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Transcript of “Epi”= upon “Pseudo”= false “Squam” = scale “Strat”= layer Simple- one layer ...
TISSUES
Key words
“Epi”= upon “Pseudo”= false “Squam” = scale “Strat”= layer Simple- one layer Stratified- multiple layers Cuboidal- cube shaped Columnar- rectangle shape- column Squamous- flat shape
Tissues
* a group of cells with specialized functions
Types: 1) Epithelial 2) Connective 3) Muscle 4) Nerve
Epithelial Tissues
Covers all free body surfaces Characteristics:
Lacks blood vessels, attached to a basement membrane, replaced continuously
Functions: protects, secretes, absorbs, excretes
Types of Epithelial tissues
Simple Squamous- single layer of flat cells Found: lungs, lines blood vessels, body
cavities
Types of Epithelial Tissue (cont.)
Simple cuboidal- single layer of cube shaped cells Found: kidneys and other glands
Types of Epithelial Tissue (cont.)
Simple columnar- single layer of elongated cells, nucleus is located near bottom of cell Contains microvilli- helps with absorption Contains goblet cells- secretes mucus Found: uterus, digestive tract
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Pseudostratified columnar- single layer of cells that look layered due to nuclei palcement cilia- to move mucus or sex cells Found: reproductive system, respiratory
system
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Stratified Squamous- many flat layers of cells, protects Found: skin, mouth, throat, vagina, anal canal
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Stratified cuboidal- layers of cube shaped cells, protects Found: mamary glands, sweat glands, slivary
glands, pancreas
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Stratified columnar- top layer is elongated, bottom layers are cube shaped, protects Found: male urethra, pharynx
Types of Epithelial Tissues
Transitional- specialized to change shape under tension Found: Bladder
Connective Tissue
General Characteristics: Support Protection Fills spaces Stores fat Produce blood cells Protect against infection Helps repair damaged tissue
Connective Tissue
Cells are separated by matrix (intercellular material)
Types of cells: Fibroblasts- produce collagenous and elastic
fibers Macrophages- are phagocytes (eat other cells
and materials) Mast cells- help with blood clotting and
immune response
Connective Tissue
Types of fibers in CT: Collagenous fibers- thick fibers made of
collagen, grouped in parallel bundles, holds tissues together, found in tendons
Elastic fibers- thin fibers, stretch easily, build networks, made of elastin
Reticular fibers- very thin fibers, delicate support
Connective Tissue- Loose fibrous
Forms delicate, thin membranes Has many fibroblasts Has a lot of collagenous and elastic fibers Function: Binds skin to tissue beneath
and provides nourishment to epithelial tissue, fills space between muscle
Connective tissue- Adipose
Type of loose connective tissue, Fat Function- protection, traps heat, and
energy stores in the body Found: beneath skin, around vital
organs, around joints. Note how nucleus is pushed to the side.
Connective tissue- Dense fibrous
Made of tightly packed collagenous fibers Function: Rigid structure, connects
tissues Found: tendons, ligaments, white of
eyes, deep layer of skin
Connective tissue- Hyaline, Elastic, fibrocartilage
Cartilage- rigid yet partially flexible Function: provides support, protects,
forms structure for developing bones 3 types of Cartilage Hyaline:
Fine collagenous fibers, chondrocytes, intercellular matrix- looks like white plastic
Found : ends of bone in joints, soft part of nose, rings of respiratory passage
Cartilage continued:
Elastic cartilage Made of dense network of elastic cartilage-
flexible Found: makes framework for ears, and parts
of larynx Fibrocartilage
Very tough tissue, contains many collagenous fibers
Shock absorbers Found between disks in vertebral column
Connective Tissue: Bone
Osteocytes, Intercellular matrix contains mineral salts and collagen, which makes bone rigid and collagen reinforces the mineral components
Function: structure, protection, provides framework
Found throughout whole body in skelton
Connective Tissue: Blood
Cells suspended in fluid matrix (plasma), red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood forms in red marrow of long bones Function: Transports, helps maintain
stable internal environment Found: throughout body in blood vessels
and heart chambers
Muscle Tissue
Characteristics: contract, move structures attatched to them
3 Types: Skeletal, Smooth, cardiac
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Structure: Long cells (muscle fibers), striations
Function: attached to bones and helps with movement, can move by voluntary action
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by nerves, then relax immediately.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Structure: cells lack striations, short, spindle shaped
Function: muscle that works involuntary, constricts/ contracts to move things
Found: digestive system, bladder, blood vessels
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Structure: cells are striated and joined end to end, has an intercalated disk between muscle fibers
Function: involuntary contractions in pumping blood
Found only in heart
Nervous Tissue
Structure: neuron (basic cell) has axons and dendrites, neuroglial cells (supports and binds nervous tissue)
Function: Sensitivity and conduction of nerve impulses
Found: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves