gpL

fpwJ. Nf.vd;. rptuhrgps;is xU jiy

Kiwf;F 40 Gytu; vd;w mbg;gilapy;

459 Gytu;fs; filr;rq;ffhyj;jpy; tho;e;j

jhff; fzpj;Jj;jk; E}ypy;; tpsf;fpAs;shu;.

jdpehafmbfs; Gytu;fspd; vz;zpf;if gw;

wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> muz;kidfspy; $ba

Gytu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaAk;> mf;fhyj;

jpy; fy;tp fw;Fk;Kiw ftpijf; fiyahf

,Ue;jijAk; Nehf;Fk;NghJ> xU jiy

Kiwf;F 40 Gytu;fs; vd;w vz;zpf;if

kpff; FiwthFk; vd;Wk;> rq;f fhyj;Jg;

Gytu;fspd; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gFjpfs; gy

mope;jijAk; kdjpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

vd;gu;. vdNt> rq;f fhyj;jpy; 500 f;Fk;

Nkw; gl;l Gytu; tho;e; jpUf;fNtz;Lk;

vd;gNj mbfshupd; fUj;jhFk;. mz;ik

apy; K. mg;gh];ke;jpup (2006) vd;w ,yf;fpa

Ma;thsu;> 552 rq;fg;Gytu;fspd; ngau;-

fis ntspapl;Ls;sik mbfshupd;

fUj;ij NkYk; typAWj;JtjhFk;.

rq;ffhyj;jpy; Gytu;;fSf;Fupa gzpfSk;

r%fj;jpy; kpFjpahfNt fhzg;gl;ld.

Gytu;fs; jk; fhyj;jpy; r%jhaj;jpw;F Mw;

wpa kuGrhu; fy;tpAk;> kuGrhu;gw;w fy;tp

Ak; Vuhsk;. mtu;fSila kuG rhu;gw;w

fy;tp (Informal Education) mwnewp topfhl;bahfTk;> rKjhaj;jpd; rl;lj;ij toq;

FtjhfTk;> rKjhaj;jpd; MNyhrfuhfTk;

mike;jd. ‘jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpy; jkpo;g;Gy

tu;fs; ngw;wpUe;j rpwg;G ,lq;fisr; rq;f

,yf;fpaq;fs; %yk; ehk; mwpayhk;. muz;

kidfspYk; tpUe;JfspYk; mtu;fis

tuNtw;W nfsutpj;jhu;fs;. murpay; tptfh

uq;fspy; mbf;fb jiyapl;lhu;fs;. vjpupf

spd; giltypik fz;Lk;> Nghuhy; tpisAk;

jPikfz;Lk; Nghiuj; jLf;Fk;gb muru;f

Sf;F mwpTiu toq;fpdhu;fs;. jkpo; muru;

xw;Wikf;fhfg; ngupJk; cioj;jhu;fs;.

muru;fSf;fpilNa xw;Wikia tsu;j;jhu;

fs;’ vdTk; mbfs; tpsf;Ftu;. muru;fs;

jtwpioj;jNghJ mjidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b

jPu;T fz;lhu;fs;. Nrhod; FsKw;wj;Jj;

JQ;rpa fps;sptstd; cotu;fSf;F vjpuhf

gSthd tupia tpjpj;jpUe;jhd;. me;j

tupr;Rikiaf; fz;bj;J> nts;isf;Fb

ehfdhu; vd;w Gytu; tupiaf;Fiwf;Fk;gb

murid Ntz;Ltij> ‘ehLnfO nry;tj;

Jg; gPLnfO Nte;Nj... (Gwk;:35) vd;w ghly;

tpsf;FfpwJ. NkYk; muru;fSf;Fk; Gytu;

fSf;Fk; kpf neUq;fpa el;Gk; cwTk;

Ngzg;gl;ld vd;gjw;Ff; Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhod;

tlf;fpUe;J cz;zhNehd;gpUe;J khz;lhd;

vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lJk;> me;j

murdJ cw;w ez;guhd gprpuhe;ijahu;

vd;w GytUk; tlf;fpUe;J mtu; nghUl;L

capu;ePj;j nra;jpAk; neQ;irj;njhLfpd;wJ.

(Gwk;: 214 -253).

rq;ffhyj;jpy; Itif epy mbg;gilapy;

KUfd;> jpUkhy;> ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> nfhw;

wit Mfpa nja;tq;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpf

Sk;> KOKjw; flTshfr; rptDk; Fwpg;

gplg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,aw;ifia ek;gp ,aw;if

NahL tho;e;j kf;fSf;F rka newpfisg;

Nghjpf;fNtz;ba Njitmf;fhyg;GytUf;F

,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhNyNa rq;fg;Gytu;fs;

kjk; rhu;e;j ghlYf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

nfhLf;ftpy;iy. ,NjNghd;w epiyg;ghL

jhd; fpNuf;fehl;by; tho;e;j Gytu;fSf;Fk;

,Ue;jJ vd;gijj; jdpehaf mbfs; Rl;

bf;fhl;Lth;. fpwp];Jf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;

,U ehLfspYk; Gytu;fNs kf;fSf;F

ed;ndwpiag; Gfl;bdh; vd;gij mbfshu;

mOj;jkhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. mt;tifapy;

mwk; rhu;e;j fUj;Jf;fis rq;fg;Gytu;fs;

kf;fSf;F kpf vspjpy; tpsq;fj;jf;ftif

apy; mwpTiufshf> gy;NtW nra;As;fspy;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik Nehf;fj;jf;fJ: c-k;:

“,k;ikr; nra;jJ kWikf;fhk; vDk;..”

(Gwk; 134:1)

“kd;dh Tyfj;J kd;Djy; Fwpj;Njhu;

jk;Gfo; epwP,j; jhk; kha;e;jdNu...”

(Gwk; 165:1-2)

“cz;lh yk;k,t; Tyfk;...”

(Gwk;: 182)

rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fs; vt;thW mwj;ij

kf;fSf;Fg; Nghjpj;jdu; vd;gjw;Fg; Gw

ehD}w;wpd; rpy ghly;tupfs; NkNy jug;

gl;Ls;sd. gy;ytu; fhyj;Jg; gf;jpg; ghly;

fspy; flTspd; jpUTUtk; kw;Wk; mtuJ

mUl;nray;fs; vd;gd ghlg;gl;lik Nghd;W

rq;fg;Gytu; ghltpy;iy. jpUf;Fws; ehyb

ahu; Nghd;W mwf; fUj;Jf;fisr; rq;fr;

rhd;Nwhu; kf;fSf;Fj; jpzpf;fTk; ,y;iy.

mt;tg;NghJ tho;tpay; gw;wpg; ghLk;NghJ

kl;LNk mwepiy tho;f;if gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;

jdpehaf mbfspd; Ma;T

Nehf;fpy; rq;f fhyg; Gytu;fs;

- ,. ghyRe;juk; -


jkpo;j;J}Jj

- 69 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; August 2013

d; cyfpd; gy;NtW ehLf

Sf;Fr; nrd;wjd; gadhfTk;

gpw nkhopfisAk; mtw;wpd;

,yf;fpaq;fisAk; xUthW

fw;wwpe;jjd; gadhfTk; jkpopyf;fpak;>

jkpo;g;gz;G> jkpo;f;fiy> jkpo;tuyhW

Kjypatw;iw cyfpy; vt;tstpw;Fg; gug;g

Ntz;Lnkd;W xU rpwpJ czu;e;Js;Nsd;.”

,J jdJ gazq;fspd; gad; Fwpj;J

jdpehafk; mbfs; $wpa $w;whFk;.

jkpopd; rpwg;Gf;fis cyfpy; gug;gNtz;ba

jkpo;j;J}jpd; mtrpaj;ij mtUf;F czu;j;

jpaJ mtu; Nkw;nfhz;l cyfg;gazq;fNs.

jkpo;j;J}J vd;gJ jkpo;nkhopapdJk; jkpo;

kf;fspdJk; fyhrhuk;> ehfupfk;> fiy

kw;Wk; ,yf;fpak; Kjyhd gy;NtW rpwg;Gf;

fis cyfpd; gyehLfspYk; ntspehl;

ltupilNa gug;Gjy; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

mNjNtis gpwehLfspd; fiy ,yf;fpa

ehfupf kw;Wk; nkhopf;$Wfis jkpo;kf;

fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;tijAk; ,J cs;s

lf;Fk;.

jdpehafk; mbfs; jkpopd; jdpr;rpwg;Gf;fis

cynfq;Fk; gug;gpatu;. jd; ntspehl;Lg;

gazq;fis jkpopd; rpwg;Gf;fisg; gug;Gt

jw;fhd gazq;fshf mtu; jpl;lkpl;Lg;

gzpGupe;jhu;. nrd;w ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk;

jkpo;nkhopapdJk; jkpouJ fiy fyhrhu

r%fg; ghuk;gupaq;fspdJk; Ntu;fSk;> fpis

fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wdth vd;W Njlyhdhu;.

me;j ehLfspd; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fSf;Fk;

nkhopg; gad;ghl;bw;Fk; jkpOf;Fk; cs;s

njhlu;Gfis xg;gpl;L Muha;e;jhu;. ,e;j

mauhj NjlYk;> Muha;r;rpfSk;> xg;gpl;L

Nehf;Fk; jpwDk; jkpo; nkhopf;Fk; jkpoUf;

Fk; ngUik Nru;g;gdthf mike;jJld;

Ntw;Wnkhop mwpQu;fs; jkpo;nkhopr;rpwg;ig

,dq;fhzTk; mit gw;wpa Muha;r;rpapy;

J}z;lg;ngwTk; fhuzkhapd.

