Energy conservation Economic – Increased property values Beauty Wildlife/ecological benefits Carbon sequestration Noise abatement Urban hydrology Psychological/societal values Climate modification (especially cooling

and wind) Tourism Mitigation from hurricane-force

winds – with a healthy urban forest

Benefits of the Urban Forest

Considerations for a Healthy Urban Forest

Plant a mixture of species, ages, and layers (shrubs, trees)

Plant trees from “Medium-High” and “Highest” Wind Resistance lists

Match to your local conditions Give trees adequate rooting space with no

obstructions (sidewalk, house, etc) Small trees – at least 10’ x 10’ Large trees – at least 30’ x 30’

Consider planting groups of trees (at least 5 trees)

Consider soil properties when deciding what to plant (e.g. soil depth, high water table, compaction)

Give trees adequate aerial space considering their crown size

Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November 2005mlduryea@ufl.edu; elianak@ifas.ufl.edu

Consult with a certified arborist Have tree health evaluated – remove hazard

trees Consider removing trees that are on the

“Lowest Wind Resistance” list if they are over-mature and endangering property or life

Prune trees (especially dicots) regularly Do not over-prune; palms only need to have

dead leaves removed If sidewalks or trenches are installed next to a

tree, be aware of root damage (and lack of anchoring)

Avoid damage to the trunk of a tree (e.g. mechanical weed control damage or piling mulch around the base)

Establishing New Trees

Managing Established Trees

Tropical/Subtropical Trees

Dicots Bursera simaruba, gumbo limbo Carya floridana, FL scrub hickory Conocarpus erectus, buttonwood Chrysobalanus icaco, cocoplum Cordia sebestena, geiger tree Eugenia axillaris, white stopper Eugenia confusa, redberry Eugenia foetida, boxleaf stopper Ilex cassine, dahoon holly Krugiodendron ferreum, ironwood Lagerstroemia indica, crape myrtle Podocarpus spp, podocarpus Guaiacum sanctum, lignum vitae Magnolia grandiflora, southern magnolia Quercus virginiana, live oak Quercus geminata, sand live oakConifers Taxodium distichum var. distichum, baldcypress Taxodium distichum var. nutans, pondcypressPalms Butia capitata, pindo Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, areca Coccothrinax argentata, FL silver Hyophorbe lagenicaulis, bottle Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, spindle Latania loddigesii, blue latan Livistona chinensis, Chinese fan Phoenix canariensis, Canary Island date

Dicots Annona glabra, pond apple Calophyllum calaba, Brazilian beautyleaf Chrysophyllum oliviforme, satinleaf Coccoloba uvifera, sea grape Coccoloba diversifolia, pigeon plum Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum Lysiloma latsiliqua, wild tamarind Magnolia virginiana, sweetbay magnolia Nyssa sylvatica, black tupelo Sideroxylon foetidissimum, mastic Simarouba glauca, paradise tree Swietenia mahagoni, mahoganyPalms Caryota mitis, fishtail Cocos nucifera, coconut Neodypsis decaryi, triangle Roystonea elata, royal Washingtonia robusta, Washington fanFruit Trees Litchi chinensis, lychee

Tropical/Subtropical Trees

Draft

* Invasive, not recommended by IFAS

Medium-High Wind Resistance

Highest Wind

Resistance

Phoenix dactylifera, date Phoenix reclinata, Senegal date* Phoenix roebelenii, pygmy date Ptychosperma elegans, Alexander Sabal palmetto, cabbage Thrinax morrisii, key thatch Thrinax radiata, Florida thatch Veitchia merrillii, Manila

Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November 2005mlduryea@ufl.edu; elianak@ifas.ufl.edu

Dicots Casuarina equisetifolia, Australian pine*** Cassia fistula, golden shower Chorisia speciosa, floss-silk tree Ficus benjamina, weeping banyan Grevillea robusta, silk oak Jacaranda mimosifolia, jacaranda Melaleuca quinquenervia, melaleuca*** Quercus nigra, water oak Peltophorum pterocarpa, yellow poinciana Prunus caroliniana, Carolina laurelcherry Sapium sebiferum, Chinese tallow*** Spathodea campanulata, African tuliptree Tabebuia aurea, silver trumpet tree Ulmus parvifolia, Chinese elmConifers Araucaria heterophylla, Norfolk Island pine xCupressocyparis leylandii, leyland cypress Juniperus silicicola, southern red cedar Pinus clausa, sand pinePalms Syagrus romanzoffiana, queenFruit Trees Persea americana, avocado

Lowest Wind Resistance

Dicots Acer rubrum, red maple Bauhinia blakeana, Hong-Kong orchid Bucidas buceras, black olive Callistemon spp, bottlebrush Cinnamomum camphora, camphor* Delonix regia, royal poinciana Enterolobium cyclocarpum, ear tree Eriobotrya japonica, loquat** Ficus aurea, strangler fig Kigelia pinnata, sausage tree Eucalyptus cinera, silverdollar eucalyptus Quercus laurifolia, laurel oak Myrica cerifera, wax myrtle Persea borbonia, redbay Platanus occidentalis, sycamore Tabebuia heterophylla, pink trumpet tree Terminalia catappa, tropical almondConifers Pinus elliottii var. densa, slash pine Pinus palustris, longleaf pineFruit Trees Averrhoa carambola, star-fruit,

carambola Citrus spp, oranges, limes, grapefruit Mangifera indica, mango

* Invasive, not recommended by IFAS** Caution: manage to prevent escape*** Prohibited in FL

Medium-Low Wind

Resistance

Tropical/Subtropical Trees

Duryea,Kampf,& Littell, UF/IFAS, November 2005mlduryea@ufl.edu; elianak@ifas.ufl.edu

Draft