Chapter 9The Five Republics

First written constitution in Oklahoma.

Legislative=unicameral, 10 reps from 3 districts

Executive=3 district chiefs, 4 year terms, lighthorse of 18 peace officers

Choctaw Government

Judicial=3 judgesBill of Rights

Choctaw Government

At first, citizens of Choctaw Nation

1855, made treaty with Choctaws to make their own nation

Constitution almost identical to Choctaws

Capital at Tishomingo

Chickasaw Government

John Ross and “new” Cherokees didn’t want to accept government of existing Cherokees. They wanted to write a new constitution.

June 22, 1839, signers of the Treaty of New Echota were killed.

Cherokee Government

Stand Watie sought revenge. Blood feud lasted 7 years.

Constitution conventions held.

1840, new constitution written. Tahlequah is capital.

Cherokee Government

Lower Creeks and Upper Creeks were divided but got along.

Not centralized, almost 50 towns in a confederation each with a chief and 2nd chief

Creek Government

National Council organized in 1840

1859, first written constitution, still had division of Upper and Lower, chiefs became elected positions

Creek Government

Least organized, didn’t want to join Creeks

25 towns with chiefsAnnual summer meeting of town chiefs

Seminole Government

Some Seminoles and Creeks created a colony in Mexico

1856, Creeks granted Seminoles independence with own land

Seminole Government

Farm sites for fruits and vegetables

Fields of cottonSlavery=less harsh in Indian Territory, some could marry and have property

Choctaw slaves composed “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”

Economic Reconstruction

Ranching=cattle, sheep, goats, horses, hogs

Commerce evolved and towns grew as trading centers

Manufacturing

Economic Reconstruction

Transportation=◦Texas Road-Highway 69 (northeast/southwest)

◦California Trail (east/west)◦Butterfield Road (stagecoach line to link St.Louis and Los Angeles)

◦Red and Arkansas Rivers by keelboats and steamboats

Economic Reconstruction

TraditionalPresbyterian: ABCFM, Byington and Worcester, Wheelock Church

Baptist: opposed slavery Methodist: circuit-riding preachers

Moravians

Religion

Many female missionariesMissionaries taught the gospel, practiced medicine, opposed alcohol, advised tribal leaders, converted languages into written form, opened schools

Religion

Almost every mission had a day school

Boarding schools createdUsed annuities from treaties and mission funds

Educational Reconstruction

Reading, writing, math, history, Latin, Greek, philosophy, biology, astronomy and the Bible

Vocational training tooCherokees separated church and state

Educational Reconstruction

Interaction with each other, western tribes, and US government.

International councils to discuss problems.

Problems with Mexico and Texas.New forts created

International Relations