,jdhy;jhd; jkpo;j;J}J vd mtu; rpwg;Gg;

ngauhy; miof;fg;gLk; ngUikf;F cupa-

tuhdhu;.

gazq;fs; vg;NghJNk mtuJ tpUg;Gf;Fup

adthf ,Ue;jikia ‘GJ ,lq;fSf;Fr;

nry;tjpYk;> GJ kf;fisf; fhz;gjpYk;

gioa gz;ghLfspd; epiyf;fsd;fisg;

ghu;itapLtjpYk; mstw;w ,d;gj;ijg;

ngw;WtUfpd;Nwd;’ vdTk;> ‘gpuahzg; gof;

fk; mwpit tsu;j;J tpuptilar; nra;Ak;.

Mjyhy; mjid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;’

vd;w $w;wpypUe;J czu KbfpwJ.

21 tajpy; 1934y; cNuhk; efiu Nehf;fpa

gazk; mtuJ tho;tpy; gy Vw;wq;fisAk;

khw;wq;fisAk; juf; fhuzkha; mike;jJ.

jkpo;j;J}J jdpehafkhf mtu; cUthtjw;

fhd mbj;jskhf ,g;gazk; mike;jJ.

FUj;Jtg; gbg;gpw;fhf> cNuhkpy; fw;wfhyj;

jpy; (1934 – 1939) mq;F mg;NghJ gapd;Wnfhz;bUe;j(vl;Lj;) jkpou;fSld; Nru;e;J

‘tPukh Kdptu; fofk;’ Muk;gpj;J elj;jpdhu;.

mt;Ntis tj;jpf;fhd; thndhyp epiyaj;

jpypUe;J jkpopy; xyp gug;Gk; tha;g;gpidg;

gyKiw mtu; ngw;whu;.

,j;jhyp> kNyah> [g;ghd;> If;fpamnkupf;fh>

njd;mnkupf;fhtpYs;s gdhkh>

ngU> rpyp> Mu;[d;Bdh> cUFNt> gpNurpy;>

nkf;rpf;Nfh> Nkw;fpe;jpa jPTfshd l;updp

lhl;> [Nka;f;fh> khu;j;jPdpf; kw;Wk; tl

Mgpupf;fh> eLMgpupf;fh> gy];jPd;> vfpg;J

vdg; gy ehLfSf;F mtu; nrd;Ws;shu;.

jhd; nrd;w ehLfspy; jkpopd; ngUikiag;

giw rhw;Wtjpy; mtu; gpd;dpd;wjpy;iy.

mj;Jld; jkpo; njhlu;ghd Mtzq;fisj;

NjLtjpYk; mauhJ cioj;jhu;.

tj;jpf;fhd; E}y; epiyaj;jpy; gioa ,e;jpa

E}y;fis Muha;e;jNghJ mtuhy; fz;L

gpbf;fg;gl;lNj Flos Sanctorum Gsre;Njhu;vdg;gLk; ‘fj;Njhypf;f jpUj;njhz;lu; tu

yhW’ E}yhFk;. 16k; E}w;whz;by; Gd;idf;

fhaypy; mr;rplg;gl;l ,e;E}y;> ];ghdpa Kd;

DiuAld; 660 gf;fq;fisAilajhf ,Ue;

jikia mtu; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. ,e;j

E}iyf; fz;Lgpbj;jikiaapl;L mtu;

jdJ kfpo;r;rpia gpd;tUkhW ntspg;gLj;jp

dhu;:

“ehd; INuhg;ghtpw;Fg; gd;Kiw nrd;wjhy;

Vw;gl;l nghUl;nrytpw;Fk; vLj;jKaw;rpf;Fk;

,e;E}nyhd;iwf; fz;Lnfhz;lNj Nghjpa

ifk;khwhFk; vd;W fUJfpd;Nwd;’

jtpuTk; ,Nj E}yfj;jpy; 17k; E}w;whz;by;

mk;gyf;fhl;by; mr;rplg;ngw;w Nghu;j;Jf;fPR

jkpo; - jkpo;Nghu;j;Jf;fPr mfuhjpapd; mr;Rg;

gpujpiaf;fz;lhu;. me;jhk; b g;Nunad;rh

(Antam De Proenca 1625 – 1666) vd;Dk;NaR rigj;Jwtp ,aw;wpa ,t;tfuhjp gw;wp

,jw;F Kd;du; vtUk; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;ftpy;iy

vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,Nj mfuhjpapd;

ifnaOj;Jg;gpujpia ghuprpYs;s Njrpa

E}yfj;jpy; fz;l mbfshu; ,jd; Kf;fp

aj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;j tpUk;gp kNyrp

ahtpy; 1966y; eilngw;w KjyhtJ jkp

ohuha;r;rp khehl;by; ,t;tfuhjpapid xspg;

glg;gjpg;G Kiwapy; ntspapl;lhu;.

jkpopd; gy mr;R E}y;fis cyfpw;F

ntspg;gLj;jpatu; mbfNs. jkpo;j;J}jpid

Kd;dpWj;jpa mtuJ ntspehl;Lg;gazq;

fNs mjidr;rhj;jpakhf;fpaJ. ,tw;Ws;

fhu;j;jpyh (Cartilha)> jk;gpuhd;tzf;fk;>fpwp];jpahdptzf;fk;; Mfpa %d;W E}y;

fs; Kf;fpakhdit.

fhu;j;jpyh vd;Dk; E}y;> jkpo; vOj;Jf;f

isf;nfhz;L mr;rplg;glhky; jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;

Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa vOj;Jf;fspy; xyp ngau;j;J

vOjg;gl;ljhfTk; nrhy;Yf;Fr;nrhy; Nghu;j;

Jf;Nfa nkhopngau;g;Gld; mike;jjhfTk;

tpsq;FtJ. 1554y; mr;rplg;gl;l ,e;E}iy

1954y;; Nghu;j;Jf;fy; ehl;bd; yp];gd; efupy;

mbfs; fz;lwpe;J ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;.

Doctrina Christam vd;w jiyg;gpy; (fpwp];Jtg;gbg;gpid) khu;f;Nfh]; N[hu;[; mbfs;

Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa nkhopapy; vOjpa E}iy

n`d;wpf; n`d;wpf;f]; mbfSk; gPw;wu;

kDNty; mbfSk; ,ize;J nkhopngau;j;

jdu;. jk;gpuhd; tzf;fk; vd nkhopngau;g;

ghsu;fshy; ,J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 16 gf;

fq;fisAila ,e;E}y; Nfusj;jpYs;s

nfhy;yk; vd;Dk;Cupy; 1578y; mr;rplg;gl;lJ.

,jd; xNunahU gpujpahf mg;NghJ `thu;l;

gy;fiyf;fof E}yfj;jpy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;

bUe;j gpujpapd; xspg;glg;gpujpia jdpeh

afk; mbfs; ngw;W mJ gw;wp fl;Liu vO

jpaNghJjhd; jkpofk; ,e;E}iyg; gw;wp

mwpe;jJ. ,e;jpahtpy; mr;NrwpaKjy; jkpo;

E}yhff; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s ,e;E}iy

ntspf;nfhzu;e;j ngUik mbfisNa

rhUk;.

fpwp];jpahdp tzf;fk; vd;Dk; E}y;> 1579y;

nfhr;rpapy; n`d;wpf;n`d;wpf;f]; mbfshy;

jkpopy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;L mr;rplg;gl;lJ.

,JTk; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa nkhopapNyNa vOjg;

gl;lJ. fpwp];jtj;jpd; mbg;gil cz;ik

fis tpdh tpil tbtpy; ,J $Wfpd;wJ.

122 gf;fq;fisf;nfhz;l ,e;E}ypd; gpujp

gpuhd;rpYs;s nrhu;Nghd; gy;fiyf;fof

E}yfj;jpypUe;J njhiye;jjhfTk; Vw;

fdNt vLf;fg;gl;l xspg;glg;gpujpapid

J}j;Jf;Fb Mau; Nuhr; Mz;lifaplkpUe;J

ngw;W vLf;fg;gl;l gpujpapid `thu;l;

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;F mbfNs nfhLj;J

gpujpfs; vLf;fr; nra;jhu; vdTk; mwpa

Kbfpd;wJ.

vdNtjkpopd; xyptbtKjy; mr;RE}iyAk;

(fhj;jpyh)> jkpo;nkhopapd; Kjy; (tuptb

tk;) mr;RE}iyAk; (jk;gpuhd; tzf;fk;)

mwpQUyfj;jpw;F njupag;;gLj;jpatu; mbfNs.

[g;ghDf;F mtu; Nkw;nfhz;l gazk;> gy;

NtW tiffspy; jkpo;j;J}jpid tYTs;s

jhf;fpaJ.

[g;ghdpankhop jkpiog;Nghy xl;Lepiy

nkhop vd;gij ntspg;gLj;jp ,J gw;wpa

Ma;tpw;Fj; J}z;bdhu;.

`tha;j; jPtpw;fhd gazk; jkpo;j;J}jpd;

,d;DnkhU iky; fy;yhFk;. rq;ffhyg;

gof;f tof;fq;fSf;F epfuhd tof;fq;fs;

mq;F ,lk;ngWtjid xg;gpl;Lf; $wpdhu;.

jkpo;j;J}Jg; gazq;fspd; kw;WnkhU

tpisNt mtuhy; 1964y; epWtg;gl;l cyfj;

jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdkhFk;. fPioj;Njr

ehLfspd; kfhehL by;ypapy; $banghOJ

jkpOf;nfd cyF jOtpa tifapy; Ma;

tpw;fhd epWtdk; xd;wpd; Njitia mtu;

czu;e;jhu;. jd;dk;gpf;ifAlDk; tplh

Kaw;rpAlDk; mjidr;rhj;jpakhf;f cyF

jOtpa Nehf;Nf fhuzkha; mike;jJ.

nghJr; nrayhsuhftpUe;J ,jd; %yk;

,tu; elhj;jpa midj;Jyf jkpo; Muha;r;rp

kfhehLfs; mLj;Jr; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wd.

KjyhtJ kfhehL mbfspd; jiyikapy;

1966y; kNyahtpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. 21 ehLfsp

ypUe;J mwpQu;fs; ,k;kfhehl;by; fye;J

nfhz;ldu;.

njhlu;e;J 1968y; nrd;idapy; ,uz;lhtJ

kfhehLk;> 1970y; ghuprpy; %d;whtJ kfheh

Lk;> 1974y; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ehd;fhtJ

kfhehLk;> 1981y; kJiuapy; Ie;jhtJ

kfhehLk; elj;jg;ngw;wd. mbfs; Kjy;

ehd;F kfhehLfspYk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld;

gq;Fnfhz;lhu;.

jkpo;,yf;fpak;> jkpo;nkhop vd;gd gw;wp

MuhAk; cupik jkpou;f;F kl;LNk cupaJ

vd;gij jfu;j;njwpe;J jkpouy;yhNjhUk;;

jkpo;nkhop Muha;r;rpg; gzpfspy; jkpo; ,yf;fp

aj;ijAk; jkpo; ,yf;fzj;ijAk; gw;wpa

jhfNt jkpohuha;r;rp fUjg;gl;L te;j epiy

ikia khw;wp jkpo;kf;fspd; tuyhW>

gz;ghL> rkak;> jj;Jtk;> njhy;nghUsp

ay;> gpwehl;ltu; njhlu;G> nkhopapay;

Kjyhd gy JiwfspYk; jkpohuha;r;rp

tpupe;J nry;y top tFj;jik> ,e;jpahtpd;

mbg;gilg; gz;ghl;ilAk; caupa fiyf

isAk; Gupe;Jnfhs;s jkpo;nkhopiaf;

fw;f Ntz;ba ,d;wpaikahikia czur;

nra;jik> ahUk; nra;jpuhj ngupastpy;

INuhg;gh> mnkupf;fh> Mrpah Mfpa fz;lq;

fspYs;s jkpo;nkhop mwpQu;fis xd;W

$l;b cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lik

Mfpad ,e;j Muha;r;rp kfhehLfshy;

tpise;Js;s gad;fshFk;.

Mf jkpo;ehl;bw;Fk; ,e;jpa vy;iyfSf;Fk;

mg;ghy; jkpopd; rpwg;ig nfhz;L nrd;wjd;

%yk;jhd; ,it ele;Njwpd. ,jw;F mtuJ

J}Jiug;gzp kfj;jhd gq;fspg;ig ey;fpap

Ue;jJ.

mnkupf;fhtpy; tpupTiufs; %ykhfTk;>

thndhyp %ykhfTk;> nra;jpj;jhs; %ykh

fTk; jkpopd; rpwg;Gf;fisg; gug;gpdhu;.

If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpy; Xuhz;by; jkpiog;

gw;wp ,UE}W tpupTiufis mtu; epfo;j;jp

ajhf mtNu Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

jha;yhe;jpw;Fr; nrd;wpUe;jnghOJ Nfhap-

nyhd;wpy; mtu;fSila kd;dupd; Kb

#l;L tpohtpy; ghLk; jkpo;g;ghf;fs; gw;wp

tpdtpanghOJ fpue;jj;jpYk; jha; (Tai)nkhopapYk; vOjg;gl;bUe;j rpy VLfis

mtu; gbj;Jf;fhl;bajhfTk; mit khzpf;f

thrfupd; ‘MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yh mUk;

ngUk; Nrhjpia’ vdj;njhlq;Fk; jpUntk;

ghitapd; KjypU nra;As;fSkhFk; vdj;

jhk; mwpe;J nfhz;ljhfTk; mbfs; Fwpg;

gpl;Ls;shu;.

jha;yhe;J. fk;Nghbah Nghd;w fpof;fhrpa

ehLfSf;Fk; jkpofj;jpw;FKs;s fyhrhu>

jdpehafk; mbfshupd; jkpo;j;J}Jg;gzpfs;


-W}gp tyd;uPdh gpuhd;rp]; -

jkpo;j;J}J“eh

jha;tPL • Xf];l; August 2013 - 70 -

nkhopj;njhlu;Gfisg; gw;wp vLj;Jiuj;J

Ma;Tf;Fj; J}z;bdhu;.

,Jkl;Lkpd;wp jkpoupd; fiyfs; njhlu;ghd

tplaq;fisAk; jk; gazq;fspy; mtu;

typAWj;jj; jtwtpy;iy. fl;blf;fiy>

Xtpaf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy> ,irf;fiy>

ehl;baf;fiy Kjyhdtw;wpd; rpwg;Gf;fis

Ak; ntspehl;Lg;gazq;fspy; gug;gp te;jhu;.

jkpo;j;J}jpw;nfd;W Ntw;W ehL nry;Nthu;

,aw;ifahd mwpTk;> fz;lhu; tpUk;Gk;

Njhw;wg;nghypTk;> gyNuhLk; gyfhYk;

Muhag;gl;l njspe;j fy;tpAk; vd %d;

wpYk; rpwe;jtu;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w

ts;Stupd; fUj;jpid typAWj;Jk; mbfs;

,tw;Wld; jhk; nry;Yk; mt;Ntw;W ehLfspy;

mt;Ntw;Wnkhopia ed;whfg;Ngrj; njupe;j

tuhfTk; Nkilf;fiy ty;YeuhfTk; ,Uj;

jy; Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

Nkw;$wpa gz;Gfis mbfs; ngw;wpUe;jik

jkpo;j;J}Jg;gzpf;F mtUf;Fg; NgUjtpahf

,Ue;jd. ,g;gz;Gfs; mtuJ MSikia

tpUj;jp nra;J gue;j Nehf;Fld; nraw;g

lTk; cyf muq;fpd; gy;NtW nkhop

NgRk; Njrq;fSf;F jkpopd; ngUikiag;

gug;gTk; mtUf;Ff; if nfhLj;jd.

“may;ehl;Lj; njhlu;ghYk; may;nkhopg;

gapw;rpahYk; ek; ehl;L nkhopg;gw;W edp

rpwe;J tsu;fpd;wJ. gpwnkhopfSld; jkp

ior; rPu; J}f;fpg; ghu;f;Fk; Ngw;wpidAk;

milfpd;Nwhk;.” vd mtu; $WtJ Fwpg;

gplj;jf;fJ.

“,d;W ,J mtrpakhdJ. jkpOf;F ,d;W

Vw;gl;Ls;s ,d;dy;fs;> gifik ,tw;iwg;

Gwq;fhZk; fUtp jkpo;j;J}J Kurpd; xyp

xd;Nw vd ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.” vd jkpo;j;

J}jpd; mtrpak; gw;wp mbfshu; Fwpg;gpL

fpd;whu;. ,jd; %yk; ,g;gzp njhlug;gl

Ntz;baJ vd;gij mtu; typAWj;jpAs;shu;.

‘cyfk; ngUtho;T milAkhW ehkidt

Uk; xUq;F Nru;e;J ciog;gNj ,t;tofpa

nkhopia ekf;Fj; jha;nkhopahfj; je;j

,iwtDf;F ehk; fhl;Lk; ed;wpj; njhz;

lhFk;.’ vd;w mtuJ nghd; nkhop cyf

Nehf;FilaJ.

cynfq;Fk; cs;s jkpo; mwpQu;fisAk;

jkpo;nkhop Muha;r;rpahsu;fisAk; xd;W

jpul;b cyfj;jkpuha;r;rp kfhehLfis elj;

jpa jdpehafk; mbfSf;F ,d;W cy

nfq;fpYk; gue;J thOk; jkpo; mwpQu;f

shYk; jkpo;; Muhar;;rpahsu;fshYk;

E}w;whz;L epidT nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wik

mtuJ gzpf;Ff;

fpilj;j gadhFk;.

Gyikj;jpwNd fhzg;gLfpwJ.

rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fSs;Ns xsitahu;

rpwe;jtu;;;. muz;kidfspy; nry;thf;Fg;

ngw;wtu;;;. muru;fSlDk; FWepy kd;du;f

SlDk; el;GwT nfhz;lhbatu;. mtu;

jkpo;r; r%fj;jpd; Mw;wy; kpf;f fy;tpahs

uhfTk; jpfo;e;jhu;;. Mz;ghw; Gytu;fsJk;

ngz;ghw; Gytu;fsJk; ngau;fSk; njhopy;

fSk;> jkpo;ehl;by; fy;tpAk; ftpijAk;

xU jdp tFg;gpdUf;Nfh> Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy;

nra;fpd;wtu;fSf;Nfh kl;Lk; nrhe;jky;y

vd;gij ep&gpf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; vy;NyhUk;

jq;fs; mwpitAk; rpe;jidiaAk; czu;T

fisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w> Vw;Wf;nfhs;

sg;gl;l tbtkhfr; nra;Aisf;ifahz;ldu;

vd mbfshu; $Wtu;. Gytu;;> ghzu;> muru;>

FWepy kd;du; MfpNahu;; mbf;fb re;jpj;J>

jkpo; ehl;by; gz;ghL> nkhop> ,yf;fpa

xUikg;ghL vd;gtw;iw epiyf;fg;gz;zp

du;. muru;> FWepy kd;du;; MfpNahupilNa

xw;WikAk; Gupe;Jzu;Tk; epiyahd muRk;

epyTtjw;Fg; Gytu; ngupJk; ghLgl;ldu;

vd;w fUj;ijAk; mbfs; Fwpg;gpLtu;.

rq;fg;Gytu;fs; ghbg; guprpy; ngWk; tho;f;

ifia Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhYk; rKjhaj;jpy;

nfsutkhd ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. muru;

fs;> ts;sy;fs; vd;Nghu; Gytu;fSf;Fupa

kjpg;igAk; gupRfisAk; cupaNtisf

spy; nfhLf;fhJtpl;lhy;> Gytu;fs; mtu;f

isf;fbe;J nfhs;Sk; msTf;Fg; GyikAk;;

r%f mq;fPfhuKk; ngw;wpUe;jdu; vd;gjw;Fg;

GwehD}W 162k; ghly; rhd;whFk;:

,sntspkhd; vd;Dk; murdplk; ghbg;guprpy;

ngwr;nry;fpwhu; ngUQ;rpj;jdhu; vd;w Gytu;.

murNdh> Gytiu cupathW kjpj;Jg; gup

rpy; toq;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; rPw;wk; nfhz;l

Gytu; ,d;ndhU murid ehbdhu;. mk;

kd;dd; ngUk; nghUl;fSld; ahidia

Ak; guprpyhf toq;fpdhd;. mtw;iw mg;

gbNa nfhz;Lte;;J> jd;id mtkjpj;j

,sntspkhdpd; fhty; kuj;jbapy;; itj;J

tpl;L ahidiaAk; fhty; kuj;jpy; fl;b

tpl;Lr;nrd;whu; mg;Gytu;. ,J murid

mtkjpf;Fk; nrayhFk;. ,JNghd;Nw

xsitahUf;Fk; xU re;ju;g;gk; Neupl;lJ.

xsitahu; xUehs; mjpakhd; neLkhdQ;

rpaplk; guprpy; ngwr;nrd;whu;. xsitahu;

kPJs;s kjpg;Gk;> md;Gk; fhuzkhf kd;dd;

mtiuj;;jd; khspifapy; rpy ehl;fs; jq;f

itf;f epidj;J guprpy; toq;ff; fhyk;

jho;j;jpdhd;. Mdhy; jd;id clNd

murd; nfsutpf;fhjgbahy; Mj;jpuq;nfh

z;l xsitahu;> mur thapw;fhg;Nghid

tpspj;Jg;ghba ghlypd; rpy tupfis

Nehf;fyhk;:

‘thap NyhNa thap NyhNa...

fLkhd; Njhd;wy; neLkhdQ;rp

jd;dwp ayd;nfhy; vd;dwp ayd; nfhy;...’

(Gwk;: 206)

,t;thwhfr; rq;ffhyg; Gytu;fs; jk;

fy;tpj; jpwj;jhYk; Gyik MSikahYk;

murUf;Fk; mlq;fhj ty;yikAld; tho;e;

jdu; vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; rq;fg;

Gytu;fsJ tha;r; nrhy; ed;ikAk;

jPikAk; tpistpg;gjhfTk; mike;jpUe;j

ikia mwpaf;$bajhf cs;sJ: Gyt

uhy; Gfo;e;J ghlg;gLNthu; tpz;Zyf

ey;tho;T ngWtu; vd;w nra;jpAk; (Gwk;.

27) Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW rq;fg; Gytu;

fspd; Mw;wy;fis ed;F czu;e;Jnfhz;l

jdpehaf mbfs;> rq;fg;Gytu;fis vgpNua

ehl;Lg;Gytu;fSld; xg;gpLfpwhu;. “vgpNua

,iwthf;fpdu;fs; xOf;fj;ijAk; r%f

ePjpiaAk;> cz;ikiaAk; epiyehl;lg;

ngupJk; ghLgl;lhu;fs;. jkpo; ehl;Lg;Gytu;f

Sk; ,j;jifa gzpfisNa nra;Jte;

jhu;fs;. rq;fg; Gytu;fshd ,iw thf;fp

du;fspd; gzpfis vgpNua ehl;by;> njhlf;f

fhyj;J Mw;wy; kpf;f FUf;fspd; gzp

tsu;r;rp mile;jjw;F xg;gplyhk;. Mw;wy;

kpf;f FUf;fspd; gzp jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpy;

Gytu;fspd; gzpahf tsu;r;rp mile;jJ”

vd mbfs; xg;gpl;Lf;$WtJ Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

FLk;g tho;f;ifNa xU r%fj;ij epiy

ngwr;nra;tjhFk; vd;gij midj;Jg; gz;

ghLfspYk; Gytu;fs; vLj;Jiuj;J te;Js;

shu;fs;. ,jidNa jpUts;StUk;>

‘ngWktw;Ws; ahkwptJ ,y;iy mwptwpe;j

kf;fl;NgW my;y gpw.’

(Fws;-61)

vd;w Fwspy;> kdpju; ngwNtz;ba ew;NgW

fspy; ed;kf;fl;NgW gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. rq;fg;

Gytu;fSk; ,t;tifapy; ngw;Nwhupak;

Gfl;Lk; Mrpupau;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;;.

ghz;bad; mwpTilek;gp ,Jnjhlu;ghf

kf;fSf;F mwpTWj;Jk; ‘gilg;Gg; gygilj;

Jg; gyNuhLz;Zk; cilg;ngUQ; nry;tu;

MapDk;...’ vdtUk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;

(188) vy;NyhuhYk; gbf;fj;jf;fjhFk;:

kdpj tho;f;ifapy; gps;isr; nry;tj;jpd;

mUikiaAk;> NjitiaAk; ,r;nra;As;

typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. rq;fg;Gytu; nghd;nkhop

fshfg; gy tupfisj; jk; nra;As;fspy;

je;Js;sdu;. mtw;wl; rpytw;iwf; ,q;F

Nehf;fyhk;:

‘,k;ikr;nra;jJ kWikf;fhk;..’

(Gwk; : 134)

‘vt;top ey;yth; Mltu; mt;top ey;iy

thopa epyNd’

(Gwk; : 187)

‘Gfnodpd; capUq; nfhLf;Ftu; gop nadpd;

cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syu;...’

(Gwk; : 182)

‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfspu;

jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwu; juthuh...’(Gwk; : 192)

vd;gd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.

,t;thwhfj; jdpehaf mbfshu; rq;f

fhyj;Jg;Gytu;fspd; r%f Nehf;Fk;> mtu;

fs; vt;thW kf;fSf;Fk; kd;dUf;Fk;

gad;gLk; tifapy; jk; nra;As; jpwd;f

isg; gad;gLj;jp cs;sdh; vd;gJk; mit fhyq;fle;Jk; epiyngw;

Ws;sikAk; gbj;J ,d;Gwj;jf;fjhFk;.

crhj;Jiz:• lhf;lu; Nt.M.eljdp[hd; mofurd;> jdpehaf mbfs; tho;Tk; gzpAk;

• S. Thaninayagam, Landscape and Poetry- A Studyof Nature in Classical Tamil Poetry.

[email protected]

kPl;f te;j jpUkhYkhfpd;whH. jkf;nfd

thohg; gpwHFhpahsd; vDk; jkpo;g; gz;-

ghl;bd; caHe;j rpwg;ig ,uhkH jk; tho;f;

ifapYk; nkhopfspYk; fhl;Lfpd;whH.

‘MTf;fhapD ke;jzHf; fhapDk;ahtHf;fhapD nkspatHf; fhapDk;

rhtg;ngw;wtNu jif thDiu

NjtHf; Fe;njhOe; NjtHfshFthH.’

‘jtnkyhq; nfhs;f’ vDk; jpahfKk;kdg;ghd;ikAk; vj;Jizr; rpwg;ghfg;

Gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,iwtzf;fKk;

,iwtopghLk; ,iwad;GNk jkpo; kf;f

Sila kpfTk; caHe;j nry;tq;fs;.

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epiyngw;wpy.

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Ntz;Lk;.

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vd; epidtpw;F tUfpd;wJ. Florence efH,Us; #o;e;J fplf;Fk; Ntisapy; jhe;Nj

jk; E}iy tphpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whH. mt;

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ahy; efH Gj;JapH ngWfpd;wJ. fk;gH jUk;

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jdpehaf mbfspd; Ma;T...68k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jdpehafk; mbfshupd; jkpo;...69k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

fk;gd; xU ngUq;fly;...67k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

jkpo;j;J}J

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- 66 - jha;tPL • nrg;nuk;gu; September 2013

,t;thz;bd; %jwpQH v];.N[.tp. nry;t-

ehafk; mtHfspd; epidTr; nrhw;nghopT

fis vd;id epfo;j;JkhW mioj;jikf;

Fr; nry;tehafk; epidTf; FOtpdHf;F

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Ma;Tf;fl;Liufis ,d;iwa jkpo; thrfHfs; vy;NyhUk; thrpj;Njhu; vd;wpy;iy.

jha; tPL thrfHfSf;fhf NguwpQH jdpehaf mbfspd; Mf;fq;fisAk; mtu; gw;wpa Mf;fq;fisAk; njhlu;e;J ntspapl vz;zpAs;Nshk;.

- jkpo;g;NguwpQH jdpehaf mbfs; -

jkpo;j;J}J

jha;tPL • nrg;nuk;gu; September 2013 - 67 -khrw;w fhl;rpAilNahnud;Wk; mioj;jdH.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; Culture vdg;gLk; nrhy;ypw;Fj; jkpopy; gz;ghL vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;

Nwhk;. Mq;fpyr; nrhy; vt;thW ,yj;jPd;

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nrhy;yhfpa gz;Gk; epyj;ijg; gz;gLj;Jt

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Mq;fpyj;jpy; Civilization vd;W $wg;gLk;nghUisj;jhd; ehfhpfKk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

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Gfs; rpytw;iw xU rpwpJ Muha;Nthk;.

cyf kdg;ghd;ik:gz;ilf;fhyk; njhlq;fp jkpo; kf;fs; Nkw;

wpir ehLfNshLk;> fPo;j;jpir ehLfNsh

Lk; ,e;jpahtpd; tlghfj;NjhLk; tzpfj;

njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mf;fhyj;jpy;

jkpo;ehl;bd; gl;ilAk;> kpsifAk;> Kj;ij

Ak; ,d;Dk; gy nghUs;fisAk; cyfk;

tpUk;gpAs;sJ. jkpo;ehl;bd; Gtpapay;

mikg;G> mjid gz;lkhw;wj;jpw;F Vw;w

,lkhf mikj;Js;sJ. fPo;j;jpir ehL

fl;Fr; nry;yNtz;ba Nkw;wpirg; gz;lk;>

jkpo;ehl;by; ,wf;fg;ngw;W NtW kuf;fyq;

fspy; fPo;j;jpir ehLfl;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ.

,t;thNw fPo;j;jpirg; gz;lKk; jkpo;

ehl;by; itj;J kuf;fyq;fspy; nkw;wpir

ehLfl;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ. Nkw;wpir E}y;

fNs rq;f ,yf;fpaj;ijg; Nghy; ,t;tzp

fj;Jf;Fr; rhd;W jUfpd;wd. vdNt ,j;jh

ypa ehl;by; tho;e;j ];nlhapf;thjpfs;

(Stoic) cNuhkg; NguuR fhyj;jpy; vt;thWXH cyfkdg;ghd;ikia tsHj;jhHfNsh

mt;thNw rq;ffhyj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l fhyk;

njhlq;fp XH cyf kdg;ghd;ik jkpo;ehl;

by; gutpAs;sJ. ‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk;NfspH’ vd;Wk;> ‘ahjhDk; ehlhkhy; Cuhkhy;’ vd;Wk; $Wtjw;F ,k;kdg;ghd;ikCf;fkspj;jJ.

NkYk; rkzk;> Gj;jk; Nghd;w rkaq;fSk;

jkpo;ehl;by; tuNtw;fg;gl;ljhy; ,k;kdg;

ghd;ik tphpthfpaJ. ghHg;gdH> nkhopng

aHNjaj;jhH> atdH> Gyk;ngaH kf;fs;

jkpo; kf;fNshL ,dpjhf tho;e;J te;jhH

fs;. ,k;kdg;ghd;ik xU rpy fhyq;fspy;

rkaf;fho;g;ghy; khR mile;jjhapDk;>

mJ vf;fhyj;jpYk; jkpo; kf;fsplk; tsHe;Nj

te;Js;sJ. gpw kf;fspd; eyj;ijf; fU

Jk; gz;G> jkf;nfd thohg; gpwHf;Fhp

ahsd; vd;Dk; jd;ik ,r;rpwg;ig NkYk;

tsHj;jJ. ,k;kdg;ghd;ik tlMhpaH> fpNuf;

fH Nghd;NwhUila gz;ilf; nfhs;if

fSld; Kuz;gl;NlapUe;jJ. gpNsl;Nlh>

mhp];lhl;by; Nghd;NwhH fpNuf;fH kl;LNk

caHe;jtHfs; vd;Wk;> gpw kf;fis ehfhp

fk; mw;wtHfs; vd;Wk; $wpte;jdH. tl

MhpaH ,kakiyf;Fk; tpe;jpakiyf;Fk;

,ilNaAs;s epyk;jhd; Gz;zpaG+kp vd;W

fUjpdH.

fz;Nzhl;lk;:cyf kdg;ghd;ikapy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpa

NtnwhU ,ay;gpid fz;Nzhl;lnkd;W

(Toleronce, Ecumenism) miof;fyhk;.jkpo;ehl;bw;F mg;ghypUe;J te;j rkaq;

fnsy;yhk;> jj;Jtq;fnsy;yhk; jkpo;ehl;

by; jilapd;wpg; Nghjpf;fg;gl;ld. ngUk;

tpohf;fspy; jj;Jtthjpfs;> rkathjpfs;

jj;jk; nfhbfisg; gwf;ftpl;Lj; jk; fUj;

Jfisg;gw;wp ciu epfo;j;jpdH. jpUts;

StH jk; fUj;Jf;fisg; gy %y E}y;

fspypUe;J vLj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rq;f

E}y;fs; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fSila Gy

tHfspd; ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gfisf; nfhz;

Ls;sd. rkzuhfpa ,sq;Nfh mbfs;

jkpoH jOtpa gy gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;>

topghl;L KiwfisAk; tphpj;Jf; $wpAs;

shH.

rkzUk;> Gj;jUk; ,irf;fiy> eldf;fiy

Nghd;w fiyfis ntWj;jhuhapDk;

,sq;Nfh mbfs;> jpUj;jf;fNjtH Nghd;

NwhH jkpo;f;fiyfis ed;F tphpj;Jf;

$wpapUf;fpd;wdH. jpUts;StH rkzuhf

,Ue;jpUg;ghH vd;w $w;Wf;F mtUila

fhkj;Jg;ghYk;> ,y;ywj;ijg; Nghw;Wk;

KiwAk; Kuz;ghlhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. er;rp

dhHf;fpdpaH rPtfrpe;jhkzpf;F ciuna

OjpaJ Nghy rkzH vdf; fUjg;gLk;

,sk;G+uzH> mfj;jpizapaYf;F ciu-

naOjpAs;shH.

,ilf;fhyj;jpy; itztH> irtH Mfpa

ghHg;gd ciuahrphpaH rkzE}y;fis

vj;Jiz MHtj;Jld; mit ,yf;fpa

E}y;fnsdf; fUjp> mtw;wpd; %yq;fl;F

El;gkhd ciufis vOjpapUf;fpd;wdH.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; rkarkurf; fPHj;jidfs;

vd;Wk;> rkurf; nfhs;iffs; vd;Wk; vq;F

cz;ikAk; moFk; cs;sNjh mq;fpUe;J

fUj;Jf;fis E}yhrphpaH vLj;Jj; je;jp

Uf;fpd;wdH. NguhrphpaH NrJg;gps;is

jpUf;fhtY}Hf; fyk;gfj;ijg; gw;wpAk;>

Njk;ghtzpiag; gw;wpAk;> rPwhg;Guhzj;ijg;

gw;wpAk;> je;j fUj;Jf;fisg; Nghy NtW

vtUk; vOjpajhf ehd; mwpNad;. jpU. tp.

fy;ahzRe;ju KjypahH> fpwp];Jtpd; mUs;

Ntl;ly;> Gj;jhpd; mUs;Ntl;ly; Nghd;w

,yf;fpaq;fisg; ghb ,d;Gw;W tho;e;jhH.

ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk;gps;is ,NaR-

itg;gw;wp> Gj;jiug; gw;wpg; ghbAs;shH.

gpw ehLfspypUe;J te;j rkaf; FutH jkp

oH gz;ghl;ilf; filg;gpbj;J> ,f;fz;

Nzhl;lj;Jld; jkpoH kugpd;gbNa ,yf;

fpaq;fisAk; ,yf;fzq;fisAk; ahj;

jhHfs;. tPukhKdptH> fhy;Lnty;IaH>

Nghg;igaH Nghd;wtHfs; ,k;kdepiyiaf;

filgpbj;J tho;e;jtHfs;.

jkpo;j;J}J

jkpopYs;s gf;jp

,yf;fpaq;fisg; Nghy

mofpYk;> Moj;jpYk;>

gug;gpYk; ,j;Jiz

,yf;fpak; Ntnwe;j

nkhopapYk; ,Ug;gjhf

ehd; mwpNad;.

“”



gf;jp:jkpo; gf;jpapd; nkhop vd;W ehd; mbf;fb

$wptUfpd;Nwd;. Vnddpy; jkpopYs;s gf;jp

,yf;fpaq;fisg; Nghy mofpYk;> Moj;

jpYk;> gug;gpYk; ,j;Jiz ,yf;fpak;

Ntnwe;j nkhopapYk; ,Ug;gjhf ehd;

mwpNad;. ghpghly; Kjyhf> ,uhkypq;f

RthkpfSk; tpGyhde;j mbfSk;

gf;jpg; ghly;fisg; ghba GytHfs; vz;

zpwe;jtHfs;. ghpghlypd;>

ahkpug;git nghUSk; nghd;Dk; NghfK

ky;y> epd;ghy; md;Gk; mUSk; mwDk;

%d;Wk;.

tpGyhde;jUila...>

nts;is epw ky;ypifNah Ntnwe;j kh

kyNuh ts;sybapizf;F tha;j;j kynu-

JNth nts;isepwg; G+Tky;y Ntnwe;j

kyU ky;y cs;sf; fkykb cj;jkdhH

Ntz;LtJ.

mg;gH Rthkpfspd;...>

khrpy; tPizAk; vDk; ghf;fisg; ghb

,d;Gwhj jkpo; kf;fs; ,y;iy.

,e;jg; gf;jp ,yf;fpak; cz;lhFtjw;F

ek; mfj;jpiz ,yf;fpak; xUthW Jiz

ahf ,Ue;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W jkpo;

nkhopia MuhAk;nghOJ gf;jpia czHj;

Jk; nrhw;fs; gy miktijf; fhz;fpd;

Nwhk;. Mjyhy; rkag; nghUsw;w gpw

E}y;fspYk; ,e;j nkhop xypf;fpwJ. vLj;

Jf;fhl;lhfg; ghhujpjhrd; ghba jkpo;

nkhop gw;wpa ghly;fs; gf;jpr; nrhw;fis

kpFjpahff; nfhz;lit. ehad;khH> Mo;

thH> Nrf;fpohH> fk;gH Nghd;wtHfS

ila gf;jpg;gz;G cyfpNyNa epfuw;wJ.

,g;gf;jpg; gz;gpid Vida jkpo;f; fiy

fspYk; fhzyhk;. jQ;rhT+Hg;nghpaNfhtpy;>

fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuk;> ,irf;fiy>

gujehl;bak; Nghd;wit gf;jpahy; ,aw;

wg;ngw;wit my;yJ gf;jpahy; tsHr;rp

Aw;wit. ,g;gf;jp gpwehLfl;Fk; gutpaJ.

,e;NjhdPrpahtpypUf;Fk; gpwk; ghzhd;gh-

dhj;juhd; Nfhapy;fs;> fk;Gr;rpahtpypUf;

Fk; rpy muz;kidfs;> rpw;gq;fs;> jha;-

yhe;jpy; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; jpUntk;ghitj;

jpUehs; ,j;jkpo;g; gf;jpapd; gandd;Nw

$wNtz;Lk;. cyfk; Nghw;Wk; Mlty;yhhpd;

tbtk; ,g;gf;jpapd; gandd;gij ahH kWg;

ghH? jkpoH gz;ghL gpwehLfl;Fg; guT-

tjw;Fg; gy;yt NrhoH giltPuk; kl;L

ky;y ,g;gf;jpAk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

xOf;fk;:jkpoH gz;ghl;by; gf;jp vq;qdk; rpwe;J

tpsq;fpaNjh ePjpAk; mt;thW rpwe;J

tpsq;fpAs;sJ. ghujpahhpd; ‘ts;Std;jd;id cyfpDf;Nf je;J thd;Gfo;

nfhz;l jkpo;ehL’ vd;Dk; $w;iwr;rpe;jpf;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mjd; cz;

ikia czu Kbfpd;wJ. cyfePjp ,yf;

fpaq;fisr; rpwg;ghf Muha;e;J mUk;ngUk;

E}y;fis ,aw;wpa my;Ngl; Ritl;rH vd;

Dk; kfhj;kh> jpUf;Fwisg; gw;wp vOJk;

nghOJ ‘jpUf;Fwisg;Nghy; caHe;j Nfhl;ghLfisf; nfhz;l xU E}iy ,t;Ty

fpy; fhz;gJ mhpJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

jpUf;Fwis mtH n[Hkd; nkhopngaHg;gpy;

gbj;jhH. jkpo; nkhopapy; mjidg; gbj;jpUe;

jhy; ,d;Dk; gd;klq;F mjpfkhf mjd;

ngUikia czHe;jpUg;ghH. jpUf;FwSf;

Fg;gpd; Njhd;wpa Vida E}y;fisg;gw;wp

ehd; Fwpg;gplNtz;bajpy;iy. jkpio Kjw;

fw;w Nkdhl;lhH midtUk; ek; ePjp E}y;

fisNa Kjypy; nkhopngaHj;Jf; jkpo;

kf;fSila tho;f;if Qhdj;ijg; Nghw;

wpdhHfs;. xOf;fnkd;gJ jkpoH gz;ghl;

bd; XH mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahf mike;J>

,d;Wk; jkpoH tho;f;iff;Fg; ngUk; mo

ifAk; kdepiwitAk; ey;Ffpd;wJ.

jkpo; kf;fs; ,j;Jiz E}w;whz;Lfshfj;

jdpehLfspy; tho;e;J nropj;Njhq;Ftjw;

Fk;> murpay; tho;f;iff;Fk; ,t;nthOf;

fNk Jizahf mike;jJ. vdNtjhd;

Nghg;igaH ,j;Jiz ePjpE}y;fis ,aw;

wpa kf;fSf;Ff; flTspd; rpwg;ghd mUs;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

kf;fs; eyf; nfhs;if:,k;kf;fs; eyf; nfhs;ifia Mq;fpyj;jpy;

Humanism vd;W miog;gH. nuwd;]; (Ter-ence) vd;Dk; ,yj;jPd; GytH> ‘ehd; kdpjd;. kdpjDf;F ,ay;ghd vjidAk; ehd;

ntWg;gjpy;iy’> vdf;$wpa $w;iw Nky;ehl;lhH ,k;kf;fs; eyg;gz;gpd; Fwpf;

Nfhshfg; Nghw;WtH. ,g;gz;G ek; gz;ghl;

by; XH mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahf mike;

Js;sJ. kdpjid vd;Wk; NgzNtz;L

nkd;Wk;> xU nrayhy; tUk; gpw eyd;

fisf; fUjhky; ed;ikia> ed;ikf;

fhfNt nra;aNtz;Lnkd;Wk; czHe;j

jkpo;g; GytHfs; gyH.

‘,k;ikr; nra;jJ kWikf; fhnkDk;mwtpiy tzpfdhay;yd;’ (Gwk;. 134)vd;Wk;>

‘NkYyfk; ,d;nwdpDk; kf;fNshL ,d;Gw;W xOF

tJk;> ,y;ywj;jpd; ,dpa eyd;fisf;

fhz;gJk;> tho;f;ifapd; Nehf;fq;fshff;

fUjg;gl;ld. GwehD}w;wpy;

cz;lhyk;k ,t;Tyfk; ,e;jpuu;

mkpo;jk; ,iatjhapDk; ,dpnjdj;

jkpaUk; cz;lYkpyNu Kdptpyu;

JQ;rYkpyu; gpwu; mQ;RtJ mQ;rpg;

Gfnodpd; capUq; nfாLf;Ftu; gopnadpd;cyFld; ngwpDq; nfாs;syu; mau;tpyu;md;d khl;rp midauhfpj;

jkf;nfd Kayh Neாd;whl;gpwu;f;nfd KaYe Uz;ikahNd

(Gwk;. 182)

vd;w nra;Aspy; jkpoH gz;ghl;bd; mbg;

gilf; nfhs;iffisf; fhzyhk;. rq;f

,yf;fpaj;Jf;Fk;> tlnkhopapy; ,aw;wg;

ngw;w gioa ,yf;fpaq;fl;Fk; cs;s ngUk;

Ntw;Wik ,k; kdpj eyf; nfhs;ifNa.

Mjyhy;jhd; Nky;ehl;L mwpQH jkpo;

,yf;fpaj;jpd; ‘Life Affirmation’ tho;f;iftypAWj;jy; vDk; gz;igg; Nghw;Wfpd;w

dH.

kf;fs; eyg; gz;gpy; rphpg;ngd;gJ kf;fspd;

rpwe;j XH ,ay;G. Mjyhy;jhd; GytHfs;

el;igg; gw;wpAk;> rphpg;igg; gw;wpAk; vg;

nghOJk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;sdH. ,e;E}w;

whz;bd; Mq;fyg; GytH xUtH ghLfpd;whH.

‘From quiet homes and first beginning Out to the undiscovered endsThere’s nothing worth the wear of winningBut laughter and the love of friends’

jpUts;StH rphpg;igg; gw;wpf;$Wk; ,lq;

fs; ekf;F tpag;igj; jUfpd;wd.

‘efy;ty;yhH my;yhHf;F khapU Qhyk;gfYk;ghw; gl;ld;W ,Us;.’

(jpU.999)

kf;f

spdj;jpd; xw;Wikia epiyepWj;j Ntz;L

nkd;Wk; tpsf;Fk; ,af;fq;fs; ,f;nfhs;

ifapypUe;Nj Njhd;wpd. gpwUf;Fg; gzp

nra;Ak; kdepiy ,g;gz;gpd; gaNd.

,aw;if:jkpo; kf;fSf;F ,aw;ifapypUe;j ,aw;ifia nra;ASf;Fg; gpd;dzp

ahf mikf;Fk; KiwAk;> ekf;Fg; ngUk;

tpag;igj; jUfpd;wJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;ij

Ak;> ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpaj;ijAk; gapy;fpd;

wtHfs; jkpohpd; ,aw;if

khiyfisAk; mtHfs; gad;gLj;jpa

Kiw mtHfSila moF fhe;j

spH gw;wpAk;> nfhd;iwiag; gw;wpAk; GfOk;

nra;Al;fs; ngUkpd;gk; jUfpd;wd. Ky;iy

rhHe;j fw;gpds; vd;Wk;> Ky;iy ehWk;

fw;gpds; vd;Wk; tUkbfspy; Ky;iy

kyH vt;thW fw;gpw;F milahs kyuhf

mike;jJ vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Ky;iy

kyiu mzpnra;ag;gyKiwfisf; if

ahz;ldH. GwehD}w;wpy; tUkpe;jr; nra;As;

ek; epidtpy; vd;Wk; epiyj;jpUf;fj; jFjp

tha;e;jJ.

,isNahH #lhH> tisNahH nfha;ahH

ey;aho; kUg;gpd; nky;y thq;fpg;

ghzd; #lhd;> ghbdp mzpahs;

Mz;ik Njhd;w MltHf;fle;j

ty;Ntw; rhj;jd; kha;e;j gpd;iw

Ky;iyAk; G+j;jpNah xy;iyA+H ehl;Nl

(Gwk;.242)

jkpopd; kWkyHr;rpf;fhyj;jpYk; ,t;tpaw;if

ghujp-

jhrd;> Njrpf tpdhafk;gps;is Nghd;

NwhUila ,aw;if Ky;iy kyHr;nrbfis

tsHj;Jg; NgZjy; Ntz;Lk;.

ehl;Lg;gw;Wk; nkhopg;gw;Wk;:jkpo; ehl;bYk; jkpo; ,izg;gjhfTk;

fUjpte;jdH. ngUepy kd;dUk; FWepy

kd;dUk; jk; vy;iyfl;Fs; muR nrYj;jp

te;jhYk; jk;kidthpd; ehl;ilAk; jkp

ofnkd;Wk;> nghJik Rl;ba %tUyf

nkd;Wk; mioj;jdH. jkpo;nkhopNa md;

dhUila xw;Wikf;Fk;> xUikg;ghl;bw;

Fk; toptFj;jJ. jkpo;ehl;bd; vy;iyf;

fg;ghy; ,Ue;j ehLfis ‘nkhopg;ngaHNjak;’ vd;W mioj;jdH. GwehD}Wk;rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ,t;thw;wiyg; Gyg;gLj;

Jk; ,lq;fs; gy. fdf tp[aH jkpoH

tPuj;ij Vsdk; nra;jfhiy>

‘njd;jkpohw;wy; mwpe;jjpyuhq;F’

vd;W $wpr; NruH tlehl;bd;kPJ gil

naLj;jdH. jkpo; kf;fSf;Fj; jk; nrhe;j

murpd; gw;NwhL> jkpo;ehl;Lg; gw;W vd;

Dk; vy;yhj; jkpo; muRfisAk; mlf;fpa

gw;W ,ay;ghf mike;jpUe;jJ. jkpo;g;

ghzUk;> GytUk; FWepy kd;dhplKk;

ngUepy kd;dhplKk; nrd;W md;dhiu

tho;j;jpg; ghprpy; ngw;wdH. ,sq;Nfh mbfs;

%Nte;jhpd; xt;nthU ehl;bd; rpwg;igAk;

ghbAs;shH. ehad;khH> Mo;thH tlnkhop

,yf;fpaj;jpypUe;J> rkaf;nfhs;iffs;

rpytw;iwg; gapd;whYk; jkpo;ehl;Lg; gw;

iwAk; mtHfs; njspthfj; jk; ghly;f

spy; fhl;bAs;sdH. ,t;tpUtifg; gw;W

ekf;Fk; xU ghlkhf mikfpd;wJ. fpof;Fg;gFjpAk;> kiy

ehl;Lg;gFjpAk; jk; jdpj;jdp ,ay;Gfisg;

ghuhl;b te;jhYk;> jkpo; kf;fs; vd;w Kiw

apy; gz;ilf;fhy xw;Wik Kiwia ehk;

jOt Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; kf;fs; ,j;Jiz

E}w;whz;Lfshfj; jOtpa rkaq;fs; gy.

MapDk; vr;rkaj;ijr; rhHe;jhYk; jhk;

jkpo; kf;fs; vd;W jkpoH gz;ghl;ilAk;

nfhs;iffisAk; mtHfs; filg;gpbj;Nj

te;jdH. ,d;Wk; filg;gpbj;Nj tUfpd;wdH.

ek;kpyf;fpaj;jpYk; fiyfspYk; Njhd;Wk;

jha;nkhopg; gw;wpidg; gw;wp ehd; tphpthff;

$wNtz;bajpy;iy. Nrf;fpohUila nghpa

Guhzj;ij ehd; gbf;Fk;nghOnjy;yhk;

mtUila cUf;fk; epiwe;j jkpo;g;gw;W

vd;Ds;sj;ijf; ftHfpd;wJ. jkpo; vd;w

nrhy; tUkplq;fspnyy;yhk; moFk; md;Gk;

epiwe;j milnkhopfis mikj;Nj $W

thH.

gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; njhlq;fpa

kWkyHr;rp> ,k;nkhopg;gw;iw ,d;Dk;

tpsf;fkhf vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;sJ. Ntjeh-

afk;gps;is> ghpjpkhy;fiyQd;> Re;juk;-

gps;is> kiwkiyabfs; Nghd;wtHfs;

,g;gw;wpidj; jk; E}y;fspy; njspthff;

fhl;Lfpd;wdH. NguhrphpaH NrJg;gps;isapd;

E}y;fspy; jkpopd; ,dpik gf;fe;NjhWk;

,dpf;fpd;wJ. MapDk; ,k;nkhopg;gw;wpid

ghujpahUk; ghujpjhrDk; vd;Wk; kwf;f

Kbahj nra;Al;fspy; ghbapUf;fpd;wdH.

jkpo;j;J}J

kf;fs; eyg; gz;gpy;

rphpg;ngd;gJ kf;fspd;

rpwe;j XH ,ay;G.

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rphpg;igg; gw;wpAk;

vg;nghOJk; Nghw;wpg;

Gfo;e;Js;sdH.

“”


jha;tPL • nrg;nuk;gu; September 2013 - 69 -ghujpahhpd; ‘nre;jkpo; ehnld;Dk;’ nra;As; tuyhw;W cz;ik epiwe;j mhpa

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suhf ehd; gzpahw;wpaNghJ J}j;Jf;F

bf;F tuNtz;Lnkd;W mbfs; je;jp xd;W

mDg;gpapUe;jhu;. xU Qhapwd;W mq;F nrd;

Nwd;. tprhykhd xU gq;fshtpy; jkpo;

Ma;Tf; fofk; xd;iw cUthf;fpg; gy

E}y;fis mr;rpl;L ntspapLk; gzpapy;

Kide;J epd;whu;. ntspehL nrd;W>

FUkhu; xt;nthUtUk;> jkJ mwg;gzpf;

Fg; nghUs; jpul;lyhk; vd;Wk;> mjd;

gbj; jpul;ba nghUshy; me;jg; ngUk;

tPl;ilr; nrhe;jkhf thq;fp> gy ntspaP

Lfisf; nfhz;L tUk; jkJ jpl;lj;ij

tpupthff; $wpdhu;. mg;NghJ ghisaq;

Nfhl;ilapy; jkpohrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wp

Xa;T ngw;w jpU. khrpyhkzp mtUf;Fj;

Jizahf E}y;fisr; nrg;gdpl;L te;jhu;.

1961k; Mz;L thf;fpy; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;

fofk; xd;W nrd;idapy; epWtpj; ‘jkpo;g;ghz;ghL’ vd;w miuahz;L ,jio ntspapl Vw;ghL nra;jhu;. ,e;jpad; Xtu;rP];

tq;fpapd; nghJ Nkyhsuhfg; gjtp tfpj;J

Xa;T ngw;w m. Rg;igah me;j mfhjkp

epWTtjw;Fk; Mq;fpy miuahz;L ,jo;

xd;iw ntspaplTk; kpfTk; Jiz epd;

whu;. mjd; gjpg;ghrpupau; FOtpy; ehDk;

cWg;gpduhf epakpf;fg;gl;Nld;. vdJ fl;

Liufs; rpy mjpy; ntspaplTk; tha;g;G

Vw;gl;lJ. fy;ntl;L gw;wpf; fl;Liunahd;iw

mbfs; vOJkhW $wp> mjd; efiy mb

fNs nrk;ik nra;J vd; ngaupy; kl;Lk;

ntspapl;lJk; kwf;f ,ayhj epfo;r;rp.

me;jr; rQ;rpif ntspahdJk; Mq;fpyk;

mwpe;j jkpou;fspilNa ngUk; tuNtw;igg;

ngw;wJ.

rpyKiw vd;idr; re;jpf;fj; jpUney;Ntyp

,e;Jf; fy;Y}upf;F tUthu;. RUf;fkhfj;

jdJ fUj;ijf; $wp tpilngw;Wr; nrd;W

tpLthu;. vq;fspUtu; el;GwTk; ek;gpf;if

Ak; NkYk; tYg;ngw;wd.

xUKiw ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;-

isiag; Ngl;b fz;L mtUila ftpij

gpwe;j epfo;r;rpiag; gw;wp vOJkhW mbfs;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;. mjd; nghUl;L ftp-

kzpiar;re;jpj;J nra;jp jpul;bNdd;. Mdhy;

mf;fl;Liu ngUk;ghYk; nkhopngau;g;Gr;

nra;jpfisg; gw;wp mike;jjhy; vdf;Fk;

ftpkzpf;Fk; me;j tiuT kdj;jpUg;jp

jutpy;iy. vdNt ntspapl mDg;ghky;

Nfhu;g;gpNyNa jq;fptpl;lJ.

1950k; Mz;L thf;fpy; xUehs; jpU.ghy;-

ehlhUld; mbfs; ghisaq;Nfhl;ilapy;

vdJ ,y;yj;jpw;F te;J Fw;whyj;jpy; ciw

Ak; b.Nf.rp.iaf; fhz mioj;Jr; nrd;

whu;. ehd; tho;e;j tPL rpwpJ. vd; tUtha;f;

Fs; tho epidj;jjhy; me;jr; rpwpa tPL

jhd; thliff;F mku;j;j Kbe;jJ. vdpDk;

me;jr; rpwpa tPl;by; jpU.ghy;ehlhUk; mb

fSk; kfpo;r;rpAld; rpwpJ Neuk; jq;fp>

fhg;gpaUe;jptpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;ldu;. mbfs;

jhd; fhu; Xl;bdhu;. njd;fhrpapy; mg;NghJ

Kd;rPg;ghfg; gzp nra;j jpU.kfhuh[d; tPl;

bw;F Kjypy; nrd;Nwhk;. md;Gld; tuNtw;w

mtu; ,uT mq;F cz;Ltpl;Lj;jhd; nry;y

Ntz;Lk; vd;W tw;GWj;jNt mq;NfNa

cz;l gpd;du; Fw;whyk; nrd;wile;Njhk;.

jpU.kfhuh[d;> b.Nf.rpia kpfTk; kjpg;gtu;.

mtu; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; ghj;jpukhdtu;. ,uT

b.Nf.rpiaf; fz;lNghJ vLg;ghd Njhw;

wKk; KWf;fpa mlu;e;j kPirAk; Foe;ij

apd; rpupg;Gk; cila xU Qhdpiaf; fz;l

czu;T vd;Ds; Vw;gl;lJ. mbfis md;

Gld; tuNtw;whu;. mLj;Jj; jpU.ghy;ehlhiu>

mjd;gpd; tajpy; rpwpatdhd vd;id


- t. ma;. Rg;gpukzpak; -

jkpo;j;J}J

1944

jQ;rhT+u;j; jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; KjyhtJ JizNte;juhfg;gzpGupe;j t.ma;. Rg;gpukzpak; jdpehafk; mbfisg; gw;wp vOjpaepidTf; Fwpg;Gf;fNs ,e;jf; fl;Liu.

t. ma;. Rg;gpukzpak; (1926-2009)> jkpo; nkhop> ,yf;fpak;> nkhopapay;Mfpa %d;W JiwfspYk; Nguhrpupauhf tpsq;fpatu;. jpUtde;j-Guj;jpy; jpuhtpl nkhopfs; Ma;T epWtdj;ij epWtpatu;. mtUf;Faho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf; fofKk; jQ;rhT+u;j; jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofKk;kjpg;ghu;e;j Kidtu; gl;lk; toq;fpg; ngUik ngw;wd.

jdpehafk; mbfshy; Rg;G vd md;NghL miof;fg;gl;ltu;.

jdpehaf mbfs;

jha;tPL • nrg;nuk;gu; September 2013 - 71 -b.Nf.rpaplk; mwpKfk; nra;aNt mtu;

tPl;by; xUtdhf clNd vd;id Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l czu;T vd;Ds;Ns Njhd;wpaJ.

nrl;b ehl;L muru; gq;fshtpy; ehq;fs;

,Uehs; jq;Ftjw;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;

bUe;jJ. Kjy;ehs; ,uT J}q;Ftjw;F

Kd;du; mbfs; je;j jkpo;f; fy;r;rupd;

fl;Liufisg; gbj;J mjpw; fhZk; gpiof

isf; $wpNdd;. mr;rbj;j gpd;du;jhd;

rpyUf;Fg; gpiofs; fz;zpy; gLk;. me;jf;

$l;lj;ijr; rhu;e;jtd; ehd;. vdNt rw;W

tUj;jj;Jld; mbfs; vd; tpku;rdj;ijf;

Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhu;. ,uz;L ehs; mq;Fj;

jq;fpNdhk;. me;j ehl;fspy; b.Nf.rp $wpa

jkpo;g; ghlypd; tpsf;fq;fs; Ritahf

,Ue;jd. mtuplk; Gyikr; nrUf;fpy;iy.

,yf;fz EZf;f tpsf;fkpy;iy. Mdhy;

mtu; tpsf;fk; kdijj; njhl;L vOr;rp

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vd;id Nehf;fp> ‘jkpo; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa

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fg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr;

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jpUj;j te;jpUf;Fk; fhk;G vd;W b.Nf.rp.

fUJfpwhu;’ vd;whu; mbfs;. me;jj; jFjp

vdf;F ,y;yhjjhy; me;jf; nfsutj;

ijg; gw;wpa czu;T ,y;yhjpUe;jJ.

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eakpf;f gy vOj;Jfis ehd; mtuplkp

Ue;J ngw mJ top nra;jJ. mbfs; mwp

Kfk; nra;jpuhtpl;lhy; me;j tha;g;G fpilj;

jpuhJ.

1951k; jpUtde;jGuj;jpYs;s jkpo;j; Jiw

apy;> v];. itahGupg;gps;is Nguhrpupa-

uhf epakpf;fg;gl;ljhy; ehd; mq;F Ma;T

khztdhfr; Nru;e;Njd;. mg;NghJ jpUt-

de;jGuj;jpy; thOk; mwpQu;fs; rpyuplkpUe;J

fl;Liufisg; ngw;W ehd; mDg;gpdhy;

mit jkpo;f; fy;r;rupy; clNd mbfs;

ntspapLthu;. xUKiw Nguhrpupau; itah-

Gupg; gps;isiaf; fhz te;jpUe;jhu;.

mg;NghJ kfpo;Te;J xd;iw thq;fpap

Ue;jhu;. J}j;Jf;FbapypUe;J jhNk mjid

Xl;b ,utpy; jpUtde;jGuk; ,uapybapy;

te;J Nru;e;jjhfTk; miwnaJTk; mku;j;

jhJ fhupDs;Ns J}q;fpg; gf;fj;Jf; fil

fspy; tprhupj;J vd; khkdhu; tPl;il mil

ahsq;fhz mq;Fs;s xU rpw;whs; Jiz

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fhiyapy; fhz kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpahf

,Ue;jJ. ,UtUk; Nguhrpupau; itahGupg;

gps;isiaf; fhzr; nrd;Nwhk;. NghFk;

topapy;> ‘Vd; cw;rhfkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fpwha;

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jpltpy;iy. vdNt gzKilapd; fLik.

Ma;thsdpd; tWikapd; $u;ik ,g;

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tpy;iy. Nguhrpupau; itahGupg; gps;is

apd; Ma;T KbTfis mbfs; xg;Gf;

nfhs;shtpl;lhYk; mtUila Ma;Tj;

jpwikiaAk; thjj; jpwikiaAk; kpf

Tk; kjpj;jhu;. vdNt mtu;fspilNa ele;j

ciuahly; kpfTk; kjpg;igj; njuptpg;

gjhf ,Ue;jJ. yf;Ndhtpy; ele;j fPo;j;

jpir khehl;Lj; jpuhtplg; gpuptpy; epfo;j;

jpa jiyik ciuia jkpo;f;fy;r;rupy;

ntspapLtjw;F v];. itahGupg; gps;is-

aplk; mDkjp ngw;whu;. md;W khiyNa

ehfu;Nfhtpy; jpUk;g Ntz;bajhy;> tpil

ngWk;NghJ ,UE}W &gha;f;F xU fhNrh

iyia mbfs; vOjpj; je;jhu;. gpd;du;

jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;Jtplyhk; vd;w cWjp

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cyff; fPo;j;jpir Ma;T khehL ele;

jJ. mjw;F Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuk; Nguhsu;

fs; cyfpd; gy gFjpfspYk; ,Ue;J

te;jpUe;jdu;. khehL Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;

du; tpQ;Qhd gtdKfg;gpy; Nguhsu;fs;

ngUq;$l;lk; $bapUe;jJ. gythz;L

fhzhj ez;gu;fs; xUtiu xUtu;

ghu;j;J kfpo;e;J Ngrp epd;wdu;. mq;F jdp-

ehaf mbfis vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhff;

fhz Neu;e;jJ. ,UtUf;Fk; nrhy;y

Kbahj ngUkfpo;r;rp. gioa el;GwT

kPz;Lk; jspu;tpl;lJ. me;j khehL ele;j

ehiye;J ehSk; mbf;fb re;jpj;Njhk;.

Kd;du; nrd;idapy; Njhw;Wtpj;j jkpo;g;

gz;ghl;Lf; fofKk; mjd; ntspaPlhd

jkpo;f; fy;r;rUk; kpfTk; nraypoe;J

tpl;ld vd;whu;. jkpo;f; fy;r;ru; gzKil

ahy; epWj;jptpl md;W nghWg;G tfpj;j

nrayhsu; jkJ miwapy; $LkhW vOj;J

xd;iw vOj gjpy; vOjpaJk; epidtpw;F

te;jd.

‘Rg;G ehk; jkpOf;nfd cyf khehL

xd;W elj;j Kay Ntz;lhkh? mjw;

Fupa $l;lk; xd;iwf; $l;b xU epW

tdk; mikf;f Ntz;lhkh?’ vd;whu;.

‘nra;a Ntz;baJjhd;> nly;ypapy;

[{d;gpyNahrh (gpuhd;R)> b.gu;Nuh (,q;fp

yhe;J)> vy;.gp.N[. ifg;gu; (neju;yhe;J)>

n`u;kd; ngu;fu; (n[u;kdp)> fkpy; ];t-

ygpy; (nrf;Nfh];Nyhthfpah)> Mu;. M\u;

(gpupl;ld;) Kjypa may;ehl;L Ma;th

su;fs; gyUk; nj.ngh. kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;>

K. tujuhrd;> nkh.m. Jiu muq;frhkp

Kjypatu;fSk; khehl;bw;F te;jpUg;g

jhf

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